zhongwen tomo 6

7/27/2019 Zhongwen Tomo 6

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CIP

/.

2006.12

ISBN 7-81029-701-5

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. H195

/0086-10-68320122

/0086-20-87206866

/

/0086-20-85221583

1997 6 1 2006 12 2 2006 12

787mm1092mm 1/ 16 10.25


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1996

48

1224 AB1219976

19991156020002003

http//www.chinaqw.comhttp//hwy.jnu.edu.cn

1997

5248

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1996

2001

1988

14

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116

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Preface

Zhongwen (Mandarin Chinese Language) course materials of trial edition were

written for overseas Chinese and their children in 1996 by College of Chinese

Language and Culture, Jinan University, under the commission of Overseas Chinese

Affairs Office of the State Council of Peoples Republic of China. The entire course

materials consist of 48 books, including 12 text books, 24 exercise books (book A and

book B), and 12 teacher s reference books. Publication started in June, 1997 and

completed in November, 1999 with more than 5.6 million copies distributed up to this

day. H owever, supply was not able t o keep up with demand. Between 2000 and 2003,

entrusted by Overseas Chinese A ffairs Offi ce of the State Council of Peoples Republi c

of China, we developed teacher s Zhongwen VCD and onlin e edition Chinese Onli ne

(see www.chinaqw.com or http//hwy.j nu.edu.cn ), and arranged a tr adi ti onal Chi nese

character edition. All these products have gained a wide popularity among Chinese

language teachers, students and their parents abroad.This revision of Zhongwen materials was authorized by Overseas Chinese Affairs

Office of the State Council of P. R. China to College of Chinese Language and Culture

and Education I nstitute of Chinese Language and Culture, Jinan University. This

revised edition reflects actual needs and characteristics of overseas Chinese language

education and takes in constructi ve advice from many sides and research findings on

language teaching and textbook studies. The new editi on of Zhongwen is now a

collection of 52 books, with additional four books- one Study Pinyin textbook, two

Study Pinyin exercise books and one Study Pinyin teacher s reference book- to the

original 48 books.The instructional goal of Zhongwen is to enable students to acquire basic

li stening, speaking, r eading and wri ting capabili ties of Putonghua (Mandarin Chinese)

through a pr ocess of learni ng and traini ng, to expose students to Chi nese cul ture and

lay a solid ground for their further study of Chinese language and culture.

The revision was carried out under the guidelines of Standard of Chinese

Language Level and General Out l ine of Chinese Grammar (1996) issued by

63
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Department of Testing Affairs of China N ational Office for Teaching Chinese as aForeign L anguage(NOCFL), General Outline of Chinese Language Level of Glossaries

and Characters(2001) issued by China National Committee for Chinese Proficiency Test

(HSK), and List of Frequent ly Used Characters in Modern Chinese (1988) issued

jointl y by State Language Commission and Mini stry of Educati on of Chi na. Based on all

above, an effort has been made at enhancing learning experience and development with

a careful choice of characters, words, sentences, and texts. The homework exercise has

been modified and arranged i n order of i ncreasing di fficul ties and advancement. These

improvements are expected to be of enormous benefits to both teachers and students

alik e, in improving their Chinese l anguage skil ls, raising their learning motivation,stimulating their active thinking and increasing their overall proficiency in the use of

Chinese language. Meanwhile, extensive research was made in the existing Chinese

textbooks that are used overseas which provided much helpful experience to the

revision. The revised edition closely integrates instruction and practice, learning and

application. Creative innovations have been incorporated in the course content, general

arrangements, page design, questi on format and instructi onal concepts.

The following is a summary of major changes including reorganization, deletion and

addition of new materials in the revised edition:

1. In light of the shorter term or semester in overseas Chinese schools, the number

of l essons in each book has been reduced from 14 to 12, with a moderate simpli fication

of the texts. The 12 lessons are now subdivided into four units of three lessons each,

which are followed by a comprehensive exercise. In addition, each book includes a

general exercise. Every text book is attached an alphabetic vocabulary which contains

all the new words in the texts of the book, i ncludi ng singlesyll abl es and mul tisyllables.

Each new word is marked with serial number of the text where it belongs.

2. Lessons one to six of Book 1 are designed for character learning. The main texts

are followed by a list of new Chinese characters without words or sentences. Beginningwith Lesson seven in Book 1, the main texts are followed by a list of disyllabic and

multisyllabic words and sentences, in contrast to the monosyllabic words found in the

previous lessons. Some of the main texts are also followed by a list of proper names,

such as, names of people, places and countries.

3. For teaching convenience, a Study Pinyin course book and two Study Pinyin

exercise books are incl uded i n the revised edi tion. Therefore, instructional materials for

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pinyin are removed from the 12 textbooks. However, exercises on pinyin are included fromexercise book 5 to above.

4. Pinyin annotations are provided to all the main texts and reading materials i n

textbooks one to four. Beginning with Book Five, the application is limited to only new

characters. In general, the annotations are applied character by character, except in the list

of words or expressions and proper names following the main texts, where they are applied

word by word. The characters are normall y annotated in their original tone, with the

exception of the neutral tones. Characters generally of light pronunciation, are annotated

with tones when they are stressed.

The characters (yi) and (bu) are annotated in their actual tonesaccordi ng to the context.

5. In retroflex finals, where the retroflex is unnecessary in written Chinese, the

character or word is not presented in its retroflexed form; and where the r etroflex is

necessary, the character(er) is attached, e.g., ,.

6. English translation or explanation is provided for titles of texts and exercises. Proper

names in teachers reference books are also attached with their English equivalents.

7. New strokes or radicals are listed with new characters, with the exception of lessons

for character learning where only strokes are listed, but not radicals. In the classroom

exercise of Learn to write in textbooks one to four, new radicals, components and

characters are presented with their stroke order, and writing directions are noted in red

arrows. In textbooks five and above, new characters in the classroom exercises are not

presented with their stroke order. The stroke order is based on Stroke Order Regulation of

Frequently Used Characters in Modern Chinese, which was issued by the State Language

Commission and the General A dmin istrati on of Press and Publ ication of P. R. C. i n 1997.

8. For the convenience of teaching and selfi nstruction, li sts of new characters, words

and some proper names are added to the reading comprehensions. Their references and

resources are also added to the teachers reference books accordi ngly.9. To meet the need of certain students for traditional Chinese characters, the main

text book is attached with a comparative l ist of new characters i n simpl ifi ed and traditi onal

forms arranged in alphabeti cal order, and each new word is marked with serial number of

the text where it belongs. In Book 2 and above, the alphabetical vocabulary list is

accumulative wi th new words of the previous text books. T he traditional characters are

based on the 1986 version of General List of Traditional Chinese Characters issued by

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the State L anguage Commission. Since variant characters li sted in Appendix 1 toGeneral List of Traditional Chinese Characters are no longer used officially, they are

no longer included as traditional characters or variant characters in this edition. The

traditi onal characters also suppl ement the revised teachers reference books accordingly.

In addition, text books one to six are attached with character learning cards for

convenience.

10. Practice in communicative functions in Chinese is further enhanced in the

revised editi on to i mprove the communication ski ll s of the students.

We are greatly indebted to Chinese linguists, experts in Chinese language teaching,

overseas Chinese teachers, and researchers of Chinese language that have all generously

provided us very useful advi ce and suggesti ons i n the revision of thi s course.

Finally, given the magnitude of this project and the ti me constraint, it is possibl e

that certain omissions or errors may be observed. However, we will be very open to any

suggestions and advice from experts, researchers, teachers, students and their parents

on further improvement.

Chief Compiler Jia YiminJune 28, 2006

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4. 31

TextThe Buried Gold

37

ReadingThe Ant and the Cicada

5. 39

TextThe Giants Garden

46

ReadingMi ce Had a Meeting

6. 48

TextStories about Id ioms

55

ReadingA Whi te Hare and a Gray H are

57

Review 2

1. 1

TextIn the Park

8

ReadingA ugeuste Rodin

2. 10

TextGo to the Post Offi ce 17

ReadingA Story on a Stamp

3. 19

TextThe Ocean W orld

25

ReadingThe Turt le L ays Eggs

27

Review 1

Contents

1


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7. 61

TextSun Moon Lake

68

ReadingThe Story of Taurus and Vega

8. 70

TextTelescope

77

ReadingThe World i n the Mi croscope

9. 79

TextTwo Ancient Poems

83

ReadingThe Story about Li Bai

85

Review 3

10. 90

TextQu Yuan

97

ReadingWalt Whitman

11. 99

TextAn Angel in White 106

ReadingA Girl Who Sought Brightness

12. 108

TextNie Er

114

ReadingLeomardo da Vinci Drew the Eggs

116

Review 4

Contents

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121

Exercises

125

A lphabetic V ocabulary Comparison between Simpl ifi ed and Tr aditi onal Chinese Characters

128

Alphabetic Glossary

131

Sentences

133

Table of Chinese Characters Strokes

134

Table of Stroke Order

135

Names of Radicals of Chinese Characters

138Phonetic System of the Chinese Language

141

A lphabetic V ocabulary 1 Comparison between Simpl ifi ed and Tr aditi onal Chinese Characters

143


145


147


149


6

Contents

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In the Park1

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2


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f xin nn y sh f

xnqti n fjn xinde wi dfn ysh

kish jiotn nji

Xl Mkil njlu Ludn

Greece Michelangelo Augeuste Rodin

dio

zhun nn tn zhn zhun yn su

Characters

Words and expressions

Proper nouns

Sentences

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i

1 Learn to write.

Exercises in Class

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d yi d

2 Read aloud.

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3 Expand and substitute.

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du hu

4 Dialogue

1

2

xin yi xin shu yi shu

5 Think and answer the followingquestions.

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lu dn

Augeuste Rodin

Reading

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dios


y lio

Characters

9


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GotothePost Office

shn yu j

2

10


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j j ho fn sh lio xn shn

y zn to qn nn u

Characters

11


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yuj rnshi zhshi lioji xnshn

znzhn u qnzh bou

Xinn

Hong Kong


Sentences

Proper noun

12


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i

1 Learn to write.

Exercises in Class

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d yi d

2 Read aloud.

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15


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1

2

du hu

4 Dialogue

xin yi xin shu yi shu5 Think and answer the following questions.

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A Story on a Stamp

Reading

17


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zhn lun xn

r


Characters

6

18


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The Ocean World3

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20


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ln rn jn q de sh cn mn d i tn

xyn bl dnxn bioyn jim

wib shnhu

x yn shn b l dn yn wi

b pi ln ti d bi y


Characters

Sentences

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i

1 Learn to write.

Exercises in Class

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tn

tn

d yi d

2 Read aloud.


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du hu

4 Dialogue

tn xin

sh sh sh

tn jn

tn

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1 tn jn

2

3

tn

jn

The Turtle Lays Eggs

Reading


5 Think and answer the following questions.

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sh zh w kn mi

shji i zhuzi

Characters


26


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zi xi li jidin z de zhn qu d yn shn d1. Mark

withthe correct pronunciations of the dotted characters.

1

A. le B. li o C. l D. li o

2

A. zhn B. chn C. zhn D. chn

3

A. ho B. ho C. o D. o

4

A. bi B. bi C. pi D. bi

b yi b zi z c y

2. Compare and form phrases.

Review 1

{

{

{

{

{

{27


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xun z ti n kn

3. Choose the right characters to fill in the blanks.

1

2

3

4

5

6 tn

7

8

xun c y ti n kn

4. Choose the right words to fill in the blanks.

1

2

3

4

5

tn

6

ti n kn

5. Fill in the blanks.

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li n c chn j

6. Putthe given words in the correct order to make sentences.1

2

3

4

5

zo j7. Make sentences with the given words.

1

2

3

4

5

yu d dun wn pn dun j zi du de d cu de d

8. Judge the correctness of the sentences below and mark on each right sentence

and on each wrong sentence according to the passage.

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1

2

3

4

5

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The Buri ed Gold

mi zi d l de jn

4

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mi jn su w yn sn kn f

w bin chn b lin sh hun qn

surn tinq wnshn minqin yhu

zhyo nfu rnwi qiti n chnlin li nshi

Characters


Sentences

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i

1 Learn to write.

Exercises in Class

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d yi d2 Read aloud.


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du hu

4 Dialogue

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1

2

m y

The Ant and the Cicada

Reading



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j ln j

zhlio tiny zi

Characters


6

38


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The iantsGarden

j

5

639


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40


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j zhu wi pi jn zh ni jio

dn zun s yun b x chi

pizi jnzh wimin mnbi yuny

bx dnshu


Characters

Sentences

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i

1 Learn to write.

Exercises in Class

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d yi d

2 Read aloud.

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du hu

4 Dialogue

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1

2

sh

Mice Had a Meeting

Reading



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sh hn

dufu lndn


Characters

b

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Stories about I di oms6

wn b lo

Mend the Fold after a Sheep Is Lost

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b zh

Spoil Things by Excessive Enthusiasm

649


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50


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b w j xi ln j qun

di wi b zh pn yn h

wz jsh lnj dol


Characters

pnwn ync hrn dy

Sentences

51


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i

1 Learn to write.

Exercises in Class

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d yi d

2 Read aloud.


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du hu

4 Dialogue

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1

2

Reading

!

A White Hare and a Gray Hare



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Characters

?

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Review 2

d pn yn xi c y

1. Write oneword for each Pinyin.

lnj doli jnzi xind

ync hrn bx yuny

zho yi zho xi ch yu xi li b shu de z

2. Putthewords which contain the same radical together.

zho l zi z c y zi zo j

3. Form phrases and make sentences after themodel.

l

1

2

3

4

5

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xun c y ti n kn

4. Choose the right words to fill in the blanks.

1

2

3

4

lin yi lin xi yi xi

5. Link and write.

d j zi yn ji din de c y zo j

6. Read the sentences and makesentences withthe dotted words and expressions.

1

2

3

4

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5

lin c chn j

7. Putthe given words in the correct order to make sentences.1

2

3

4

d k wn pn dun j zi du de d cu de d

8. Judge the correctness of the sentences below with on each right sentence and

on each wrong sentence according to the text.

1

2

3

4

5

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yu d dun wn pn dun j zi du de d cu de

9. d Judge the correctness of the sentences below withon each right sentenceandon each wrong sentence according to the passage.)

1

2

3

4

5

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Sun Moon Lake

r yu tn

7

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bn do d ln p q n zh

ch jin k kn shn t li

zhuwi dnrn kp dzi hin qnnin

kf knnn shnl fnjn

Ryutn lshn

Sun Moon Lake Moun Ali


Characters

Proper nouns

Sentences

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i

1 Learn to write.

Exercises in Class

64


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6

d yi d

2 Read aloud.

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du hu

4 Dialogue


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1

2

3

4



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ln h zh

The Story of Taurus and Vega

Reading

68


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xn pi p hu

qnlo xnf xqu

Characters


69


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Telescope8

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71


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s h j x yn ji jn ln

Characters

tu xio tn zhn ln ch r qi bi

ynjn mnku xioxi wl qnchu rqi

sh jx ynji jnsh ty bsi

wny ynch yuln

Hln Liynh Ydl Jill

Holland Rhine Italy Galilei

zhun yu mn c

Proper nouns

Sentences


72


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i

1 Learn to write.

Exercises in Class

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6

d yi d

2 Read aloud.

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6


75


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1

ji l

2

3

ji l

ji l

du hu

4 Dialogue



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The World in the Microscope

Reading

77


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6

wi m ji n hun


Characters

Proper noun

Leeuwenhoek Antonie Van

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Two A ncient Poems9

c d ci

ln hun

yun t

zhu chn

d

Leave the White Emperor City at Dawn

Tn L

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l p

Waterfall on Mount Lu

Characters

l z yn

yo p chun

yn

z yn yo yn

d zho ci hun chn l

Lshn

Mount Lu

zhun yu mn c

Proper noun

6

Tn L

80


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i

1 Learn to write.

Exercises in Class

81


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l p

p chun

p

!

c ln

yun t zhu

!

du hu

3 Dialogue

d yi d

2 Read aloud.

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ln d bn bi sn k wn

5 Read aloud and recite the text.

The Story about Li Bai

Reading

ln

1

2 p

3


4 Think andanswer the following questions.

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T dsh dqu

ti qu


Characters

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Review 3

zho l zi xi ch xi li z de pin pn b shu

1. Write down the radicals ofeach characterbelow after the model.

l

zho l zi z c y zi zo j2. Form phrases and make sentences after

the model.

:

1

2

3

4

5

zho l zi i xi j zi

3. Reconstruct the following sentences with the given wordsand expressions after the model.

l

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1

2

3

4

l

1

2

3

xun c y ti n kn4. Choose the right words to fill in the blanks.

1

2

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6

3

4 5

d k wn zi zhn qu de j zi hu min d

5. Mark on the right sentences according to the texts.

1

2

3

4

z

o j

6. Make sentences with the given words.

1

2

3

4

{{

{{

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i bn j

7. Correct the following sentences.

1

2

3

4


8. Judge the correctness of the sentences below with on each right sentence and on each wrong sentence according to the passage.

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1

2

3

4

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Q

Qu Yuan10

90


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pin jn z zhn zh qu wn ch

tu bi tn hu shn m wi dun

jnshn ri zu zhnzh zhzhn

fndu bitn xnzho

Q Yun

Qu Yuan

Characters


Sentences

zhun yu mn c

Proper noun

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i

1 Learn to write.

Exercises in Class

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6

d yi d

2 Read aloud.


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6

du hu

4 Dialogue

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6

1

2



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6

1819

1855

1892

Readinghu mn

Walt Whitman

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6

Characters

sh sn bn

nrn jiosh chbn

Hutmn

Walt Whitman


zhun yu mn c

Proper noun

98


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A n A ngel i n Whi te

11

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100


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tn sho yu shu y b zhn ln

wn zn jn sh n xin p

jitn shonin shdi ynyu mish chnshn

yunwn tnk zhuny by zhnzhn zhnsh fw shw znjn jish tch nxin


Characters

Nndnr Du Fu Lndn

Nightingale Germany France London

Sentences

zhun yu mn c

Proper nouns

101


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i

1 Learn to write.

Exercises in Class

102


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6

d yi d

2 Read aloud.

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6


104


119/165

6

1

2

du hu

4 Dialogue



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6

A Girl Who Sought Brightness

doll

water

Reading

106


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6

zhun yu mn c

Proper nouns

mn sh

xnq

Hil n kil

Hellen Keller AnneSullivan

Characters


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Ni

NieEr12

108


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1931

1934

1949

109


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q t ln qn tn chun qn shn

fn y yn kn l zh n

tbi wnj shnw bit in chunzu

rnmn fnkn qnl

Ni r Rbn Dnbisnshn Tin Hn

Nieer Japan Three P rovinces i n Northeast Tian Han

Yynjnjnxnq

ChineseNational A

Characters


Sentences

zhun yu mn c

Proper nouns

nthem

110


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6

i

1 Learn to write.

Exercises in Class

111


126/165

6

d yi d

2 Read aloud.


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6

du hu

4 Dialogue

113


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6

Leonardo da Vinci Drew the Eggs



Reading

1

2

?

114


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6

z q d

Dfnq

Leonardo da Vinci

Characters


6

zhun yu mn c

Proper noun

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Review 4

zi huxin z de zhn qu d yn shn d

1. Markon theright pronunciations of the underlined characters.

l di d de

1 hu hu

2 l yu

3 sho sho

4 tn tn

5 1931 xn shn

6

chun chun

b yi b zi z c y

2 . Compare and form phrases.

{

{

{

{

{

{116


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xun z tin kn

3. Choose the right characters to fill in the blanks.

1

2

3

4

lin yi lin z c y

4. Link and form phrases.

5. Write after the model.l

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6

huch xi li j zhn de cu bi z bzhn qu de z xi zi

6. li

Find out and correct the wrong characters.

1

2

3

4

d wn pn dun j zi du de d cu de

7. d

Judge the correctness of the sentencesbelowwith on each right sentenceand on each wrong sentence according to the text.

1

2

3

4

5

6

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d j zi yn de c y zo j

8 . Read the sentences and makesentences withthe dotted words and expressions.

1

2

3

4


9 .

Judge the correctness of the sentences below withon each right sentence andon each wrong sentence according to the passage.

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6

1

2

3

4

5

120


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Exercises

lin yi lin xi

1. Link and write.

zi xi li ji din z dezhn qu d yn shn d

2. Mark on the right pronunciations of the dotted characters.

1

A. f jn B. f jn C. f jn

2

A. wn b B. wn b C. wn p

3

A. yn jn B. yn jn C. yn jn

4

A. yn l B. yn yu C. yn yu

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6

xun c y ti n kn

3 . Choose the right words and expressions to fill in the blanks.

1

2

3

4

5

6

i xi l i z jishn b shu zi z c y

4 . Add one radical to each given character below to make different characters and form phrases after the

model.

l

lin c chn j

5. Put the givenwords in the correct order to make sentences.

1

2

3

4

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6

5

6

d j zi yn ji din de c y zo j

6. Read the sentences and makesentences withthe dotted words and expressions.

1

2

3

4

5

yu d dun wn xun z zhn qu de d n

7. Reading comprehension

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6

1

A. B. C.

2

A. B. C.

3

A. B. C.

4

A.

B.

C.5

A.

B.

C.

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6

A l phabeti c V ocabularyComparison between Simplified and Traditional Chinese Characters

b b bn bi bi bi b b

B 3 6 7 10 3 8 4 5b bin b b

11 4 3 6ci chi chn chn ch ch ch chun

C 9 5 4 9 10 7 8 12dn do d di dn d d dun

D 3 7 9 6 5 7 3 10r

E 8fn fn f f f

F 2 12 4 1 1 n n u

G 1 12 11 2 12 2ho h h hu hun hun

H 2 8 6 10 9 4j j j jin ji o jn jn jn jn

J 6 8 2 7 5 4 5 10 11j i j j j jn

8 6 2 5 8kn k kn kn

K 12 7 4 7ln l li li n lio ln

L 8 3 7 4 2 6

6

yn x shn z bioj in fn du zho

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6

ln ln ln ln ln l

12 11 8 3 7 9l

12mi m

M 4 10nn nn ni nn n

N 1 2 5 1 7p pi pi pn p pin

P 7 3 5 6 11 10q qi qn qn qn qn q

Q 7 8 12 12 4 2 12qun qu

6 10shn shn sho shn shn shn

S 10 2 11 3 12 7sh sh shu sh sh s

2 4 11 1 11 5s sn su su

8 4 4 1ti tn tn to t tn tn tn

T 3 1 8 2 12 12 11 10tu tu t

10 8 7w wn wn wi wi wi

W4 10 11 5 3 6wi w w

10 6 4x xin xin xio xn xi x

X 3 1 11 8 2 6 5x

8

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6

yn yn yn yn yn yn yo

Y 9 1 8 3 6 4 9y y y yn yn

11 12 1 9 3yn y y yun yu

12 3 2 5 11zn zhn zho zh zhn zhn zh zh

Z 2 11 9 12 8 10 5 7zh zhn zhu zh zhun zhun

10 1 5 6 1 1z z zun zn

9 10 5 11

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6

B 6 12 7 2 8 10 4 i

8 5 11 4 3 3 6

C 5 4 11 9 12dn i

D 3 6 6 1 6 5 7 i

5 7 7

E 8

F 2 10 12 7 11 1 u u

G 1 1 4 11 2 2 un

H 7 6 10 9 4

J 6 8 11 7 5 1 3

11 5 10 8

yn x shn c bio

A lphabeti c Glossary

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6

K 1 7 7 4 7 i

L 7 4 2 6 12 8 3 7

9

M 11 8 10 4 5

N 1 2 7

P 7 3 5 6 11

Q 12 12 7 8 2 4

6 10 i

R 10 12 2 4

S 10 12 11 12 8 4 4

3 7 11 11 11

T 8 2 12 12 8 4 11

10 8 11 7

W 4 5 4 12 3 10 8

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6

i

6 6 8 e i

X 3 1 8 2 1 6

10

Y 9 8 8 8 6 4 4 yu

4 1 6 11 2 8 3

11 5 i

Z 2 11 11 10 2 4

7 10 11 9 10 5 11

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6

Sentences

j zi

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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6

10.

11.

12.

6 132


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6

din li hn pi wn u n

hn z b hu mn chn bio

Table of Chinese Characters Strokes

b hu

mn chn

l z

b hu

mn chn

l z

hn y sh u shu

sh sh wn u ji

pi rn sh t mn

n d sh zh shn

t x sh wn x

hn u xi sh wn u din

hn zh ku sh zh zh dn

hn zh u yu sh zh zh u nio

hn pi yu xi u w

hn zh t rn w u xn

hn zh wn u ji pi zh i

hn zh zh pi jin pi din n

hn zh zh zh u ni

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6

xi z b shn u z bio

Tableof StrokeOrder

( )( )( )( )

u z l z b shn

xin zhnjin hu lin bin

xin hn hu sh

xin pi hu n

cn shn do xi

cn zu do yu

cn wi do ni

cn ni do wi

xin l tou hu fn ku

sh

n

b

tin

sn

zo

d

shu

tn

xin

shn

zh

r

yun

xio

shu

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6

Names of Radical s of Chinese Characters

1.

(This table lists some of the common radicals of Chinese characters for the convenience of teaching

and learning.)

2.

(Most of the radicals this table includes are not characters by themselvesor difficult to nameor

have confusing names. The radicals that are Chinese characters by themselves and easily pronounced

such as etc.have not beenlisted here.)

3.

(Some radicals have different namesbut this table only offers the most commonly used ones.)

Radical

Name

Examples

()

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6

Radical

Name

Examples

n

5 6 136


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6

Radical

Name

Examples

)

)

5 6137


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6

Phonetic System of the Chinese Language

1957 11 1 60

Endorsed at the 60th meeting of the Plenary Session of the State Council on November 1st

1957.

1958 2 11

Approved at the 5th Session of the 1st National Peoples Congress of February 11st1958.

The Al phabet

(Alphabet)

(Name)

V

The letterv is only used inloan wordsethnic minority languages and dialects.

Thelettersare written in the same wayas the Latin alphabets.

The Initials

b p m f d t n l

g k h j q x

zh ch sh r z c s

zhchsh

When phonetic notations are given to Chinese characterszhch and sh can be abbreviated as

and to simplify the spelling.

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6

The Finals

1. i

zhichishirizicisi

Thefinal i isused in theseven syllablesof andand thus

theyare spelled respectively aszhichishirizici and si.

2. er r ert hurThefinal iswritten as erbut as r when used asa tail fi nali.e.ert and hur.

3. Thefinal iswrittenas when used independently.

4. yi yye yo youyn yin yn yin yon Thefinalsinthei rowarewrittenasyi yye yo you yn

yin yn yin yon if noi nitialsprecedethem.u u oe

i

o

e

i

ei

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6 6

e eThefinalsin the u row are written asu o e

e and e if no initi als precedethem.

ueu

Thefinalsin the row arewri tten asue and u i f noinit ials

precedethemand thetwodotsof areomitted.

j q ju qu xu

nl n l When the finals in the row are used together with the i niti al s of jq and xthey are written as

ju qu xu with the two dots of being omittedwhen they are used together

withtheinit ialsof n and l thetwodotsof arer etained asi n n and l .5. iouueiuen iuuiun:niuui lun When iouuei and uen are preceded by ini tialsthey are written as iuui and unsuch asin niu

ui and lun .6. n

When p honeti c notations are added to Chi nese charactersn may be abbreviated as to simpli fythe spell ing.

The Symbols of Tones

high and level tone rising tone fallingrising tone fallingtone

The symbol of each tone is marked on the main vowel of a syllablebut it is omitted when the pro

nunciation is light. For example:

high and level tone

rising tone

fallingrising tone

falling tone

light pronunciation

The Syllable dividing Mark

oe

pio

When a syllable beginning with o e follows another syllable and the boundary of

t he two syllables are confusing the syllable dividing mark is used to separate them

i . e . pi o .

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6 6

i

A

7

b b bi bi bi

B 1 9 6 1 11co ch chn ch chun chn

C 6 8 6 4 12 5d di do de d din dn dn du

D 2 12 12 9 5 5 11 5 2r r r

E 10 2 1fn fn

F 11 5o

G 8 10ho h h hi hn hu hu hun hu

H 8 3 9 6 6 10 10 6 3j ji jin ji

J 10 9 8 1ki kn ku

K 8 10 2li ln lo l e l li l

L 4 6 7 8 4 1 6m m mo mn men min m m

M 9 6 12 10 8 11 3 2ni nn no n nin nio ni

N 9 11 12 8 10 6 6q qin qi q

Q 1 10 5 4r rn rn r r

R 12 2 11 3 4sn shn shn sho shn shn sh sh sh sh shu shu

S 1 3 4 2 12 7 7 1 3 7 2 3shu s

8 1

jin fn du zhoyn x shn z bio

Alphabetic Vocabulary 1Comparison between Simplified and Traditional Chinese Characters

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6 6

t ti t tin tin tn tu t

T 10 11 12 5 3 7 2 3wi wn w w

W 10 7 7 1x x xi xi xin xio xio xn xn xu xu

X 11 12 4 5 11 2 7 12 8 7 5yn yn y y y yu yu y y yun

Y 6 11 9 1 12 9 4 6 5 10yu yn

3 5zo zh zhn zhn zh zu z zu zu

Z 8 9 8 4 12 4 2 4 4

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6 6

b bn bo bo bn b bi b

B 10 12 5 7 2 2 6 2chn chn cnC 11 5 11

dn de de din dn du du

D 5 8 7 12 9 8 1 4

E 6f fn fn fi

F 10 6 3 9o i n n n u

G 3 5 1 5 8 7 12 11 10un un u u

4 9 11 5hi hi hi hn h hn h

H 6 4 12 1 9 8 9hu hu hun hu hu

11 1 1 6 12j ji jin jin jin jin ji o

J 4 12 6 7 11 2 1jio jio ji jn j ju

11 2 5 3 5 8k ko k kui

K 5 7 6 12l l lin lin li l

L 12 2) 7 8 9 12m mi me mi mio mn mn m

M 2 5 8 4 10 11 8 11n n no

N 8 2 7pn

P 3q q qn qn

Q 3 4 11 4


Alphabetic Vocabulary 2Comparison between Simplified and Traditional Chinese Characters

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6 6

shi shn sh sh sh sh shu sh shS 3 8 9 6 6 2 6 2 10

shun s s su

7 7 3 5t t ti o tn

T 11 2 11 3wn wn wi wn w w w

W 5 7 8 3 3 12 12x x x xin xi xi xn xn

X 6 1 4 9 1 4 3 3y yn yo y y y yn yn yu yu yu y

Y 10 12 10 8 9 12 12 4 9 3 7 1yun

8zi zi zhn zhn zhe zhn zhn z z

Z 1 4 5 9 11 10 10 2 1zu zu zu zu

11 5 7 4

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6 6

b bo bi b bin bin bin bn b b

B 9 2 12 4 4 5 9 3 9 10ci ci cn chn chn chn ch chn chun chun

C 4 4 7 6 8 5 2 8 4 7d di di do d dn dn d d d din dio

D 9 9 3 1 10 1 2 7 1 10 2 11dio dn du

5 4 4fn fn f

F 2 4 2i n n n n n u ui u u

G 8 9 3 12 12 7 6 2 8 10 6hn hu h h hu hun huH 12 5 8 3 2 12 10

j j j jio jio ji ji jn jn

J 8 11 6 1 5 1 11 11 4jn ji j ju

7 3 7 9k k k kun

K 8 12 2 1l ln lo ln l lin lin lu

L 1 12 4 5 12 6 3 7mn mn mn mo mo mi m

M 6 10 1 6 3 1 4n ne nn nn

N 2 2 11 12p po p pin pin pio p

P 10 5 9 9 12 5 9q q q q qin qin

Q 12 8 8 5 7 2rn rn rn

R 10 8 10


A lphabetic V ocabulary 3Comparison between Simplified and Traditional Chinese Characters

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6 6

s si sho shn sh sh sh shu shu

S 12 10 3 12 7 3 8 7 5tn tin tio tn tn tn t

T 6 6 5 1 1 2 6wn wn wi wn w

W 1 7 8 3 10xin xin xin xio

X 6 2 7 11yn yn yn yo y y y y yn yun yun

Y 6 4 8 3 3 7 11 10 8 9 3zo zn zhn zhn zh zh zh zh zh zh zhun

Z 9 11 3 6 9 4 5 9 5 9 11zhu zhu z zu

10 11 6 4

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6 6

n n

A 2 1 2bn bn bn b

B 11 5 11 5ci cn ch chn chn ch chun chun chun c cn

C 4 7 11 1 1 4 10 10 3 12 8d d dn do dn d dn dn

D 12 10 7 2 2 7 5 11f fi fn fn fn f f

F 8 12 2 11 1 4 11i n n n u un un

G 5 68 3 6 11 1hn hn ho h hu hun

H 7 12 12 5 11 8j jin ji n ji n ji ji ji jn jn jn jn

J 5 10 4 10 7 6 12 1 8 1 8jn jn ji ji

2 3 9 8kn ko k kn k k kui

K 4 9 9 9 8 7 8l lo li l l l l lin ln lu

L 6 6 12 9 9 27 9 3 7mo mi mn m min mio

M 10 2 12 3 7 11n nn n nun

N 12 7 9 4pn pn pio pn pn p

P 7 6 1 1 10 10qin qio qn qn qi q q qun qn

Q 5 2 9 11 12 1 3 1 6r

R 3sn s shi sho shn shn sh sh sh sh sh

S 11 2 4 9 6 5 2 12 8 12 4



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6 6

sh 9 1ti to t t tn t

T 6 10 1 7 3 5wn wn wn wn wn w

W 10 2 6 3 7 10x x xi xin xin xio xi xn xn xn

X 8 11 8 3 5 7 3 7 1 4yn yn yn yn y yn yn yu y y

Y 11 2 9 3 11 3 3 1 6 12yun yun yun

12 5 10z zho zhn zh zh zh zhun zu

Z 8 4 5 6 2 9 8 2

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6 6

n

A 12bo b bio b

B 2 9 3 12ci ch cho cho chn chn chn chn chn ch ch chu

C 2 2 1 2 10 11 109 10 7 1 5c c cn cu

7 6 7 5di dn dn dn do d d d dn

D 6 11 12 3 1 4 7 11 2fn fn fn f

F 8 4 7 12i n n u un un u

G 12 6 1 8 5 10 2 7h hi hn hn h hui

H 5 4 7 1 12 4j j j j j ji ji jin jin

J 2 2 6 8 9 3 5 12 11jin ji ji ji jn jn ju

6 8 11 4 4 3 7k k k kn kn ku

K 6 5 9 7 2 3li li l l lin lin ln li l ln

L 9 5 8 9 1 3 7 12 3 11mi mi m mi mn

M 8 6 7 7 9nin nn

N 9 4pn pio pn p

P 3 1 1 4q qin qin qio qi qn qn qn qin qi

Q 9 8 10 8 10 2 4 11 12 6



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6

rn ru

R

8

2sn sh shn sh shn sh sh sh sh shu

S 5 10 1 9 9 8 5 1 12 6sh shu shn s s sun sun su

3 3 9 6 3 5 4 12tn tn to t ti tu

T 3 2 11 11 8 10wi wi wi wi wn w w

W 11 12 92 7 8 12x xin xi n xin xin xi xn xn xi x

X 6 2 7 11 10 1 4 12 9 6 1yn yo y y yn yu y y yu yn

Y 1 10 11 12 12 3 11 11 8 5zi zn zn zhi zhn zho zho zh zh zh

Z 9 10 4 5 3 5 4 1 3 1zhn zhn zh zhun zhn zn

5 10 10 6 5 4

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zhongwen tomo 6

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