zvezde& - Študentski.netstudentski.net/get/ulj_fmf_fi1_tas_sno_zvezde_01.pdf ·...
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Zvezde
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Kaj so zvezde?
1. zvezde veže lastna gravitacija:
sferične ali sferoidne 2. proizvajajo energijo: v jedrskih reakcijah, včasih tudi gravitacijsko krčenje
zvezda umre, ko ne velja 1. ali 2. ali oboje
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Kakšne so? • izsev L : (10-‐5 LS – 105 LS), LS=3.85×1026 W
• površina Teff : TS=5800 K; 3000 – 40.000 K • masa : 0.1 –150 MS
• radij : 0.01 – 1000 RS
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HR diagram okrog 1910: Ejnar Hertzsprung in Henry Norris Russel
glavna veja HR diagrama
glavni parameter, ki določa zvezdo je masa!
v grobem velja: L ∝ M3.8
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Spekter zvezde
sevanje črnega telesa: Stefanov zakon: j=σT4
Wienov zakon: λmaxT=2.8979 x 10-‐3 Km + "naložene" absorpcijske črte:
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spekter Sonca
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HR diagram
Hertzsprung-‐Russell (1911-‐1913)
log10 T
log 1
0 L
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47 Tucanae
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Hyades
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HR diagram
Hertzsprung-‐Russell (1911-‐1913)
log10 T
log 1
0 L
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Spektralni bpi Spectral Class Characteris0cs
Data from J. C. Evans, George Mason University
de
Spectral Class
Intrinsic Color
Temperature (K) Prominent Absorption Lines
O Blue 41,000 He+, O++, N++, Si++, He, H B Blue 31,000 He, H, O+, C+, N+, Si+ A Blue-white 9,500 H(strongest), Ca+, Mg+, Fe+ F White 7,240 H(weaker), Ca+, ionized metals
G Yellow-white 5,920 H(weaker), Ca+, ionized & neutral
metal
K Orange 5,300 Ca+(strongest), neutral metals strong, H(weak)
M Red 3,850 Strong neutral atoms, TiO
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Izsevni razredi (Luminosity classes)
• Ia najsvetlejše nadorjakinje • Ib manj svetle nadorjakinje • II svetle orjakinje • III normalne orjakinje • IV podorjakinje • V zvezde glavne veje (pritlikavke) • VI, sd (subdwarfs) podpritlikavke • D bele pritlikavke