zoonotic diseases (1)

8/18/2019 Zoonotic Diseases (1)

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Zoonotic Diseases


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ANTHRAXCaused by Bacillus anthracis

Primarily a disease of herbivores (goats,sheep, cattle, horse, etc.

other a!imals li"e rats are resista!t tothe i!fectio!

Huma!s become i!fected i!cide!tally

by co!tact #ith i!fected a!imals or theirproducts

also "!o#! as $woolsorter’s

disease%


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Bacillus anthracis

&ram positive rods

Have s'uare e!ds a!d are arra!ged i!

lo!g chai!sNo! motile

pores are located i! the ce!ter of bacilli

pores are resista!t to e!viro!me!talcha!ges, #ithsta!d dry heat ) certai!chemical disi!fecta!ts for moderateperiods , ) persist for years i! dry earth


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*ode of tra!smissio!+! a!imals*outh a!d gastroi!testi!al

pores from co!tami!ated soil !d easy access#he! i!gested #ith spi!y or irritati!g vegetatio!

+! huma!s The i!fectio! is usually ac'uired by the e!try of

spores through i!-ured s"i! (cuta!eous a!thra or

rarely the mucous membra!es (gastroi!testi!ala!thra

/r by i!halatio! of spores i!to the lu!g (i!halatio!a!thra


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Cli!ical !di!gs

+! huma!s, approimately 012 of cases are

cuta!eous a!thra a!d 12 are i!halatio!

a!thra

&astroi!testi!al a!thra is very rare

Cuta!eous a!thra ge!erally occurs o!eposed surfaces of the arms or ha!ds,

follo#ed by the fre'ue!cy by the face a!d

!ec"


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A pruritic papule develops 345 days after

e!try of the orga!isms or spores through a

scratch

+!itially, it resembles a! i!sect bite the!

rapidly cha!ges i!to a vesicle or small ri!g

a!d a !ecrotic ulcer develops


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+!cubatio! period

+!halatio! a!thraAs lo!g as 6 #ee"s


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ig!s a!d ymptoms

The early cli!ical ma!ifestatio!s are7*ar"ed hemorrhagic !ecrosis

8demaubster!al pai!

Cough

Adomi!al pai!

9omiti!g

:loody diarrhea


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;iag!ostic uoresce!ce stai!i!gtech!i'ues

8


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Treatme!t*a!y a!tibiotics are e?ective agai!st a!thra i!

huma!s, but treatme!t must be started early

Cipro>oaci! is recomme!ded for treatme!t

Pe!icilli! &, ge!tamici!, or streptomyci! has

previously bee! used to treat a!thra


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Preve!tio! ) Co!trol

Co!trol measures i!clude7;isposal of a!imal carcasses by bur!i!g or by

deep burial o! lime pits

;eco!tami!atio! (usually by autoclavi!g of

a!imal productsProtective clothi!g a!d gloves for ha!dli!g

pote!tially i!fected materials

Active immu!i@atio! of domestic a!imals #ith live

atte!uated vacci!esPerso!s #ith high occupatio!al ris" should be

immu!i@ed


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FOOT & MOUTHDISEASE

Aphthovirus o cattle


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Highly i!fectious disease of clove!4

hoofed a!imals such as cattle, sheep,

pigs, a!d goats

The disease i! a!imals is highly

co!tagious i! the early stages of

i!fectio! #he! viremia is prese!t.

8creted materials are i!fectious for

lo!g periods


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ig!s ) ymptoms=ever

alivatio!

9esiculatio! of the mucous membra!es

of the orophary! a!d of the s"i! of

palms, soles, !gers, a!d toes


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Preve!tio!*ethods of co!trol of the disease are

dictated by its high degree of

co!tagious!ess a!d the resista!ce of

the virus to i!activatio!.

uara!ti!e the herd a!d vacci!ate all

u!a?ected a!imals.


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The typical disease ca! be reproduced by

i!oculati!g the virus i!to the pads of the foot.

=ormali!4treated vacci!es have bee!

prepared from virus gro#! i! tissue cultures,

but such vacci!es do !ot produce lo!g

lasti!g4lasti!g immu!ity.

Ne# vacci!es are bei!g developed based o!

recombi!a!t ;NA tech!i'ues.


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!I"D F#U


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zoonotic diseases (1)

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