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B4‐2016 ZNE Part 1
© Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC 2016 1
Zero Energy Part 1The Big Secret: you already know this stuff!
Session Topics
SUCCESS FACTORSNavigation principlesSurmounting hurdlesRethinking cost
Preparation is half the battle.
YES
What does it take to create Zero Energy Homes?
NO
B4‐2016 ZNE Part 1
© Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC 2016 2
The basic ingredients forZero Energy
A really good thermal enclosure
Efficient equipment
LED lighting
Renewable energy
NOTHING CRAZY …
So where’s the PROBLEM?E‐V‐E‐R‐Y‐T‐H‐I‐N‐G
REALLY, really WELL!
NEEDS TO BE DONE
How often does that happen?!?
Critical steps to achievingZero Energy
SET GOALS EARLY
BE PICKY ABOUT YOUR TEAM
FOCUS ON FUNDAMENTALS
CHECK PROGRESS OFTEN
“The Golden Goose Egg”
ZERO ENERGY HOMES
B4‐2016 ZNE Part 1
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Set Early, Specific, Performance Goals
1. Choose your fuel source(s)
2. Choose a ZNE definition3. Quantify your energy goals
Clearedgepower.com
Choose Your Fuel Source(s)Electricity: unavoidable
PhotovoltaicsWindFuel cellsMicro‐hydroHybrids
Others: optionalNatural gasPropaneWoodPellets
© Martin Darley | Dreamstime.com© Matt Niebuhr| Dreamstime.com
Choose a ZNE Definition
If you want to offset or compensate for:
Then choose zero net:
Amount of energy you will probably need to produce:
Your power bill Energy COST
Industrial production associated with your power usage
SOURCE energy or
Your actual on‐site power usage
SITE energy
Emissions associated with your power usage
Energy EMISSIONS
or or
(based on fuel mix and sources)
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10Part 1
Quantify Your Energy GoalsHow much energy does a code‐built
home use?
DEM
AND
How much energy will your ZNE home save?
How much renewable energy will be needed?
PRODUCT
ION
EFFICIEN
CY
?
?
Do a Reality CheckHOW MUCH RENEWABLE
ENERGY CAN YOU PRODUCE?
EFFICIENCY is essential!How many roofs would you need to cover with PVs
to achieve zero net SOURCE energy?
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
AND THE OUTLIER:371
Energy Free Figure 2‐14, page 29
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Choose Well: Key Traits of ZE TeamsCommitmentCreativityExperienceEngagement
(Code for “plays well with
others”)
Who’s on the team … from Day 1?
Owner/developerArchitectGeneral contractorMEP / energy consultant / Title 24 analystOther consultants (structural, interiors, lighting, landscape, et al.)Renewables consultant/vendor
[ORDINARY]Design+
ZE Construction≠
ZE Buildings
ZE Design+
[ORDINARY]Construction
≠ZE Buildings
Why involve the GC & trades from Day 1?Zero Energy is a Recessive Gene
QUALITY IS CRITICAL
ZNE Design + ZNE Construction = ZNE Buildings
B4‐2016 ZNE Part 1
© Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC 2016 6
Session Topics
Success factorsNAVIGATION PRINCIPLESSurmounting hurdlesRethinking cost Think
PROCESS & PLACE.
Adopt an INTEGRATED PROCESS
Buildings perform best when the building components and systems are effectively integrated;Effective building integration happens only if the
project team is also well integrated.
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THIS
THAT
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What is an Integrated/Integrative
Process?
OWNER COMMITS TO ID+D
TEAM IS ASSEMBLED
GOALS / OBJECTIVES CHARRETTE
SCHEMATIC DESIGN
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
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DESIGN CHARRETTE
DESIGN CHARRETTE
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Integrative Process
Construction Documents
Construction Documents
Cour
tesy of B
ill Ree
d an
d 7G
roup
Gather the team EARLY and OFTEN
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Integrated Design + Delivery:higher performance, not higher cost
courtesy of Bruce Coldham, Coldham& Hartman Architects
AMORY LOVINS
“Tunnel through the Cost Barrier”
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Why ID+D Improves Performance without adding to cost
“Owners who have pursued ID+D report better outcomes in terms of value and cost.”INTEGRATED DESIGN & DELIVERY GUIDE cec.orgCredit: Patrick MacLeamy
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Relocating mechanical room from penthouse to core:
Reduced energy loads and
Reduced first cost by $40,000
PA Department of Environmental ProtectionCourtesy of 7group & Bill Reed
Example: The Effect of Design Integration
Focus on fundamentals
REALLY HARD to heat, insulate, & air seal COMPLEX forms!
MUCH EASIER to heat, insulate, & air seal SIMPLE forms
Important early design factors: Building Geometry
Simple formsLong axis E‐WOverhangs
Code doesn’t address design basics so … WE need to!
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Example: Early Interventions = + Performance + Durability
WEST: before after SOUTH: before after
More room for photovoltaicsEqually attractive design
Easier & less expensive to detailEasier to air seal & insulate
Cost
Important early design factors: Embedded Systems
12% framing factor
structureair sealingplumbingelectrical insulation
If you can’t get to ZE all at once, focus on things that are hard to change later!
INVE
NTO
RY
ZERO
‐ENER
GY HOMES
ADD YOUR PROJECTS:http://netzeroenergycoalition.com/zero‐energy‐case‐studies/
Learn from ZE pioneers with
similar climates!
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Use CASE* studies* “Copy And Steal Everything” ~ Dennis Creech
http://nesea.org/buildingenergy‐case‐studies
Zero Energy Case Studies
Let the Feds help you!
http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/doe‐tour‐zerohttp://energy.gov/eere/buildings/doe‐zero‐energy‐ready‐home‐resources
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Marine (San Francisco) Hot/Mixed Dry(Phoenix)
RENEWABLES
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Maximize cost‐effectivenessBalance efficiency vs. renewables
Percent Energy Savings:Efficiency vs. Renewable Energy
Energy Free Figure 2‐5, page 26, based on data from Navigant
Marine (San Francisco)
Cold(Chicago)
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Revisit GOALS & check PROGRESSfrequently throughout the project
Courtesy Nancy Malone, Siegel & Strain Architects
GOALS &PRIORITIES
Use energy modelingearly and often during design
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Heating (E)
Cooling (E)
HVAC Fan/Pump (E)
Vent Fan (E)
Hot Water (G)
Lights (E)
Lg. Appl. (G)
Lg. Appl. (E)
Misc. (E)
3.5 kW
4 kW
Baseline
EUI (
kBtu
/sf-y
r)
Which variables influence performance
the MOST?
Session Topics
Success factorsNavigation principlesSURMOUNTING HURDLESRethinking cost
Plan ahead. (Did I mention that?!)
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Surmounting hurdlesCombating common challenges & cost driversCHALLENGE:
Lack of owner commitment
REMEDY:Don’t move forward without committed owner
Surmounting hurdlesCombating common challenges & cost driversCHALLENGE:
Lack of owner commitmentDesign decisions inconsistent with goals
REMEDY:Don’t move forward without committed ownerSet goals early & check progress often
Courtesy Nancy Malone, Siegel & Strain Architects
Surmounting hurdlesCombating common challenges & cost driversCHALLENGE:
Lack of owner commitmentDesign decisions inconsistent with goalsInformation or insight too late to be useful
REMEDY:Don’t move forward without committed ownerSet goals early & check progress oftenIdentify expertise needs & engage team early
1. Ensure deep energy expertise!
2. If needed, engage GC as a consultant.
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Surmounting hurdlesCombating common challenges & cost driversCHALLENGE:
Lack of owner commitmentDesign decisions inconsistent with goalsInformation or insight too late to be usefulReliance on (mediocre) industry standards
REMEDY:Don’t move forward without committed ownerSet goals early & check progress oftenIdentify expertise needs & engage team earlyMonitor and measure performance in the field
W. Edwards Deming:
Surmounting hurdlesCombating common challenges & cost driversCHALLENGE:
Lack of owner commitmentDesign decisions inconsistent with goalsInformation or insight too late to be usefulReliance on (mediocre) industry standardsField changes
REMEDY:Don’t move forward without committed ownerSet goals early & check progress oftenIdentify expertise needs & engage team earlyUse data, and test to verify performanceBullet‐proof your CDs and ensure they’re understood
Surmounting hurdlesCombating common challenges & cost driversCHALLENGE:
Lack of owner commitmentDesign decisions inconsistent with goalsInformation or insight too late to be usefulReliance on (mediocre) industry standardsField changes
REMEDY:
CommitmentCreativityExperienceEngagement
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Session Topics
Success factorsNavigation principlesSurmounting hurdlesRETHINKING COST
Or is it about VALUE?
Ask the RIGHT question:
“What do we need to do differently to
achieve ZERO without increasing costs?”
How do we get to Zero on budget?MINDSET
NOT “How much extra will it cost to get
to zero?”
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www.DSIREUSA.org
A COMPREHENSIVE DATABASE OF
STATE, LOCAL, UTILITY & FEDERAL INCENTIVES
& POLICIES THAT PROMOTE RENEWABLE
ENERGY & ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Factor in incentives!
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Research other financial resources
Be sure to check:Energy‐efficient mortgages (EEMs)Local agencies
City (e.g., PV bulk buy programs)County (e.g., PACE financing)Water district (rebates)
Federal tax incentivesState rebate programsAlternative financing for solar electric systems
Power purchase agreement (PPA)Lease, lease‐to‐buy
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Zero Energy Cost vs. Value
“The learnings from the [ZNE] homes have improved all of our homes significantly, improved their saleability, and improved our position in the
marketplace.”~ Ryan Scott, CEO, Avalon Master Builders
There is a significant cost premium to build
ZNE homes.
THE COMMON ASSUMPTION
0 1 2 3 4
C
B
A CARSTEN CROSSINGS
BREAK EVEN
COMPETITION
Grupe Co. Solar Home Sales
(Homes per month)
A ZE BUILDER’S VIEWPOINT
ANOTHER METRIC
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ABC GREEN HOME ZNE DEMONSTRATION
“The ABC Green Home uses the same means and methods that any of today’s home builders would ... The simple footprint and roof form keep it affordable,
[and] the simple architectural detailing [is] aesthetically appealing to the broadest buyer market.”
~ Manny Gonzales, KTGY Architecture & Planning
A PRODUCTION HOME ARCHITECT’S
VIEWPOINT
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What is a Zero Energy home, really?
HOUSING $
ENERGY $
HOUSING $+
ENERGY $
ENERGY $
UTILITY BILL
UTILITY BILL
MORTGAGE
MORTGAGE
CONVENTIONAL HOME ZERO ENERGY HOME
Which has more value?
AnnEdminster.comZERO ENERGY CONSULTING
clear GOAL+ right PEOPLE
+ right PROCESS
0