zigbee 칩개발동향cfs9.tistory.com/upload_control/download.blog?fhandle=ymxvzzeyo… ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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CONFIDENTIAL 1
ZigBee 칩 개발동향
조인영
RadioPulse Inc.
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CONFIDENTIAL 2
목차
v 시장 및 기술환경
v 주요 칩 개요
v 경쟁기술비교
v 별첨n 산업발전동향
n ZigBee 기술개요
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CONFIDENTIAL 3
시장 및 기술환경
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CONFIDENTIAL 4
Market Challenges
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CONFIDENTIAL 5
ZigBee Alliance Member
Membership Category 업체수
Promoter Semiconductor 4
OEM/Service Provider 10
Tools 1
SUB 15
Participant Semiconductor 16
OEM/Service Provider 36
Design House 30
ZigBee stack 4
Tools 18
Hardware/Module 17
Utility/Energy Provider 16
SUB 137
Adopter Semiconductor 2
OEM/Service Provider 42
Design House 26
ZigBee stack
Tools 26
Hardware/Module 19
Utility/Energy Provider 4
Installer/Distributor 1
sub 120
Total 272
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CONFIDENTIAL 6
칩 개발 동향 및 기술과제
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CONFIDENTIAL 7
ZigBee Chip 개발동향
2004년 2005년 2006년2003년 2007년
Transceiver
RF, Modem, MAC HW일부
Single Chip화
RF, Modem, MAC HW, MCU, ADC, ..→RaioPulse, Chipcon, Ember, Jennic등
SiP화
→ Freescale
ApplicationSpecific
Chip
LowCost
저전력화
저가격화
소형화
SoC
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CONFIDENTIAL 8
3rd Generation
2nd Generation
1st Generation
Chip Roadmap
2.4GHz Transceiver
MCU
Application
2.4GHz Transceiver
8/16/32MCU
CC2420
CC2430
MG2400
JN5129
EM250
CC2480
MG245X
EM260
JN5139
Low Power Transceiver
8-bitMCU
8/16/32-bitApplication Processor
Low powerTransceiver
8/16/32MCU
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CONFIDENTIAL 9
Technical Challenges
v Coexistence & avoiding interference n 주파수 간섭 / 동일채널 간섭
n Frequency agility
v Low power consumption with fast connectionn Sleep & stand-by current for battery-powered device
v Standard compliance ? n Adaptive data rate
u High data rate Telecom Application
u Low data rate for control & monitoring
n Reliable large volume network support u Optimized stack software
u More memory requirement
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CONFIDENTIAL 10
Technical Requirements
v Application – Specific
v High Data Rates up-to 2Mbps or more (Voice/Audio/Video)
v Low-Power Consumption for battery powered & CE devices
v Low-Cost & Small-Size for Easier Adoption)
v User Friendly Networking & Application
v Security & QoS Service
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CONFIDENTIAL 11
기술요구사항 (1): High Data Rates
v 요구사항n DYRVoice/Audio/Video 등의 멀티미디어 데이터 무선 전송을 위해 HDR 요구
v Application 별 필요 대역n Mobile Hands-Free : 128Kbpsn Mobile Audio/MP3 Streaming : 450Kbpsn Mobile Video Streaming : 450Kbps
v 기대 효과n Streaming & Sharing ( 1:N 음악 청취)n Game Plug & Playn Integrated Wireless terminal
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CONFIDENTIAL 12
기술요구사항 (2) : Low-Power
v 요구사항n 동작시간 및 제품 디자인 소형화 요구에 따라 RF 동작/대기 모드의 전류소모 최소화
v 응용분야n AMR
n Mobile Applications
n 정보가전
v 기대 효과n 전류 소모 축소로 인한 동작 시간 연장
n 소형/소 용량 배터리 사용에 따른 제품 디자인의 유연성 증가
n Mobile Accessory 등 응용 분야 확대
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CONFIDENTIAL 13
기술요구사항 (3): Low-Cost
v 요구사항n 기술 대체를 위한 대체비용의 최소화
n IR to RF 전환n IC 설계의 최적화 및 안정적 양산을 통한 제조단가 최적화
v 기대 효과n 기술채용 비용 인하에 따른 응용시장 확대n 양산 확대에 따른 제조단가로 이어지는 선순환 구조 실현
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CONFIDENTIAL 14
기술요구사항(4) : Optimized Networking
v 요구사항n Application별 Network Topology 지원
n ZigBee Stack / IEEE 802.15.4 MAC / ZigBee-lite Network
v 응용분야n Application 별 ZigBee Networking topology 세분화
n Data Sharing : 1:1 star, peer-to-peer network
n Gaming : N:N peer-to-peer network
n Voice : 1:1 star network
n Audio : 1:1 star network
n Audio broadcasting : 1:N star network
n Healthcare & push-marekting: 1:N or 1:1 star network
v 기대 효과n 빠른 기술 대응에 따른 Time-to-Market 기술지원 -> 시장 확대
n 응용 분야별 최적의 네트워크 토폴로지 지원을 통해 서비스의 신뢰성 향상
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CONFIDENTIAL 15
기술요구사항(5): Security & QoS
v 요구사항n 무선 네트워크의 보안 위험에 대처하는 신뢰성 있는 보안 Suite 제공n IEEE 802.15.4 및 ZigBee 에서 제공하는 암호화/KEY전송/인증알고리즘을 통해 보다
안전한 무선 데이터 통신 서비스 제공
v Application 별 Security Requirementn Gaming : 사용자 인증n Voice /Audio : NONEn Audio Broadcasting : 사용자 인증n E-health / e-commerce : 사용자 인증/데이터 암호화
v 기대 효과n 안전한 데이터 전송 지원을 통한 응용 분야 확대(Ticketing/Payment..)n Security 기능 탐재를 통한 무선 보안 실현
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CONFIDENTIAL 16
설계시 고려사항
v Standard Compliant? n Frequency band ?
u 2.4GHz vs. 8/900MHz
u Sub-1GHz
n Data rate ?
v Cost ? n Embedded Processor ?
u 8/16/32-bit
n Memory size ?
u Data memory
u Program memory
n Hardwired level ?u 802.15.4 MAC
v Specific application support ?n Audio / PC Peripheral / VoIP ….
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CONFIDENTIAL 17
주요 ZigBee 칩개요
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CONFIDENTIAL 18
주요 ZigBee Chip 현황
FeaturesFeaturesRadioPulseRadioPulse
MG2455MG2455
TITI
CC2480CC2480
EmberEmber
EM250EM250
JennicJennic
JN5139JN5139
Frequency 2.4GHz
MCU 8051 8051 16-Bit 32-Bit RISC
Operation Voltage 1.5 2.0 1.8 1.8
Sensitivity (dBm) -98 -92 -97 -97
Max Tx Power (dBm) +8 0 +5 +3
Rx Current (mA) 30 27 35.5 34
Tx Current (0dBm, mA) 31 27 35.5 34
Tx Current (+8dBm, mA) 45mA PA PA PA
Data Rate(kbps)250
500/1000250 250 250
Embedded Flash(KB) 96 128 128192
External ROM required
Data memory (RAM, KB) 88 8 8 ~ 96
Package5*5mm5*5mm7272--pinpin
7*7mm
48-pin
7*7mm
48-pin
8*8mm
56-pin
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CONFIDENTIAL 19
IEEE 802.15.4MAC
8-bit MCU
Chip selection guide
16/32-bitProcessor
MG2455
MG2450
CC2430
JN5139
External Application Processor
CC2420
CC2480
MSP430
EM260
External Processor
AVR128MSP430
EM250
MG2400
CC2420
AVR128MSP430
Cost & Memory Requirement
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CONFIDENTIAL 20
FeaturesFeatures MG245XMG245X
Frequency band 2.4GHz
Number of channels 16
Data rate 250K/500K/1Mbps
Max output power +8 dBm
Sensitivity -98 dBm
Core Operation Voltage 1.5 V
Rx Current 32 mA
Tx (0dBm) Current 31 mA
Sleep mode current 0.3 uA
Flash Memory 96 KB
Data Memory 8 KB
Interface UART(1Mbps), SPI, I2S, GPIO
Operating Temperature -40 ~ 85
MG2450-B72 MG2455-F48
I2S/2
UART/2
SPI
WDT
GPIO/24
Timer/4
PWM/2
a-lawu-law
Voice FIFO
DMA
MAC
AESEngine
Modem
RF TX
RF RX
PLL
MCU(8051)
FLASH96KB
DATA8KB
ROM
Temp.Sensor
BatMonitor
ADC(4CH)
RegulatorRC
OscillatorPOR
ClockPLL
QuadCodec
Key Scan
주요업체(1)_RadioPulse/MG245X
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CONFIDENTIAL 21
2.4GHzRF Transmitter
FrequencySynthesizer
2.4GHzRF Receiver
802.15.4802.15.4Base BandBase Band
ModemModem
802.15.4MAC
Program Memory(64KB / SRAM)
8051 Core
ADCData Memory
(4KB)ROM GPIO
Timer
UART
RTC
POR
AES-128
FeaturesFeatures MG2400MG2400
Frequency band 2.4GHz
Number of channels 16
Data rate 250K/500K/1Mbps
Max output power +5 dBm
Sensitivity -98 dBm
Core Operation Voltage 1.5 V
Rx Current 26 mA
Tx (0dBm) Current 27 mA
Sleep mode current < 9 uA with external Regulator
Program Memory 64 KB internal RAM
Data Memory 4 KB
Operating Temperature -40 ~ 85
주요업체(1)_RadioPulse/MG2400
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CONFIDENTIAL 22
주요업체(2)_TI/CC2430
FeaturesFeatures CC2430CC2430
Operation Frequency 2.4GHz
MCU 8051
Operating Voltage 1.8V
Vcc 2.0 ~ 3.6 V
Sensitivity -94dBm
TX Power 0dBm
Current Consumption27mA @ Rx
25mA @ Tx (0dBm)
Data Rate 250Kbps
ZigBee Stack S/W Zstack(Figure8)
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CONFIDENTIAL 23
주요업체(2)_TI/CC2480
FeaturesFeatures CC2480CC2480
Frequency(Min)(MHz) 2400
Frequency(Max)(MHz) 2483.5
Operating Voltage(Min)(V) 2.0
Operating Voltage(Max)(V) 3.6
Pin/Package 48QFN
Modulation Techniques DSSS
Operating Temp Range(Celsius) -40 to 85
Current Consumption (RX)(mA) 27
Current Consumption (TX)(mA) 27
Output Power (dBm) 0
Frequency Resolution(MHz) 5
Data Rate(Max)(kbps) 250
Data Buffering Yes
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CONFIDENTIAL 24
주요업체(3)_Ember/EM250
Frequency MCU Flash RAMRx
Sensitivity
Tx
Power
Rx
Current
Tx
CurrentVoltage Package
2400 ~ 2485MHz
16-bit
(12MHz)128KB 5KB -97dBm -32 ~ 4dBm 35.5mA 33mA 2.1~3.6 QFN48
MAC+PHY
EmberZNet STACK
USER APPLICATION
PHYSICAL RADIO (PHY)
MEDIUM ACCESS (MAC)
APP APP … ZDO
NWK
APS
SSP
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CONFIDENTIAL 25
주요업체(3)_Ember/EM260
Frequency MCU Flash RAMRx
Sensitivity
Tx
Power
Rx
Current
Tx
CurrentVoltage Package
2400 ~ 2485MHz
16-bit
(12MHz)128KB 5KB -97dBm -32 ~ 4dBm 26mA 27mA 2.1~3.6 QFN40
USER APPLICATION
MAC+PHY
EmberZNet STACK
PHYSICAL RADIO (PHY)PHYSICAL RADIO (PHY)
MEDIUM ACCESS (MAC)MEDIUM ACCESS (MAC)
APP APP … ZDO
NWK
APS
SSP
ANYPROCESSOR
SPI, UART
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CONFIDENTIAL 26
주요업체(4)_JENNIC /JN5121/5139
Features JN5121 JN5139
Frequency 2.4GHz 2.4GHz
MCU 32-Bit RISC 32-Bit RISC
Operating Voltage 2.2~3.6V 2.2~3.6V
Sensitivity -93dBm -97dBm
TX Power +1dBm +3dBm
Current Consumption< 50mA @ Rx
< 40mA @ Tx
34mA @ Rx
34mA @ Tx
Memory 96KB/RAM
64KB/ROM
8~96KB/RAM
192KB/ROM
Data Rate 250Kbps 250Kbps
ZigBee Stack S/W 3rd Party 3rd Party
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CONFIDENTIAL 27
ZigBee 무선네트워크모듈
원격검침모듈
ZigBee Module 모듈 개발 동향
Source from ZigBee IC 개발동향, 소완섭, 삼성전기 & ibitworld.com
ZigBee RF Module
Application Specific Module/Node
IPv6 USN Node구분 설명
하드웨어
소형화 (Ex. 10 * 10 mm with Sensor)
응용모듈화(RF+센서)
System in Package
Interface
UART, RS232
SDIO, CF
USB
TCP/IP
소프트웨어
AT Commands
Hybrid Connectivity Bridge (ZigBee to PLC, ZigBee to RS485)
OTA (Over the Air)
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CONFIDENTIAL 28
ZigBee 미래 솔루션 전망 (1)
ZigBee-USIM Card
v 주요특징
n ZigBee USIM Card ( ZigBee + USIM)
n 표준 SIM 인터페이스(ISO7816)를
이용한 ZigBee 무선 통신 기능 지원
n 하드웨어 변경 없이 장착 가능
v Potential Services
n Mobile Network Game
n Mobile 무선 데이터 통신 모뎀
n Hot-spot marketing (pull & push)
n Security ID
n Mobile Payment
Specifications
• 2.4GHz ZigBee+USIM Card
• ISO7816 Interface compliant
• Communication coverage: ~ 50 m
• Data rate: 250Kbps and 1Mbps
• Operation voltage : 3V
• Size: 1.5 * 2.5 (SIM Card Size)
• Operation temperature: -40 ~ +85
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CONFIDENTIAL 29
ZigBee 칩 단가 전망
ZigBee 칩셋 출하량 & ASP
642 4,00010,500
29,500
75,000
135,000
235,000$6.35
$5.60
$4.40
$3.52
$2.85
$2.35
$2.15
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
년도
(단위 : 천개, US $)
$0
$1
$2
$3
$4
$5
$6
$7
출하량ASP
출처 : In-Stat(2006. 8)
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CONFIDENTIAL 30
Application Development Planning
Design Concept Hardware 고려사항 RF 고려사항
•What kind of ZigBee Device?
•Network Topology?
•Exist Host Processor?
•What Kind of Host Processors?
•Target Number of ZigBee Node?
•Data Rate?
•Power and Battery Life?
•Target distance
①Tx Power with PA or Not
•Using GPIO or Not
•UART & Baud rate, Stop bit
•Power Management
①Constant Power
②Battery
③Wake up time and Sleep time
•External Antenna
①Dipole Antenna
②Helical Antenna
③Chip Antenna
•Pattern Antenna
•Matching Circuit
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CONFIDENTIAL 31
경쟁기술비교
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CONFIDENTIAL 32
ZigBee vs. Wi-Fi와 Bluetooth
Market Name Wi-Fi™ Bluetooth™ ZigBee™
Standard 802.11b 802.15.1 802.15.4
Application Focus Web, Email, Video Cable Replacement Monitoring & Control
System Resources 1MB+ 250KB+ 32KB - 64KB
Battery Life (days) .5 - 5 1 - 7 65,532
Network Size 32 7 100s to 1000s
Bandwidth 11M 3M 20 – 250K
Range (meters) 1 - 100 1 - 10+ 1 - 100+
Network Topology Star Star Star, Tree, Mesh
Optimized For SpeedRechargeable Battery,
ConvenienceReliability, Low Power, Low Cost, Scalability
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CONFIDENTIAL 33
BluetoothWiFiZigBee
ZigBee vs. WiFi, Bluetooth
PowerConsumption
Comm.Coverage
Fast Pairing
Network Volume
Data RateNetwork Topology
BOM
MobileApplication
Wireless InternetWireless Multimedia
File transferVoIP
Wireless Mobile Headset
Wireless connectivity in mobile
Wireless Monitoring & Control
Wireless connectivity for multi-users
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CONFIDENTIAL 34
IEEE 802.15.4 vs. RFID
Parameter ZigBee™ (MANGO) RFID
Current
Consumption
30mA(@active, 1.5V)
Power down supportReader기에서만사용
Data rate 250 Kbps (data) 수 K
Network Communication
Max 65,500 nodes 무제한
Reader 가격 수만원 수십~수백만원
양방향통신 가능 불가능(Active RFID 예외)
Coverage Data: Max. 800m(data) Maximum 5 or 10m
Battery Operation 1일 3시간사용시 2년이상 전원불필요
Routing Support 8단계가능 지원안함
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CONFIDENTIAL 35
The Best Seller_nRF24L01 / Nordic
* Function & InterfaceSPI(max 8Mbps)Integrated Vtg. Regulator (1.8V)
* Radio ArchitectureGFSKTX: Direct-modulation
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CONFIDENTIAL 36
산업동향
APPENDIX-A
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CONFIDENTIAL 37
메가 트랜드
* Telecosm, George Gilder, 2002
1990 2000매크로코즘 마이크로코즘 텔레코즘
-무선통신무선통신, 광통신- One person, many computers
-컴퓨터, 반도체- One Person One Computer
-제조업중심- Many PersonsOne Computer
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CONFIDENTIAL 38
IT 발전 구조
인터넷망
이동통신망
근거리통신망
1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 (year)
2006년이전까지는인터넷 망과이동통신 망이 IT 산업을 이끌었으나 2007년 이후에는근거리
통신망이기존의인터넷, 이동통신 망과결합하여 IT 산업의 성장축이될것으로예상됨
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CONFIDENTIAL 39
ZigBee 시장 전망(2005년)
• ZigBee 및 802.15.4 시장전망
ZigBee 및 802.15.4 시장은2010년에약 82억불의시장규모로연평균120% 이상의성장이예상된다.
Source: “WSN Growing markets” On World (2005)
2006 2007
1000
2000
3000
4000
단위: 백만불
332
2008 2009 2010
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
689
1,535
3,447
8,212
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CONFIDENTIAL 40
ZigBee 기술개요
APPENDIX-B
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CONFIDENTIAL 41
ZigBee 란?
‘ZigBee’ means two things:
v A global alliance of companies, founded in 2002:
n Promoters (9, including Ember), Participants and Adopters (over 170).
v A specification for interoperable, low-cost wireless device communication:
n Version 1.0 downloadable from www.zigbee.org
n Built atop IEEE 802.15.4
“ZigBee was created to address the market need for a cost-effective,
standards-based wireless networking solution that supports low data-
rates, low-power consumption, security, and reliability.”
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CONFIDENTIAL 42
지그비 기술개요
v IEEE 802.15.4 기반의 저속/저전력 소모무선통신 기술
v 동작 주파수n 2.4GHz (전세계) n 868/915MHz (유럽/미국)
v 데이터 전송속도n 250Kbps @ 2.4GHz n 20kbps @ 868Mhzn 40Kpbs @ 900MhZ
v 네트워크 토폴로지n Star, Cluster-tree 및 mesh 네트워크 지원
v 저전력
v 암호화 지원
v ZigBee Alliance n 전세계 200여 업체 참여 중
[그림] 지그비기술구성도
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CONFIDENTIAL 43
사용 주파수 대역과 전송 속도
2.4 GHz ISM Worldwide 250 kbps 16
868 MHz Europe 20 kbps 1
915 MHz America 40 kbps 10
BAND COVERAGE DATA RATE # OF CHANNEL(S)
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CONFIDENTIAL 44
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY
868MHz / 915MHz PHY
2.4 GHz
868.3 MHz
Channel 0 Channels 1-10
Channels 11-26
2.4835 GHz
928 MHz902 MHz
5 MHz
2 MHz
2.4 GHz PHY
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CONFIDENTIAL 45
ZigBee Device Types
v ZigBee Coordinator (ZC)
n - One and only one required for each ZB network.
n - Initiates network formation.
n - Acts as 802.15.4 2003 PAN coordinator (FFD).
n - May act as router once network is formed.
v ZigBee Router (ZR)
n - Optional network component.
n - May associate with ZC or with previously associated ZR.
n - Acts as 802.15.4 2003 coordinator (FFD).
n - Participates in multi-hop routing of messages.
v ZigBee End Device (ZED)
n - Optional network component.
n - Shall not allow association.
n - Shall not participate in routing.
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CONFIDENTIAL 46
ZigBee Network Topology
Full Function Device (FFD)
Reduced Function Device (RFD)
PAN Coordinator
Star Tree Mesh
• Network controlled by central PAN Coordinator
• End Devices communicate directly with Coordinator
• Coordinator initiates and maintains network.
• Simple Layout
• Tree structure rooted at the PAN coordinator
• Coordinator initiates network
• Children route through Parents in strict hierarchy.
• Multi-hop topology extends range of the network.
• Not always appropriate for low-latency applications
• Messages may be routed from any source to any destination
• Every FFD functions as a router for its neighbors.
• Multi-hop topology extends range of the network.
• High reliability achieved through multiple paths.
• Network may be constructed in any order for easy build-out.
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CONFIDENTIAL 47
ZigBee and Battery Life
minutes hours weeks years
Data
Rate
(M
bit
s/s
ec)
Battery Life
.1
1
10
100
100
WiFi
UltraWideBand
Bluetooth
ZigBee