zos05 - les basiques du mainframe - ibm · mainframe basics. ibm software group © 2009 ibm...

IBM Software Group

© 2009 IBM Corporation

Cécile Benhamou

z IM Technical Specialist

[email protected]

Mainframe Basics

IBM Software Group

2© 2009 IBM Corporation

Agenda

� What is the Mainframe Computer?

� z/OS Middleware

� Application development

� Who/Why using a Mainframe Computer?

IBM Software Group


Mainframe Design Philosophy

� General, multi-purpose computer, designed to use all resources efficiently�Balanced design, optimized to run “Mixed workloads”

� from different time zones and of different types

�Software designed to run together

�The more workload, the more mixed the workload, the better

� … designed to host the central databases, transaction servers, and applications that require a greater degree of security and availability �Central data repository

�High volume processing

IBM Software Group


� Hardware and Software

� Routinely working with hundreds or thousands of simultaneous Input/Output operations

� Highly flexible thanks to clustering technologies (Parallel Sysplex)

� Compatible with different types of applications and data

� Providing a centralized control of resources

� Sharing data with automatic protection

� Providing highly organized procedures for backup and recovery

Simply the largest type of server in use today!

� A technology hidden from the public eye …

� With supernatural reliability

� Highly resistant

� With negligible downtime

� … But used by almost everyone

� For daily operations

� For mission critical applications

Mainframe Design Philosophy …

IBM Software Group


Mainframe – Yesterday and Today

1964 1970 1980 1990 2000 2004

S/360 S/370 S/370XA – 31 bits ESA/390 z/Architecture – 64 bits

MVT, PCP

MFTMVS - VTAM

VM

MVS/XAMVS/ESA OS/390

z/OS

DB2z/VM

LinuxCICS

HW

SW

USS -

TCP/IP

WebSphere

CMOS –

Parallel Sysplex

IMS

Application Investment Protection

IBM Software Group


Processors●Central Processors (CPs) - Runs z/OS, z/VM, z/VSE and z/TPF ●Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL) - Additional processing capacity exclusively for Linux workloads●Internal Coupling Facility (ICF) - Additional processing capacity exclusively for CF usage●System Assisted Processors (SAPs) - Manages I/O operations for all logical partitions ●System z Application Assist Processor (zAAP) - Additional capability for Java code execution (JVM)●System z Integrated Information Processor (zIIP) – Additional capability for data workloads within the enterprise

Operating Systems●z/OS (OS/390 ,

MVS)●z/VM, VM/ESA●VSE●Linux●TPF

Processor(s)

Memory

I/O s

ub-s

yste

m

System z Processor Complex

Main memory●Real storage●Virtual storage

I/O Subsystem●Channel subsystem●Control units●I/O devices

High-end 600x Larger than Smallest

IBM Software Group


System z Processor Complex …

� Partitioning (virtualization)�Split of resources into multiple system images

� via PR/SM microcode (Processor Resource/System Manager)

� LPARs (Logical Partitions)

�Granular allotment of CPU, memory and channel resources across partitions� Up to 32 LPARs per System z machine

�Can run any System z Operating System

� Additional partitioning via z/VM

Processor(s)

Memory

I/O s

ub-s

yste

m

LPAR

IBM Software Group


Leading the industry for over 41 years!

z/OSOS/390®MVS

� A packaging of over 70 different functions�Base operating system

�Many industry exclusives - Workload Manager, Parallel Sysplex®, Intelligent Resource Director

�Key e-Business infrastructure services - Networking, security, distributed files and print, storage management

�Application technologies - Java, J2EE, HTML, XML

� UNIX built right into the base

� Exploiting the technologies of the System z

z/OS – The ultimate OS

IBM Software Group


TS

OBase Operating System

Sys

tem

Tas

k

Bat

ch J

ob

TC

P/I

P

VT

AM

Bat

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ob

Bat

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ob

Use

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ser

Use

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CR

MP

PM

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PB

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SA

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TO

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DO

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Web

Sph

ere

JES

Sec

urity

Ser

ver

Licensed Internal Code (LPAR, etc)

“System z” hardware

z/OS – The ultimate OS – Components …

MQ

A d d r e s s S p a c e s

IBM Software Group

© 2009 IBM Corporation

Some z/OS components�Communication/Network

� Communication Server for z/OS� Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM) – SNA support� TCP/IP for z/OS - Services including FTP, Telnet, NFS, etc.

�User Interface ƒ TSO/E (Time Sharing Option/Extensions)ƒ ISPF (Interactive System Productivity Facility)

�Batch Job Management•JES (Job Entry Subsystem)

�Scheduler *ƒ TIVOLI-TWS (Tivoli Workload Scheduler) *

�Performance Managementƒ WLM (Work Load Manager)

�File and Space Managementƒ DFSMS (Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem)

�Security Managementƒ RACF (Resource Access Control Facility)

� Installationƒ SMP/E (System Modification Program/Extended)

* Not included in z/OS

IBM Software Group


z/VM

� VM = “Virtual Machine”�Each “user” acts as it’s own virtual operating system

�Virtual I/O devices, CPUs, etc.

� Components:�CP - Control Program - underlying OS layer serving the VM guests

�CMS – Conversational Monitor System – a single-user OS for VMs running under the CP

�Guest operating systems - any System z operating system

� Frequently used for independent development and testing facilities� In the past, popular for hosting PROFS and OfficeVision

� Now key to the “Scale Out” strategy for horizontal scaling of Linux servers on System z

IBM Software Group


Control Program (CP)

LIC (LPAR, etc)

CM

S

VS

E

Linu

x

z/O

S

appl

icat

ion

appl

icat

ion

appl

icat

ion

appl

icat

ion

appl

icat

ion

appl

icat

ion

appl

icat

ion

appl

icat

ion

CM

Sap

plic

atio

nap

plic

atio

n

“System z” hardware

…V i r t u a l M a c h i n e s

z/VM architecture

IBM Software Group


Linux on System z

� What is it?�A native System z operating environment

� Pure Linux, an ASCII environment (vs. EBCDIC on z/OS & z/VM)� Exploits IBM System z hardware, including IEEE floating point� Linux for z - 64-bit

�Not a unique version of Linux or other operating system�Not a replacement for other IBM System z operating systems

� Benefits�The most reliable hardware platform available�Scalability

� Both Physical and Logical� Non-disruptive capacity upgrade on demand

�Designed to support mixed work loads� Complete work load isolation� High speed inter-server connectivity� High Internal Bandwidth� Virtualization

IBM Software Group


Linux on System z …

z/VM

LIC (LPAR, etc)

CM

S

Linu

x

z/O

S

appl

icat

ion

appl

icat

ion

appl

icat

ion

appl

icat

ion

appl

icat

ion

appl

icat

ion

Linu

xap

plic

atio

nap

plic

atio

n

“System z” hardware, with optional IFLs

…

Linu

xap

plic

atio

nap

plic

atio

n

VS

Eap

plic

atio

nap

plic

atio

n

IBM Software Group


Enabling New Workloads Integration and Consolidation

System z Platform

Linux

z/OS z/VMLinux

JVM

PR/SM LPAR (up to 32 logical partitions)

ERP

LinuxAppl

transaction

IMS TM

CICS

DB2

DB2

Core Business

Applications

Batchs

DB2IMS DB

IBM Software Group


z/OS Parallel Sysplex

� Microcode & Hardware & Software

� For highest availability

� For scalability

z/OS

Appli-A� � �

Global Lock Management &

Data Sharing

“Single Image” View

Workload Balancing

Network

z/OS

Appli-A

z/OS

Appli-B

z/OS

Appli-A

CFCoupling Facility

121

2

3

4

56

7

8

9

10

11

Sysplex Timer

IBM Software Group


Agenda


� z/OS Middleware



CICS DB2IMS

System z Hardware

Tool Set and Applications

WASWebSphere

MQ

Operating System z/OS

IBM Software Group


Typical mainframe workload types

Batch job

Application Program

Application Program

InputData

Process data to perform a

particular task

Output Data

Online (real time) transaction

Access shared data on behalf of

online user

Request

Reply

Data

IBM Software Group


z/Middleware – What For?

Business SystemsDatabases

Business SystemsFront End

Browser

Browser

Browser

Web Server

Appl. Server

Server

PersonalComputer

"Dumb" Terminal

e-business

e-business with Core Business Systems

Client-Server

GUI Front-End

TerminalProcessing

Internet Enterprise Network Central Site

Web Server

Appl. Server

Personal Computer

Time

Application Investm

ent Protection

CoreBusiness Systems

Applications

IBM Software Group


z/Middleware – Transaction and Database

User B

User C

T R PO A RN N OL S CI A EN C SE T S I I O N N G

END USER’S

Application E

Application D

Application C

Application B

Application A

MD AA N ST A YA G S E TB M EA E MS NE T

Databases

Application

Journal / LOG

Program Libraries

IBM Software Group


Transactional Workload

� Transaction monitor�A program or subsystem that manages or oversees the

sequence of events that are part of a transaction�Makes sure the ACID properties of a transaction are maintained

� Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability� Includes functions such as interfacing to databases and networks and

transaction commit/rollback coordination�Provides an API so applications can exploit the services of the transaction

monitor

� IBM’s z/OS-based transaction monitors:� IMS TM - Information Management System Transaction Manager �CICS - Customer Information Control System�WebSphere Application Server for z/OS

Transaction Manager

IMS TM CICS

Database Manager

IMS DBDB2 for z/OS

z/OS and

Core Business

Applications

WAS

A key strength of the z/OS platform is support for high-volume, high-performance transaction management

using transaction monitors

IBM Software Group


Access to Data and Databases

� Traditional data access methods & formats on z/OS�VSAM, Sequential, Partitioned

� Hierarchical File System for Unix System Services

� Database�A collection of interrelated data items, stored once and organized in a form for

easy retrieval.

� z/OS Database Management System�A collection of programs for storing, organizing, selecting data

� Hierarchical – IMS Database Manager, also called DL/I

� Relational – DB2

� 3rd Party Vendors – IDMS, CA-Datacom, Adabas, Oracle

� Information integration with existing z/OS data sources�Via “InfoSphere Classic Federation for z/OS”

�Via “InfoSphere Event Publisher for z/OS”

IBM Software Group


Agenda


� z/OS Middleware



IBM Software Group


Main Languages on z/OS

� Cobol with IBM Enterprise COBOL for z/OS® V4.1 �Promotes the exchange and usage of data in standardized formats including

XML and Unicode

�Delivers enhanced support for IBM Debug Tool, Version 8.1

�Facilitates programming with large amounts of data

� PL/I with IBM Enterprise PL/I for z/OS® V3.8� Improved compatibility with prior IBM PL/I compilers + Easier Java

interoperability + XML parser

�Debugging improvements

� Java�z/OS may not be viewed as a dedicated platform for Java development!

� IBM Orientation, for all languages, is to provide a development support via IDEs

� IBM z/OS is the best place you could imagine to host your Java

� J2EE Applications, ESB mediations, BPEL Process, Portal applications

� Interoperability with existing applications code

IBM Software Group


A changing development environment

� Traditional�Green screen TSO with ISPF/PDF for source creation & edit

�Batch compile/link

�Test in test region/LPAR

�Save source in host-based SCM system

� Newer�Rational Developer for System z (RDz)

� Interactive/incremental compile of COBOL, PL/I, Java

– Access to host-based source without using green-screen

� Interactive syntax checking, color coding

� Debug tools on workstation or remote

� Wizards for creation of connectors to host transactions, database tables

� Source code management on workstation/server or host

�Rational Host Access Transformation Services

IBM Software Group


Agenda


� z/OS Middleware



IBM Software Group


� Most Fortune 1000 companies use a mainframe environment

� 60% of all data available on the Internet is stored on mainframe computers

� Typical usage�Large-scale transaction processing

� Thousands of transactions per second

�Support thousands of users and application programs simultaneously accessing resources

�Terabytes of information in databases

�Large-bandwidth communications

� There are more CICS transactions processed daily than Web pages served

The foundation of modern business!The new world needs Integration with the Core Business Systems!

Who uses mainframes?

IBM Software Group


HW: Involves the use of high-quality components, but also involves extensive self-checking and self-recovery by HW components.SW: Involves extensive testing and quick updates for detected

problems.

IBM Mainframe Quality of Services

� Reliability

� Availability

� Serviceability

� Security

� Scalability

� Continuing compatibility

Is the ability to recover from a failed component without impacting the rest of the running system. This applies to HW recovery (by automatically replacing failed elements with spares) and SW

recovery (through layers of error recovery provided by the OS).

Is the degree to which the IT organization can add capacity without disruption to normal business processes or without incurring

excessive overhead (nonproductive processing)

Is defined as the protection of data against unauthorized access, transfer, modification, or destruction, whether accidental or

intentional..

Allows for the replacement of elements (hardware and software) while impacting as little of the OS as possible. It also implies well-

defined units of replacement, again either HW or SW.

Is the need to support applications of varying ages

IBM Software Group


Architectural differences between platforms

� Different architectures are optimized in different ways� Intel/Windows optimized for low hardware-acquisition costs

�Unix/RISC optimized for compute performance

�System z optimized for maximum throughput

� System z processors have very efficient memory structure with very rapid access to shared cache�Permits efficient context switching and virtualization

� Other differences� I/O handling is a zStrength

�Processors dedicated to I/O

CPU Time Memory Time I/O Time

CPU Busy

CPU Time Memory Time I/O Time

CPU Busy

System z

Others

IBM Software Group


zStack Technologies Value

� Not just a collection of technologies

� A $100 billion dollar investment in an integrated stack …

� Software and hardware designed and optimized to work together to achieve business objectives in demanding customer environments

� Deliver

� Rock-solid transaction processing

� Never goes down

� Unbreakable built-in security

� Ready to go

� Operates at high levels of utilization

� First class virtualization

� Ready to run multiple workloads

� Easy to scale up

� Modern application development tools

� Hub for SOA & Data

� Automated Management

� Low Total Cost of Operation

Application

Execution subsystems

(CICS, IMS, WebSphere)

z/OS

System z architecture

Data subsystems

(DB2, IMS, MQ)

z/Middlew

are

zStack

IBM Software Group


Positioning

Mainframe

MainframeSun, HP, IBM, …

PC

LINUX for System z

“MVS”, z/OSUNIXNT

Enterprise applications Access to centralized data

(Large volume)Mixed Workload

Thousands

High Availability, High VolumeInvestment protection

Security

Operating System

Hardware

Middleware

Applications

Users

IBM Software Group


What Makes the Best Fit for z?

� Leverage classic strengths of the zStack �Highest reliability, application availability & integrity

�Highest I/O bandwidth capabilities

�Flexibility to run disparate workloads concurrently

�Requirement for excellent disaster recovery capabilities

�Tightest security and privacy protection

�Facilities - 15 years ago did you think facilities would be a mainframe strength?

� Shortening end to end path length for applications�Collocation of applications

�Consolidation of applications from distributed servers

�Reduction in network traffic

�Simplification of support model

IBM System z

The premier platform to serve as the

enterprise hub for integration and SOA

IBM Software Group


Industry trends

Regulatory focus on security/compliance

Concerns about withstanding catastrophic events

Collaborative business models requiring deeper integration; Industry consolidations (M&As)

Mounting staff costs have become the dominant aspect of IT costs

Flexibility and time to market for competitive advantage

Emergence of disruptive technologies, e.g. accelerators

Industry processor performance growth slows

24 by 7 access from anywhere on the web

Server sprawl being solved by virtual servers

Cost of power and cooling

System z provides

Enterprise security, encryption

Enterprise business resilience

Hub for integration of Data and Apps

Enterprise wide intelligent management for performance, security, and business resilience; and workload/platform consolidation

Reuse of assets and integration of applications

Workload optimization through integration of accelerators and specialty engines with simplicity

Performance benefits of stack integration

99.999% application availability

The best virtualization technology

Most efficient use of technology

…………………

Why now?

………

IBM Software Group


If you want to learn more

http://www.redbooks.ibm.com

http://www-01.ibm.com/software/fr/os/systemz/

http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/z/

♦ Introduction to the New Mainframe

(SG24-6366)

zos05 - les basiques du mainframe - ibm · mainframe basics. ibm software group © 2009 ibm...

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