:; 00tL0007 .- || :/0 @|/ T ...l -E -

f 7 ^:f?/

:f:/0 diV; ' "'si /

t:000 7:S/:::/

L.C=

development of any character and in-deed an adverse uterine environmentmay be a factor in the expression ofsome cases of schizophrenia.

LEONARD L. HESTONDeparti-e/it of Psychiatry,University of loiwa, lowi,a City 52240

References

1. F. J. Kailiianii, 1lie (eotieti.s of Sclizophlrenia(AolgoLStim. New York, 1938).

2. J. A. Book, Acta Geniet. 4, 1 (1953).

Thermal Pollution Control

In the records of the hearings con-ducted by the several congressionalcommittees concerned with, or touchl-ing upon, thermal pollution, virtually alltestimony appears to be based uponthree premises: (i) the future electricload in the United States iuiuist be aslarge as predicted; (ii) this load mustbe met by steam power stations basic-ailly simiiilar to those in LIse today; and(iii) when thermal efTects are morethan can be tolerated, cooling towersare the only practicable solution.

There seem to be non sequiturs in-volved. A more logical and positiveapproach would be to concentrate uponthe elimination of energy waste. MyowIn work has convinced me that (i)the mIlgllitude of the predicted loadcan be reduced appreciably withoutdimillution in the level of service simplyby improving the efficiency of power-consuming equipment including motors,lamps, compressors, and so forth; (ii)the efliciency of futLure power stationscan be raised to the 50 percent levelby means of new power cycles. Anexample is the closed cycle gas turbinewhich appears to be gaining acceptancein Europe; (iii) beneficial uses can befound for much of the heat from cen-tral power stations now being rejectedto rivers and lakes.

These measures for reducing energywaste will reduce thermal pollution andat the same time will conserve our na-tion's fuel resources and reduce airpollution.To achieve these results, two things

are necessary. First, an adequateamount of money must be made avail-able for research and development workby the federal government. The Fed-eral Water Pollution Control Adminis-tration has been given prime responsi-bility for research on thermal pollutioncontrol but funding is only at the rateof $500,000 per year. This is woefullyinadequate. Second, the economics of24 APRIL 1970

power generation must be modified sothat the utilities and industrial, com-mercial, and residential consumers allhave an incentive to use equipment ofhigher efficiency.The government should inaugurate

an energy conservation program. As afirst step, appropriate federal legislationslhould be enacted requiring: (i) a newfederal tax on coal, oil, gas, and nu-clear fuels raising the sales price sothat more efficient designs will befavored. The tax revenues thus realizedcan be used to fund governmiiient re-search on control of thermal and airpollution; (ii) acceptance by the federalgovernment. of any unu.sual financialrisks which a utility company en-counters in building the first of anynew type of power station promisinighigher efficiency and less thermal pollu-tion; and (iii) mandatory labeling ofelectric appliances by the manufacturerso that the consumer may be aware ofthe power consumption at the time ofpurchase.

The regulatory agencies of the in-dividual states can help by requiringeach utility to invest a small percentage(say 2 percent) of its total revenues inresearch and development, and by per-mitting those utilities generating powermost efficiently to enjoy significantlyhigher profits.

Professional societies and trade jour-nals can help by publicizing the needfor more efficient designs of power sta-tions and power-consuming equipment.Perhaps they should follow the lead ofthe Swedish Association of Engineersand Architects which (with the supportof Swedish power producers) is spon-soring a $15,000 contest for the bestsolution of wlhat to do with the excessheat generaited in nuclear reactors.

Finally, the utilities should recognizethat their responsibility for developingmore efficient power stations is not dis-clharged simply by ordering a new steamturbine of slightly higher pressure ormore gargantuan dimensions. It is truethat the industry has adopted somenew concepts in recent years, namely,nuclear power and combustion gas tur-bines. The former, however, was pio-neered by the Atomic Energy Commis-sion and the Navy, and the latter bythe British and the Swiss. Surely thetime has come for the American utili-ties industry and its suppliers to takethe lead in finding more efficient waysto greater electric power.

JOHN G. MULLER7817 Calputrnzia Couirt,McLeani, Virgi11ia 22101

NALGENE LABWARE DIVISION

Nalgene tanks for soaking andcleaning labware, storing distilledwater or specimens-any storageor holding operation in the lab-oratory.One piece, seamless construc-

tion in corrosion-resistant poly-ethylene. Cylindrical and rectan-gular models, 3-500 gallons. Widechoice of fittings.

NMLGESYBRON CORPORATiON

Nalgene Labware... better an the time

Order from your Laboratory SupplyDealer. Ask him for our catalog or writeDept. 2116, Nalgene Labware Division,Nalge Company, Rochester, N.Y. 14602.

See us at the Microbiology Show,Boston, April 26-May 1, Booth #702

421

I'l-

.1..-X,:4

w - - ,, --w - - - -----1

A truly versatilelaboratory waterbath

Select one model to perform ALLthe chores in your lab. Sevendifferent models. Four rep-resentative models arepictured.

Floor Model MSRO-2* Apparatus Masts*Refrigerated * Shaking*Circulating * Immersion

Floor Model SRO-2*Refrigerated \ Shaking* Circulating * Immersion

Table-top Model 0-1* Circulating ALL MODELS CONTAIN

*Immersionstirring and circulating pump, bell-sounding timer, perforated platformfor uniform bath temperature; mer-cury column thermoregulator, twovalves to control external circulation.

Table-topModel SO-i WRITE OR PHONE

* Cicuating GILSON MEDICAL ELECTRONICS, INC.* CImrcutiong |3000 West Beitline Highway. ImmrsionMiddleton, Wisconsin 53562Telephone: 608/836-1551

EUROPEAN Manufacturing Branch: Gilson Medical Electronics(FRANCE) 69, Rue Gambetta * 95 - Villiers-Le-Bel, France

.

RERBAIN A T1jT FAIRI /\

O^AMNl ATH 6 7l

SCIENCE, VOL. 168422

Jacob & Francone: New 2nd EditionStructure & Function in ManCarefully revised-Offers your students a sound basicknowledge of organization and workings of humanbody-First edition used by over 80,000 studentnurses and undergraduate health science students.

Easy-to-comprehend language-Exquisite drawingsof entire sections of body-Skillful integration ofstructure and functon-New material on: geneticbiology, the thalamus, blood grouping, cancer, oralcontraceptives-Almost 500 original illustrations withover 150 in color-Teacher's Guide available-Sup-plementary filmstrips with records and scripts avail-able.By Stanley W. Jacob, M.D., F.A.C.S.; Univ. of OregonMedical School; and Clarice Ashworth Francone.About 570 pp. About 475 figs., 155 in color. About$8.75. Just Ready.

Balinsky: New 3rd Edition

Introduction to EmbryologyA new edition of the leading text for undergraduateembryology courses-Written by world-renowned au-thority in field-Interprets embryology broadly as ascience dealing With ontogenetic development of ani-mals and therefore fully describes regeneration,metamorphosis, asexual reproduction.New material in this edition on storage and trans-

mission of genetic Information, genetic factors in-volved in embryogenesis, nuclear-cytoplasmic inter-actions, processes governing differentiation andgrowth-Extensive reference lists fully updated.By B. 1. Balinsky, Dr. Biol. Sci., Univ. of the Wit-watersrand. About 750 pp. About 450 figs. About$10. Just Ready.

DeRobertis, Nowinski & Saez:Cell Biology New 5th EditionReflects new theories in cell biology developed fromrecent study-Cell analyzed at all levels of organiza-tion including sub-cellular, molecular and macro-molecular architecture New material on molecularbiology: ultrastructure of nucleus and choromosomes,ribosome structure and biogenesis, cell differentia-tion and cellular interaction-Special attention givento new concepts of cytoplasmic DNA, the infor-mosomes, the biogenesis of ribosomal and cytoplas-mic ARN.By E. D. P. DeRobertis, M.D., Univ. of Buenos Aires;Wiktor W. Nowinski, Ph.D., Dr. Phil., Univ. of TexasMedical School; and Francisco A. Saez, Ph.D., Insti-tute for Investigations in Biological Sciences. About510 pp. About 335 figs. About $11. Ready Sept.,1970.

Romer: New 4th Edition

The Vertebrate BodyHighly respected-Used by over 70,000 students-Reflects author's great authority and experienceClearly drawn illustrations-Truly comparative treat-ment without overemphasis of human structure-In-cludes histologic data-Carefully considers functionof vertebrate body to show relations of various sys-tems within the animal and the animal to its en-Vironment-Ideal text for undergraduate comparativeanatomy courses.By Alfred Sherwood Romer, Ph.D., Museum of Com-parative Zoology, Harvard Univ. About 580 pp. About415 figs. About $10.50. Just Ready.

Write Education Department:

W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANYWest Washington Square, Phila., Pa. 19105

424

StudentMotivatars.Walker: New 4th Edition

Vertebrate DissectionLaboratory manual for undergraduate comparativeanatomy courses-Designed to parallel standard text-book and lecture course- Demonstrates dissectionof dogfish, mudpuppy, cat and rabbit-Gives clearand effectively illustrated directions-Explains struc-tural and functional relationships between variousorgans.

Dissection of sheep brain thoroughly covered, pro-viding excellent introduction to neuroanatomy-Re-vised material in this edition on muscles of the fore-limb and shank of mammals, and structure of mam-malian eyeball.By Warren F. Walker, Jr., Ph.D., Oberlin College.About 380 pp. About 135 figs. Soft cover. About $5.Just Ready.

Hazen: New 2nd Edition

Readings in Population& Community EcologyHelps your students understand the fundamentalsand methods of ecology, an increasingly importanttopic-Brings together 23 significant papers that ap-peared in the literature between 1942 and 1967-Asuperb supplement for undergraduate or graduatecourses and a valuable reference-Topics empha-sized: population growth, spatial distribution, com-petition, predation, flow of energy, ecosystems, con-trol of population size.Edited by William E. Hazen, Ph.D., San Diego StateCollege. 421 pp. Soft cover. $5.75. March, 1970.

McGilvery: Biochemistry NewFresh, simplified approach for undergraduate em-bryology students-Each fact fits clearly into an in-tegrated picture of the nature of biological com-pounds and the reactions they undergo in the body-Emphasis on explaining enzyme kinetics and ther-modynamics in a completely non-mathematical way-Careful explanations of metabolism of carbohy-drates and lipids-Special attention on hemoglobinand other globular proteins.By R. W. McGilvery, Ph.D., Univ. of Virginia Schoolof Medicine. About 865 pp. About 465 figs. About$17. Just Ready.

Leeson & Leeson:Histology New 2nd EditionConcise, selective presentation of three major as-pects of microanatomy: cell biology, basic tissues,and systematic histology of the organ systems-Helps student to acquire working knowledge of ap-pearance and functions of cells and primary tissues-Provides detailed study of each organ system-Ex-plains new techniques in preparation of tissues formicroscopic examination-New material: discussionsof lymphocyte lines, role of the T system in musclecontraction, the relation of ribosomes to forming ofproteins-Full-color supplementary filmstrips avail-able.lBy Thomas S. Leeson, M.D., Univ. of Alberta Facultyof Medicine; and C. Roland Leeson, M.D., Univ. ofMissouri School of Medicine. 525 pp. 490 figs. $11.Jan., 1970.

SCIENCE, VOL. 168