zoo 115 invertebrate zoology subphylum crustacea

ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology

Subphylum Crustacea

http://www.mov.vic.gov.au/crust/lobbiol.html

Arthropoda – Subphylum Crustacea

~ 42,000 species Major trophic link between

primary producers (phytoplankton) and higher level consumers

Mostly aquatic Three part brain Two pair of antennae

Tactile Chemosensory

Many legs Mostly separate sexes

Antennae

Subphylum Crustacea

Shrimps and shrimp-like animals

Subphylum Crustacea

Lobsters and crawfish

Subphylum Crustacea

Crabs

Class Branchiopoda Order Anostraca Can tolerate desiccation and high

salinity 15-30 mm in length Elongate shrimp-like bodies without

a carapace Have stalked compound eyes Most are suspension feeders

Swim ventral side up Use their thoracic appendages for

capturing food particles Food is passed to a central groove,

encased in mucus and moved forward to mouth.

Gonochoric Nauplius larvae

http://meso.spawar.navy.mil/Newsltr/Images/fairyshrimp.jpg

Fairy shrimp

http://www.gslyc.org/images/FAQ/ARTEM2.jpg

Brine Shrimphttp://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Arthropods/Images/nauplius.jpg

Nauplius larvae

Class BranchiopodaOrder Notostraca

Tadpole shrimps None occur in oceans Feed on organic matter in

sediments; some are predators or scavengers

Characteristic broad shield-like carapace and long caudal rami

Triops considered a major pest in rice fields http://www.museumonline.at/2000/bratislava/

aqua/AquaSlowakisch/TriopsSite/Triops.JPG

Order NotostracaTriops (tadpole shrimp)

Class BranchiopodaOrder Diplostraca Clam shrimps and

cladocerans Mostly freshwater Scavengers, predators,

detritivores, and suspension feeders

Well developed clam-like carapace

All have a dorsal organ that could function as: Salt gland Neck Gland Adhesion

Swim with their powerful second antenna

http://www.gpmatthews.nildram.co.uk/animalcules/D_pulex_09.jpg

CladoceraDaphnia (water flea)

ConchostracaClam shrimp

http://homepage.univie.ac.at/erich.eder/UZK/bilder/et1.jpg

Class BranchiopodaOrder Diplostraca

Sexes Hermaphroditism Gonochorism

Type of reproduction Monosexual -

Parthenogenesis Bisexual reproduction -

normal sexual reproduction Eggs

Summer - thin-shelled Winter - resting

Normal conditions Females make eggs that

hatch without fertilization and become females (2N)

When environmentally stressed Females produce eggs that

hatch into haploid males. Once the males become

mature, the Cladocerans can reproduce sexually.

Parthenogenesis in Cladocera

Cladoceran – reproductive strategies



Population all females

Stable conditions

Egg

Produces Female identical to adult

Cladoceran – reproductive strategies



Population all females

Produces Male

Egg

Produces Female

Unstable conditions

Swims to new area

Mates with female

Produces new females but different genetically from adult

Subphylum CrustaceaClass Malacostraca

Number of segments http://mainegovmages.informe.org/dmr/rm/aquarium/

teachers_guide/lobster_dorsal_view.jpghttp://mainegov-images.informe.org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/lobster_dorsal_view.jpg

Appendages Head - sensory and

feeding Thoracic - crawling

or grasping Abdominal (unique to this

Class and Remipedia) - swimming and copulation

Abdomen - 6* Telson - 1

Head - 5 Thorax - 8*

* Usually

Antenna

MaxillipedMandiblePleopod

Telson

Class MalacostracaOrder Stomatopoda

Mantis shrimps Specialized predators No cephalothorax

Head, thorax and abdomen

Two large stalked compound eyes and a third medial naupliar eye

http://www.dpo.uab.edu/~acnnnghm/BY255L/BY255LImages/Arthropoda/Squillaempusa-1.jpg

Stalked compound eye

naupliar eye

Class MalacostracaOrder Stomatopoda

Triramous antennae

Specialized prehensile raptorial claws

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/malacostraca/eumalacostraca/stomatopodamm.html

Has abdominal gills like isopods

Enormous digestive cecum

Very well developed heart and hemal system

Class Malacostraca Order Euphausiacea

Krill All pelagic Major source of

food for whales, squids and fishes

Thoracic gills external to carapace

http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Eistour/krill-d.html

Feeding basket

Carid Shrimp

http://www.crustacea.net/crustace/images/caride-3.gif

Class MalacostracaOrder Decapoda

Shrimp-like IO Caridea (shrimp) SO Dendrobranciata SF

Penaeoidae (prawns) IO Stenopodidea

http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0726E/t0726e0o.gif

Carid Shrimp

Penaeid Shrimphttp://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/efh/gom-efh/pazte.gif

Note than third segment is NOT on top of segments 2 and 4

StenopodideaCleaner shrimp

http://www.uh.edu/engines/lobsteranatomy.jpg

Lobster-like IO Astacidea (lobster) IO Palinura (spiny and

slippery lobster) IO Thalassinidea (ghost

shrimp)

Astacidea - First three periopods chelate

http://www.fa.gov.tw/eng/illustrated/images/a64a.gif

Palinura – note that the first three periopods are NOT chelate

http://www.mov.vic.gov.au/crust/images/crusties/other1/z0000249.jpg

Thalassinidea – Ghost shrimp Phyllosoma larve

http://www.msu.edu/course/isb/202/ebertmay/drivers/Phyllosoma.jpg

Crab-like IO Brachyura (True

crabs)

http://www.njscuba.net/biology/sw_crabs.html

Brachyura

Note that the fifth pleopod is easily visible

http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/kodiak/images/photo/crabak_herm.jpg

Anomura – hermit crab

http://www.scielo.br/img/fbpe/rbbio/v59n1/a09f5.gif

Anomura – note 5th pleopod is greatly reduced and not readily visible

http://www.blue-crab.net/zoea.gifAnomuran Porcelain crab zoea

IO Anomura


Feeding 6 pair of feeding

appendages 1 pr Mandibles 2 pr Maxillae 3 pr Maxillipeds

Most predators and/or scavengers, some suspension feeders, some detritivores, some herbivores, some onmivores

http://www.uh.edu/engines/lobsteranatomy.jpg


Internal anatomy

http://mainegov-images.informe.org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/lobster_internal_anatomy.jpg

http://www.vims.edu/adv/ed/crab/guts20b.jpg

Up to 24 pair of gills


Sense organs Legs Antennae

1st

Stalked compound eye

http://www.indigo.com/software/gphpcd/zoo73-76.html


Chromatophores Shrimps especially

good at changing color

http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/Chromat.gif


Reproduction Most separate sexes (gonochoric) Sperm transfer – indirect

(spermatophores) Many have copulation

Bachyurans may block fertilization for up to a year following copulation


Lobster Life cycle

http://mainegov-images.informe.org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/lobster_internal_anatomy.jpg

Planktonic larvae of the spiny lobster Phyllosoma larvae


Crab Life cycle

http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/crabs/stock_enhance/fig4.gif

Class Malacostraca Order Mysida

Mysid shrimps Most 2-30 mm

Gnathophausia - 35 cm

Omnivorous suspension feeders

Well developed carapace and tail fan

http://entomology.tfrec.wsu.edu/pearent/images/misc/Crustacea/mysid.gif

Class Malacostraca Order Isopoda

Isopods, pill bugs ~10,000 sp 0.5 – 50 cm Virtually all

habitats Flattened dorso-

ventrally

bioephemera.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/380353_028542ead3.jpg

Class Malacostraca Order Amphipoda

Amphipods ~8000 sp. 1mm-25 cm In almost every

habitat Flattened

laterally Carapace absent Gills thoracic

Gammarid Amphipods

Caprellid amphipod

Lives in a Salp

Hyperiidea amphipod

zoo 115 invertebrate zoology subphylum crustacea

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