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Causes et solutions des problmes des

dchets et de l'assainissementCauses and solutions of problems in waste and sanitation

Muna Lakhani

Institute for Zero Waste in Africa

www.izwa.org.za

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"Normal" mondiale

Normal World

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Ralit du monde physique

Actual Physical World

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Population Mondiale

World Population

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Consommation Mondiale

Consumption World

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Design

Manufacture

Distribution

Retail

MiningAgricultureFossilFuels

AquacultureEnergyWater

AirLandfill

IncinerationMarine Outfalls

Use

Disposal

Flux de Materiel Actuels

Material Flows Today

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Le Plastique cest ToxiqueThe chemicals in the manufacture of plastics is a key health and

pollution problem.

Some of the impacts include:

affects development, of the foetus and children

spontaneous abortion

intelligence, memory, learning, and behaviour,

skeleton, body size and shape, significant

increase in prostate size

prostate cancer

reduced sperm count

Multi-generational effects

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Les dfauts de conception

Design Flaws 90% des matriaux extraits pour les biens durables

deviennent des dchets presque immdiatement (90% of

materials extracted for durable goods become waste almost immediately)(American Business Week)

Brosse dents ~ 1,5 kg de dchets

Tlphone cellulaire ~ 75 kg de dchets

1 voiture tonnes ~ 62 tonnes de dchet

2,3 kg ~ ordinateur portable 9 kg Dchets

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Who Should Pay?

The main reason why waste is a problem, is that after

the profit is made, the problem is ours, yet we did notmake the profit! We subsidise companies with waste

management, our health and environmental damage.

It should be a cost of the producer.

After 30 years of voluntary recycling in South Africa, we

have still recycle less than 20%

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DefinitionZero Waste is an ethical, economical,

efficient and visionary goal that guides

people to emulate sustainable natural

cycles in which all discarded materials

become resources for others. Zero

Waste means:

Designing and managing products

and processes to systematically avoidand eliminate the volume and toxicity

of materials and waste.

Conserving and recovering all

resources - not burning or burying.

Eliminating all discharges to land,

water or air, as they are a threat to

our planet and human, animal and

plant health

Zro Dchet est un objectif thique,

conomique, efficace et visionnaire qui

pousse les gens imiter les cycles

naturels durable dans laquelle tous les

dchets deviennent des ressources pour

d'autres. Zro dchets signifie :

La conception et la gestion des produits

et des processus pour viter

systmatiquement le volume et la

toxicit des matires et des dchets.

La conservation et la rcupration de

toutes les ressources ne pas brler, ni

enterrer.

L'limination de tous les rejets la terre,de l'eau ou de l'air, car ils sont une

menace pour notre plante et

lhumanit, sant animale et vgtale

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Organigramme conomie durable -

Sustainable Economy FlowchartDesign deProduits

Propres (Clean Product

Design)

Fourniture deressources

durable(Sustainable

Resource Supply)

Production Propre(Clean Production)

Distribution /

retail

Utilisation

(Use)

Rcupration (Recovery)

Compost

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Tres Important Very Important!

Deux choses sont essentielles pour un systme zro dchetbonne.

1) La mise en uvre et lapplication d`une bonne

politique

2) un prix minimum rglement pour les matiresrecyclables

Two things are critical for a good zero waste system.

1) a good policy that is implemented and enforced2) a regulated minimum price for recyclable material

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Some Ideas

for PaperWaste

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Some ideas for Tyres

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Some ideas for Glass

Ideal Use: Re-use

BricksWater FiltrationGrit Blasting

Cement and ConcreteFibreglass Insulation

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Compost with Worms

Majority of waste is organic in SA, 50% - Rest of Africa +- 70%(organic is the most obvious health issue of waste)

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Many Ways

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Muna Lakhani - IZWA

Pourquoi Re-concevoir des produits?(Why Re-design Products?)

Why is thisproduct a crap

design?

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Separation

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Biodigester Conception

Design

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Biodigester

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Une Solution (parmi de

nombreuses)

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Impact

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Muna LakhaniInstitute for Zero Waste in Africa

muna@iafrica.com

Special thanks to Irita and LDIW