zulia un ejemplo de gerrymandering

8/9/2019 Zulia Un Ejemplo de Gerrymandering

1/21

@b||qmkodb|ao`8Ik efout|reeao k|tacaeaki db Ea|eroue|a~eafobu Bibetf|kibu ~k|k lbobcaeak|

q ~b|hrdaek| f~eafobu ~fitaeku k ik irx dbi ^|fqbetf db Ibq F|`oaek db^|febufu Bibetf|kibu

Butrdaf db Ekuf8 Butkdf Xriak

^f|8 Bd`k|d @rta||bx


2/21

@b||qmkodb|ao`8Bu ro efot|fsb|tadf mfdf db |bdaut|alra| iku ea|eroue|a~eafobubibetf|kibu db ro tb||atf|af ~k|k fltbob| sbotkhk) bo bu~beaki bo ifuir`k|bu bo ifu {rb ub rtaiaxk bi uautbmk bibetf|ki mkqf|atk|af/ ^rbdbub|sa| ~k|k cksf|beb| f ~b|hrdaek| k ro dbtb|maokdf ~k|tadf ~fitaef)f `|r~f toaef) iao`utaef) |bia`afuf f ufeaki/

^|fsabob dbi ofml|b dbi `flb|okdf| db Mkuukejrubttu) Bil|ad`b@b||q/ Bo ;:;


3/21

[r bu if {rbbut ~ikotbkdf6

Bi ~|fqbetf db Ibq F|`oaek db ^|febufuBibetf|kibu) kl|b ik ~fualaiadkd |bki db {rb

k t|ksu db ik daue|beafokiadkd dbi EOB)~rbdko efout|ra|ub ea|eroue|a~eafobubibetf|kibu ~k|k lbobcaeak| k ro ubetf|

~fitaef dbtb|maokdf) a||bu~btkodf e|atb|afu

`bf`|caefu) ufeakibu q ~fitaef-kdmaoaut|ktasfu


4/21

Kotbebdbotbu*;!Dbu~ru db k~|flkdk ik |b~|bubotkeao ~|f~f|eafoki ~b|ufokiaxkdkbo ik Ibq F|òaek dbi Urc|kàf db ;1:1) ub ~ikotbk ~f| ~|amb|k sbxbo ;115 ik obebuadkd db ik efout|reeao db ea|eratfu ofmaokibu ~k|kbibà| da~rtkdfu ki Efo`|buf Okeafoki/ Ik bz~b|aboeak trsf mrejkue|taeku ~rbutf {rb ub kca|m {rb ik mkob|k efmf crb|fo caokimbotb

k~|flkdku b am~ibmbotkdku) b|ko bo mrejfu ekufu k|tacaeakibu q of|bu~fodko uktaucketf|akmbotb k |bkiadkdbu bf`|caeku) ufeakibu qr|lkoku) oa ub |bu~btklko dasauafobu ~fitaef-kdmaoaut|ktaskuoktr|kibu/ Ub dboroea {rb bi e|atb|af crb luaekmbotb ~fitaef ~k|kcksf|beb| k ki`rofu ubetf|bu q ~k|k ~b|hrdaek| k ft|fu

Ik k~|flkeao db ik Ibq F|òaek dbi Urc|kàf q ^k|taea~keao^fitaek *IFU^^! bo ;110 *irb`f |bcf|mkdk bo ;11:!) kskox bo biekmaof db dbcaoa| ki`rofu e|atb|afu mu ca|mbu q {rb dbhk|fo mbofubu~keafu ~k|k ik daue|beafokiadkd q ~fualaiadkd db mkoa~rikeao~fitaek


5/21

Kotbebdbotbu*

K\TERIF ;4/-^k|k ik bibeeao db ifu ek|`fu ofmaokibu) bi Efoubhf Okeafoki Bibetf|ki efocf|mk|ea|eroue|a~eafobu bibetf|kibu iku erkibu cf|mk|o ~k|tb dbi \bìkmbotf @bob|ki Bibetf|ki) q ub |bà|o ~f| ifuiaobkmabotfu ua`rabotbu8;- ^k|k ik bibeeao db Da~rtkdfu ofmaokibu ki Efo`|buf db ik \b~liaek q k iku Kukmlibku Ibàuiktasku ikea|eroue|a~eao bibetf|ki butk| efocf|mkdk ~f| ro mroaea~af f k`|r~keao db mroaea~afu efota`rfu/ Bo biD

aut|atf Cbdb|ki) ku efmf ~k|k ik bibeeao db Efoebhkibu ofmaokibu ik ea|eroue|a~eao bibetf|ki ub| ik ~k||f{rakf k`|r~keao db ~k||f{raku efota`rku/ Bo oaoò ekuf ub dasada| ro mroaea~af f ~k||f{rak k i

fu caobu dbefocf|mk| ea|eroue|a~eafobu bibetf|kibu7

Ik ibq kdbmu efotbm~i ik mkob|k emf butklibeb| ifu odaebu~flikeafobu *tftki db ~flikeao bot|b ek|`fu ofmaokibu k buef`b|!/

Ku8

5/ K ifu caobu db {rb bo ekdk botadkd cbdb|ki ifu ek|`fu ofmaokibu k bibà| ub ef||bu~fodko efo ifu odaebu~flikeafokibu butklibeadfu ~k|k ik efocf|mkeao db iku ea|eroue|a~eafobu bibetf|kibu) ub ~fd|o k`|r~k|mroaea~afu f ~k||f{raku efota`rfu) jkutk kiekoxk| bi odaeb ef||bu~fodabotb f mita~if db i/ Db kerb|dfefo ik ~|bubotb of|mk) bi Efoubhf Okeafoki Bibetf|ki butklibeb| iku ea|eroue|a~eafobu bibetf|kibu) k~iaekodf efoik mkqf| ~|beauao ~fualib ifu odaebu ~flikeafokibu7

4/ Erkodf ub efocf|mbo ea|eroue|a~eafobu bibetf|kibu erqk ~flikeao ubk b{raskibotb k mu db ro ek|`fofmaoki) ubò bi odaeb dbue|atf) ub bibà|o tkotfu ek|`fu efmf ef||bu~fodk7


6/21

Kotbebdbotbu*5!Bi Butktrtf Bibetf|ki dbi ^fdb| ^liaef) k~|flkdf bo cbl|b|f db>>) ef~a ekua tbztrkimbotb if dau~rbutf bo ik IFUU^ q~|fjala tkzktaskmbotb ik dasauao db mroaea~afu q ~k||f{raku/

K|terif ;3/ ^k|k ik bibeeao db ifu ek|`fu ofmaokibu) bi Efoubhf OkeafokiBibetf|ki efocf|mk| ea|eroue|a~eafobu bibetf|kibu {rb ub |bà|o ~f| ifuiaobkmabotfu ua`rabotbu8

;/ ^k|k ik bibeeao db da~rtkdfu ofmaokibu k ik Kukmlibk Okeafoki q k ifuefoubhfu ibàuiktasfu ik ea|eroue|a~eao bibetf|ki butk| efocf|mkdk ~f| romroaea~af f k`|r~keao db mroaea~afu efota`rfu/ Bo oaoò ekuf ub dasada| romroaea~af f ~k||f{rak k ifu caobu db efocf|mk| ea|eroue|a~eafobubibetf|kibu/

Jkutk ifu mfmbotfu) ub k~iaeko ifu e|atb|afu butklibeadfu bo biButktrtf Bibetf|ki dbi ^fdb| ^liaefu


7/21

Ea|eratfu OfmaokibuKjf|k8 Bi ^|fqbetfButf bu if {rb aodaek bi ^|fqbetf db ik Ibq db ^|febufuBibetf|kibu

K|terif ;3 ^k|k ik bibeeao db ek|`fu ofmaokibu k ifu

erb|~fu dbialb|kotbu bi Efoubhf Okeafoki Bibetf|kiefocf|mk| ea|eroue|a~eafobu bibetf|kibu {rb ub |b`a|o~f| ifu iaobkmabotfu ua`rabotbu8

^k|k ik bibeeao db ek|`fu okeafokibu) butkdkibu q dbi

Daut|atf Ek~atki) ik ea|eroue|a~eao bibetf|ki ~fd| butk|efocf|mkdk ~f| ro mroaea~af f k`|r~keao dbmroaea~afu) rok ~k||f{rak f k`|r~keao db ~k||f{raku) frok efmlaokeao db kmlku) efota`rfu q efotaorfudbot|f db ro maumf Butkdf/


8/21

Ikdaue|beafokiadkdIf kotb|af| ~ikotbk efoe|btkmbotb {rb8

Ro Mroaea~af dbtb|maokdf ~rbdk ub| dbumbml|kdf bo sk|aku ~k||f{raku) kiub| roadf k ft|fu mroaea~afu

[rb ki ub| efota`rfu q efotaorfu) ik kdaeao db ~k||f{raku k ft|fu

mroaea~afu ~rbdk dbuefofeb| |bkiadkdbu `bf`|caeku q ufeakibu/ *^f|bhbm~if) {r tbod|k {rb sb| ik ^k||f{rak Ejk|kiiksb efo bi Mroaea~af@rkaeka~r|f dbi Butkdf Ma|kodk6! Butk Ibq kl|a|k ik ~fualaiadkd db roa|butku dfu roadkdbu ~fitaef-tb||atf|akibu/

Ur|`bo ik ~|b`rotk8Bo eribu ekufu k~iaek ik efmlaokeao db ro mroaea~af efo ro mroaea~af fro mroaea~af efo rok ~k||f{rak6 Ik |bu~rbutk bu8 Buf {rbdk|k k ikdaue|beao dbi EOB

Bzkmaobmfu ro ekuf {rb bhbm~iacaek ik daue|beafokiadkd q ~|fdrea|kbof|mbu efouberboeaku ~fitaeku


10/21

Butkdf XriakBo ik ketrkiadkd) bi Butkdf Xriak bu ik|b`ao {rb mkqf| omb|f dbda~rtkdfu bia`b k ik KukmlibkOkeafoki/ Bo tftki ufo ;2~k|ikmbotk|afu) db ifu erkibu 1 ubbia`bo ~f| ofml|b q k~biiadf bo

ea|eratfu ofmaokibu q 3 ub bia`bo ~f|iautku/

Tkotf ~k|k iku bibeeafobu k ikKukmlibk Okeafoki bo bi kf >>efmf bo bi kf >2) crb|foefocf|mkdku db ik ua`rabotb mkob|k

k`|r~kodf k ifu ) iku ea|eroue|a~eafobu {rbdk|koaotketku

Ea|eratf Mroaea~af *u! Da~u/ k Bib`a|8

;Mk|kekalf

4

>) bi mroaea~af Hbuu Bo|a{rb Ifuukdk ~b|tbobek k ik ea|eratf 4/ ^k|k bi >2 crb kobzkdf ki ea|eratf 2


11/21

Bi XriakboEa|eroue|a~eafobu OfmaokibuEA\EROU ; MRO/ MK\KEKALF 4 DA^RTKDFU

EA\EROU < MRO/ UKO C\KOEAUEF ;DA^RTKDF

EA\EROU 5 Mroaea~afu

EKLAMKUUKOTK\ATKMA\KODK

; DA^RTKDF


UAMO LFISK\IK@ROAIIKU

SKIMF\B \FD\@RBXLK\KIT

; DA^RTKDF


KIMA\KOTB ^KDAIIKMK\K^BX

IK EKKDKDB R\DKOBTKHBUUBO\A[RB IFUUKDK

; DA^RTKDF


\FUK\AF DB ^B\AHMKEJA[RBUDB ^B\AH

EFIOEKTKTRMLF

HBUUMK\KUBM^\RMC\KOEAUEF HKSAB\ ^RI@K\

URE\B

; DA^RTKDF


12/21

If dau~rbutf bo ikI/F/^/BUa`rabodf ifu iaobkmabotfu dbi ^|fqbetf db ik I/F/^/B/) bi ButkdfXriak bibà|k) db kerb|df k ur ~buf ~flikeafoki ro tftki db ;/ Erkodf bi omb|f db da~rtkdfu) ibàuikdf|bu db ifu butkdfu q efoebhkibu k bibà| boik Botadkd Cbdb|ki) Mroaea~af f Daut|atf) |bu~betaskmbotb) ubk a`rki f mkqf| k dabx) ub bibà|ot|bu ek|`fu ~f| iautk) ubò bi ~|aoea~af db |b~|bubotkeao ~|f~f|eafoki/ Bi omb|f |butkotb dbek|`fu ub bibà| bo ea|eroue|a~eafobu ofmaokibu ubò bi ~|aoea~af db ~b|ufokiaxkeao

K~iaekodf if kotb|af|) bi Butkdf Xriak dblb|k butk| dasadadf bo ; kfu) bi Mk~k {rbdk aotketf/ Of flutkotb ikEa|eroue|a~eao ; bibà|k eaoef da~rtkdfu) iku ea|eroue|a~eafobu 2 q3 dfu da~rtkdfu q bi |butf ro da~rtkdf/ Flub|sbmfu bo bi mk~k


13/21

Bi XriakboEa|eroue|a~eafobu OfmaokibuEA\EROU ; MRO/ MK\KEKALF 2 DA^RTKDFU

EA\EROU < MRO/ UKO C\KOEAUEF ;DA^RTKDF


EKLAMKUUKOTK\ATKMA\KODK

; DA^RTKDF


UAMO LFISK\IK@ROAIIKU

SKIMF\B \FD\@RBXLK\KIT

; DA^RTKDF


KIMA\KOTB ^KDAIIKMK\K^BX

IK EKKDKDB R\DKOBTKHBUUBO\A[RB IFUUKDK

< DA^RTKDFU


\FUK\AF DB ^B\AHMKEJA[RBUDB ^B\AH

EFIOEKTKTRMLF

HBUUMK\KUBM^\RMC\KOEAUEF HKSAB\ ^RI@K\

URE\B

< DA^RTKDFU< DA^RTKDFU


14/21

@b||qmkodb|ao`bokeeaoOf flutkotb) efo iku efm~rb|tku db ik daue|beafokiadkd tftkimbotbklab|tku ~k|k k~iaek| e|atb|afu dbua`rkibu ~k|k ik efout|reeao db ikuea|eroue|a~eafobu ofmaokibu) ik ~fualaiadkd db dbumbml|k|Mroaea~afu bu klufirtkmbotb cketalib/

Tfmkodf bo efouadb|keao ~kt|fobu jaut|aefu db efm~f|tkmabotfbibetf|ki) ub ~rbdbo ~|bdbea| |buritkdfu bibetf|kibu ~f|ea|eroue|a~eao q mfdbik| saetf|aku q db||ftku k|tacaeakibu/ Bo biekuf {rb ofu fer~k) efoebot|bmfu ik ktboeao jkeak iku

ea|eroue|a~eafobu {rb bib`a|ko mkqf| omb|f db da~rtkdfu/ Ik ; qik


15/21

Mroaea~afuMk|kekalf q Uko C|koeauef

Efoebot|ko bi 2


16/21

Mroaea~af ^fitaekmbotb Dbumbml|kdf

Bo butb bhbm~if) bi Mroaea~af Mk|kekalfub |bdreb k ;> ~k||f{raku *efoebot|kdkuki butb!) q iku |butkotbu : ufodbumbml|kdku ~k|k ub| kobzkdku kiMroaea~af Uko C|koeauef/

^flikeafokimbotb) ik orbsk daut|alreao~|fdrea|k krtfmtaekmbotb {rb ifukota`rfu 2 da~rtkdfu {rb dblb|kobuef`b|ub bo tfdf bi Mroaea~afMk|kekalf) ub |bdrxeko k rof ufif/

Mabot|ku tkotf) bi oaef da~rtkdf {rbdblb|k buef`b| ik ea|eroue|a~eao dbiMroaea~af Uko C|koeauef) efo ik kobzaodb butku : orbsku ~k||f{raku mk|klaoku)~|fsfek {rb biahk 2 buekfu ofmaokibu k

ik Kukmlibk Okeafoki


19/21

Ikuefouberboeaku ~fitaeku

EA\EROUE\A^EAFOBUKETRKIBU @B\\QMKODB\AO@EJKSAUMF F^FUAEAO EJKSAUMF F^FUAEAO

^F\EBOTKHBSFTFU 40" 25" 40" 25"

^F\EBOTKHBBUEKFU 40" 25" 05" " '


20/21

Efoeiruafobu Bu klufirtkmbotb bsadbotb efmf ik mkoa~rikeao efo

caobu ~fitaefu db iku ea|eroue|a~eafobu ~|fdrea|k roku~|fcrodku dautf|uafobu bo ik |b~|bubotkeao ~fitaek dbifu Butkdfu

Butb bu ro bhbm~if db emf ik mkoa~rikeao db cketf|buefo |b`iku db hrb`f ~fef eik|ku q mrq daue|beafokibu~fd|ko iibsk| k cketf|bu f~fuatf|bu k ur moamkbz~|buao bo ik Kukmlibk Okeafoki) ko fltboabodf rokmkqf|k db sftfu

^|fqetbub butb bhb|eaeaf k ft|ku eardkdbu efmfSkiboeak) Uko E|autlki) M|adk q ki Butkdf Ma|kodk q ubbotbodb| bi kiekoeb q |b~b|eruafobu db ik kmbokxk{rb |b~|bubotk ~k|k ik dbmfe|keak sbobxfikok


21/21

MtfdfudbEfotketf

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zulia un ejemplo de gerrymandering

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