zoonotic disease: what you don’t know actually … · leptospirosis how is it spread? contact...
TRANSCRIPT
WHO AM I?
Daniel J. Gray, DVM
VP of Gentle Vet Animal Hospital and Cat Care Clinic
Medical Director, Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary
920.435.5000
IMPORTANT
DEFINITIONS
Aerosol transmission: means spread of a disease by breathing it in to the respiratory tract
Fecal-oral transmission: means spread of a disease through oral contact with fecal material or a substance that has been contaminated with feces
Immunocompromised: means weakened immune system (eg. Very young, very old, AIDS patients, transplant patients, cancer patients)
Zoonotic disease: means a disease of animals that also infects humans.
RABIES
• What is it?
• It is a rhabdovirus that is spread by infected animal saliva
and possibly in the feces of certain species (little brown
bat)
RABIES
• What does it do to animals?
• Furious
• Aggressive
• Bites anything that gains it’s attention
• Inability to swallow
• Encephalitis
• Paralysis
• Then death
• Dumb
• Inability to swallow
• Encephalitis
• Paralysis
• Death
RABIES
• What does it do to humans?
• Same as animals
Important note: Over the last 100 years, rabies in the United
States has changed dramatically. More than 90% of all animal
cases reported annually to CDC now occur in WILDLIFE; before
1960 the majority were in domestic animals. The principal rabies
hosts today are wild carnivores and bats.
RABIES
• What can we do to prevent it?
• If in contact w/ animals or wildlife on a regular basis =
have the rabies prophy series
• Vaccinate all at risk animals when reasonable
• Avoid getting bit
• Avoid inhalation of guano
INFLUENZA
What does it do to humans?
-Cough, sore throat, runny nose
-Muscle ache
-Extreme Fatigue
-Paves the way for life threatening complications
INFLUENZA
How do I prevent it?
- When handling suspect birds (or all birds) use
proper PPE
-Cover nose and mouth with mask
-Possible “suite” protective gear if certain strains
suspected
-Vaccination?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
• What is it?
• Bacteria that is spread by contact of contaminated fluids
or water,
• This bacteria presumably can burrow through normal
skin!
LEPTOSPIROSIS
How is it spread?
Contact with urine (or other body fluids, except
saliva) from infected animals.
Contact with water, soil, or food contaminated with
the urine of infected animals.
LEPTOSPIROSIS
• What does it do to our patients?
• Sudden death with no signs• Fever
• Liver/kidney failure
• Pain and reluctance to move
LEPTOSPIROSIS
• How to prevent it?
• Early diagnosis of our patients
• Strict isolation and personal protection protocol
• Avoid flood water
• Treatment with antibiotics
ROUNDWORMS
What is it?
A nematode worm spread by fecal oral contamination,
as well as infect animals through the placenta or milk
ROUNDWORMS
What does it do to animals?
Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort,
Rarely bowel perforation
Unthriftiness
ROUNDWORMS
What does it do to people
Causes ‘creeping eruptions”
Worms burrow under the skin in search of a proper
host causing terrific allergic reaction
Visceral larval migrans
Crawls into organs (eye, liver, brain) and can
cause irreparable damage to the invaded organ
(usually in children)
ROUNDWORMS
What can we do about it?
Good worming protocols
Routine fecal checks
Good fecal hygiene at the owner’s homes
Good personal hygiene when handling feces
SEOUL VIRUS
How is it Spread?
Particles are present in saliva, feces and urine
The feces/urine/saliva dries
Disturbed dried particles then are aerosolized
You can also get the virus with urine/feces/saliva
contact in open wounds
SEOUL VIRUS
What does it do to Humans?
In many cases it causes no symptoms or just mild flu-
like symptoms however
In some cases it causes hemorrhagic fever or renal
failure
SEOUL VIRUS
How is it prevented?
If you can’t avoid contact with rodents then:
Use respiratory and skin ppe