zone and polygon menus:

Zone and Polygon Menus:

Shengdong Zhao

Maneesh Agrawala

Ken Hinckley

Using Relative Position to Increase the Breadth of Multi-Stroke Marking Menus

Marking MenusCompound-stroke Marking Menus[Kurtenbach and Buxton, 1993]

Compound-stroke Marking Menus

Novice Mode


Novice Mode Expert Mode


Novice Mode


Advantages [Kurtenbach and Buxton, 1993]

Seamless novice to expert transition

3.5 x faster than linear menus

Scale invariance

=


Limitations – Error Rate [Kurtenbach and Buxton, 1993]

Breadth/depth & speed/accuracy trade-off

8


Limitations – Error Rate [Kurtenbach and Buxton, 1993]

Breadth/depth/speed/accuracy trade-off

8 8x8

Marking MenusCompound-stroke Marking Menus[Kurtenbach and Buxton, 1993]

Multi-stroke Marking Menus [Zhao and Balakrishnan, 2004]

Multi-stroke Marking Menu

Novice Mode


Novice Mode

Multi-stroke Marking Menus

Advantages [Zhao and Balakrishnan, 2004]

Faster, more accurate

Space efficient

Increase hierarchy depth

8x8x8

Multi-stroke Marking Menus

Limitations

Breadth limit remains

8

Observations – Word Menu

File: 15 Submenu Items


Tools: 17 Submenu Items


Average breadth: 13.7 itemsMinimum breadth: Window (4 items)Maximum breadth: Tools (17 items)

Limitations - Breadth

Limitations - Breadth

Group 2

Grp 1

Grp 2

Grp 3

Grp 4Grp 6

Grp 5

Grp 7

Grp 8

Save

Save As

Save

Novice Expert

Level-1 Level-2

Geometric Design Space

orientationlength

position

origin


orientation

position

origin


orientation

position

origin

Compound-stroke Marking MenusMulti-stroke Marking Menus


orientation

position

origin

Compound-stroke Marking MenusMulti-stroke Marking Menus

Orientation-based Marking Menus


orientation

position

origin

Relative Position

Input Area

Relative location + orientation

Input Area

Scale Independent

Zone Menus

Polygon Menu

Input Area

Orientation-based Polygon

Polygon Menu

Zone vs. Polygon

• Stroke directions

Zone

Zone vs. Polygon

• Strokes directions

PolygonZone

Polygon vs. Zone

• Parallel strokes• Zone arrangement

Zone

Polygon vs. Zone

• Parallel strokes• Zone arrangement

PolygonZone

Evaluation

• Breadth > 8

Evaluation

• Breadth > 8• Breadth 12

Orientation12

Zone12

Polygon12

Evaluation

• Breadth > 8• Breadth 12, 12×12

Orientation12×12

Zone12×12

Polygon12×12

Evaluation

• Breadth > 8• Breadth 12, 12×12• Breadth 16

Orientation16

Zone16

Polygon16

Evaluation

• Breadth > 8 • Breadth 12×12• Breadth 16

Orientation16

Zone16

Polygon16

Evaluation

• Breadth > 8 • Breadth 12, 12×12 • Breadth 16 (4×4)

Orientation4×4

Zone16

Polygon16

Evaluation

• Breadth > 8 • Breadth 12, 12×12 • Breadth 16 (4×4), 16×16

Orientation16×16

Zone16×16

Polygon16×16

Evaluation

• Breadth > 8• Breadth 12, 12×12 • Breadth 16 (4×4), 16×16 (8×8×4)

Orientation8×8×4

Zone16×16

Polygon16×16

Experiment Setup

Experiment 1 Video Clip

Dependent Variables

Start Stimulus

Dependent Variables

Start Stimulus

Start Drawing

Dependent Variables

Start Stimulus

Start Drawing

Reaction Time

Dependent Variables

Start Stimulus

Start Drawing

End Drawing

Reaction Time

Execution Time

Dependent Variables

Start Stimulus

Start Drawing

End Drawing

Reaction Time

Execution Time

Total Time +

Dependent Variables

Start Stimulus

Start Drawing

End Drawing

Reaction Time

Execution Time

Total Time +

Accuracy

Result – 12, 144 Items

Orientation Zone Polygon

12

12×12

Accuracy – 12, 144 Items


Technique (F2,16=15.71, p<.01). (87.1%)


Technique (F2,16=15.71, p<.01). (87.1%)

(97.7%)

(98.2%)


Technique (F2,16=15.71, p<.01). (87.1%)

(97.7%)

(98.2%)

Technique x Depth Interaction(F2,16=15.71, p<.01).

Time – 12, 144 Items

Reaction


Reaction Execution

Execution Time

Orientation12

Zone & Polygon12

is faster than


Reaction Execution Total

Result – 16 Items


4×4

8×8×4

16

16×16

Result – 16, 256 Items


4×4

8×8×4

16

16×16


Reaction Execution Total

Time

Orientation4×4

Zone & Polygon16

Orientation8×8×4

Zone & Polygon16×16

is slower than

is slower than

Experiment 2

Input Area

Small Input Area

Experiment 2

origin

Input Area

Small Input Area

Experiment 2 Video Clip

Result – Experiment 2

• Zone and Polygon menu has faster execution time (12, 144 items)

Experiment 1 Experiment 2

Summary

• Exceeding breadth-8• Zone and Polygon Menus

Summary


• Breadth-depth tradeoff• faster than

Summary


• Breadth-depth tradeoff• faster than • faster than

Summary



• Zone vs. Polygon• Polygon slightly faster, more accurate

Summary



• Zone vs. Polygon• Polygon slightly faster, more accurate• Zone scale to 32

Summary



• Zone vs. Polygon• Polygon slightly faster, more accurate• Zone scale to 32 • Polygon [9-16], Zone [17-32]

Summary



• Zone vs. Polygon• Polygon slightly faster, more accurate• Zone scale to 32 • Polygon [9-16], Zone [17-32]

• Hybrid Menus

Future Work

• Longitudinal study

Future Work

• Longitudinal study• Support motor impaired users

Small Input Area EdgeWrite[Wobbrock et al. 2003]

Future Work

• Longitudinal study• Support motor impaired users • Explore

• Curvature• Velocity/acceleration• Pen tilt

Acknowledgment

Ed Cutrell, Patrick Baudisch, Mary Czerwinski, Michael McGuffin,Mark Chignell, Anna Malandrino, Alvin Chin, Annie Xu

Thank You! Questions?

zone and polygon menus:

Documents

itemsminimum breadth

itemsmaximum breadth

polygon menus

observations word menufile

linear menusscale invariance

seamless novice

expert transition3