Zoonotic cestode infections: Emphasis on Neurocysticercosis

and Hydatidosis

Zoonotic cestode infections: Emphasis on Neurocysticercosis

and Hydatidosis Aquil Mohmad

M-5527 M.V.Sc Scholar

Diseases and infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and human.

(WHO)

Cestode zoonoses are emerging and spreading worldwide and are classified as neglected zoonotic diseases .

Asia currently has the greatest burden of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and cysticercosis   .

( Xiaoning et al 2013)

Sparganosis Hymenolepises Coenuriasis Diphyllobothriasis Cysticercosis

Echinococcosis Bertieliasis Dipylidiasis Inermicapsifer infection

First described by Patrick Manson in 1882 from china

Caused by plerocercoid larvae of Pseudophyllidea tape worms of the genus Spirometra

.

Painful subconjunctival horseshoe shaped swelling around the limbus in the superior part of the bulbar conjunctiva with surrounding chemosis and congestion

( R. Nath  2015)

larvae can lodge in the brain parenchyma or spinal cord producing seizures, headache, hemiparesis, paralysis even death .

Spargana worms

.

Theodor Bilharz (1851) first discovered H. nana in small intestine of an Egyptian male

In India it is an important emerging disease of the

central nervous system second to tuberculosis ( B.B. Singh 2010 )

It is the single most common cause of epilepsy in the developing countries

It is common in communities where pigs are allowed to roam freely and the basic sanitary facilities are lacking .

( K N Prasad et al 2008)

Areas suggested to be highly endemicAreas suggested to be moderatelyAreas with no or very few casesAreas with no available report

Scolex

Adult Taenia solium

Three most common sites ofinfection in human (primary host)1. Brain (Neurocysticercosis)2. Muscles (Cysticercosis)3. Intestine (Taeniasis

Eggs

Onchosphere

hatches,

penetrate

intestinal wall

and ciruculate to

musculature of

pig (intermediate

host

Ingestion of raw vegetables,fruits, salad contaimnated with eggs

Consumption ofinfected pork

Cysticerci1

2

3

(Pratibhi, 2011)

(Monika Sharma et al , 2013 )

(Monika Sharma ;2013)

Sheep strain (G1) is the most cosmopolitan form and is that most commonly associated with human infections.

Usually one cyst present Cyst location

◦ 60 to 70% in liver◦ 20 to 25% in lungs

WHO Type Cyst Morphology

Unilocular anechoic lesion with double line containing hydatid sand.

Multiseptated rosette like honeycomb cyst

Cyst with detached membrane (waterlily sign)

Cyst with daughter cysts in solid matrix

Cyst with heterogenous hypoechoic hyperechoic contents.

no daughter cysts

Solid and calcified wall

CE 1

CE 2

CE 3A

CE 3B

CE 4

CE 5

Thank you

Thank you