zenia adiwijaya coordination with: evandro martins
DESCRIPTION
CAPSULES PRODUCED WITH W/O AND O/W EMULSIONS. ZENIA ADIWIJAYA COORDINATION WITH: EVANDRO MARTINS. INVERSE GELATION MECHANISM. ABANG et al. (2012) O /W emulsion (27.7 g/L of CaCl 2 ) ANDERSON (2010) W /O emulsion (176 g/L of CaCl 2 ) W/O Emulsion destabilizers. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ZENIA ADIWIJAYA
COORDINATION WITH: EVANDRO
MARTINS
CAPSULES PRODUCED WITH W/O AND O/W EMULSIONS
INVERSE GELATION MECHANISM
• ABANG et al. (2012)
O/W emulsion (27.7 g/L of CaCl2)
• ANDERSON (2010)
W/O emulsion (176 g/L of CaCl2)
W/O Emulsion destabilizers
RELEASE OF Ca2+ FROM THE EMULSIONS
Oil CaCl2 Solution Membrane
O/W EMULSION W/O EMULSION
3
Ca
Ca
Ca
CaCa
Ca
CaCa
Alginate Solution
Ca Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
CaCa
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
CaCa
Ca
Ca
Ca
OBJECTIVES
4
• To optimize the production of capsules using W/O emulsion
by reducing CaCl2 concentration
• To compare capsules produced with W/O and O/W emulsions
5
Capsules
EXPERIMENTS
W/O EMULSION
6
100 mL Oil +
30 mL CaCl2
solution(240 g/L)
+SPAN 85 or PGPR
90
W/O EMULSIONS FORMULATIONS
W/O EMULSIONS FORMULATIONS
7
Concentration (g/L)
SPAN 85 PGPR 90Size of water droplets (μm) Stability Size of water
droplets (μm) Stability
0.08 19 ± 7 15 min 15 ± 6 50 min
0.8 14 ± 5 18 min 7 ± 1 1 day
8 14 ± 8 20 min 0.7 ± 0.1 5 day
SPAN 85
PGPR 90
8
CAPSULES PRODCUTION: W/O EMULSION
W/O EMULSION
CaCl2 : 4.6 - 55.4
g/L
EMULSION
DESTABILIZERS
TWEEN 20
ETHANOL OR
ACETONE
9
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Ethanol Acetone
Mem
bran
e th
ickn
ess
(mm
)
Series10
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Ethanol Acetone
% M
Ethanol Acetone
EFFECT OF DESTABILIZERS: ETHANOL/ACETONE
Acetone is the best
destabilizer
AW ALGINATE SOLUTIONS
10
Alg Alg +T20/Ethanol Alg +T20/10% acetone Alg+T20/20% acetone0.982
0.984
0.986
0.988
0.99
0.992
0.994
0.996
0.998
AW
AW π
MECHANISM OF DESTABILIZATION: ACETONE
11
ACETONE
Ca
CaCa
Ca
CaCa
Ca
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
0.51
1.52
2.53
3.54
4.55
CaCl2 Concentration (g/L)
Dia
met
er (m
m)
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
CaCl2 Concentration (g/L)
Mem
bran
e th
ickn
ess
(mm
)
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
CaCl2 Concentration (g/L)
%M
EFFECT OF CaCl2 CONCENTRATION
Minimal CaCl2 concentration:
13.8 g/L
13
Capsules
EXPERIMENTS
O/W EMULSION
100 mL Oil +
30 mL solution CaCl2
+0.5 mL Span 85/
Tween 85
14
CAPSULES PRODCUTION: O/W EMULSION
O/W Emulsion Production Capsules Production
15
EFFECT OF CaCl2 AND ALGINATE CONCENTRATIONS
55.4 27.713.84.6
CaCl2 Concentration (g/L)15
10
5
Algi
nate
Con
cent
ratio
n (g
/L)
16
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
0.51
1.52
2.53
3.54
4.55
CaCl2 Concentration (g/L)
Diam
eter
(mm
)
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
CaCl2 Concentration (g/L)
Mem
bran
e th
ickn
ess
(mm
)
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
CaCl2 Concentration (g/L)
% M
EFFECT OF CaCl2 AND ALGIANTE CONCENTRATIONS
• Alginate 5 g/L
• Alginate 10 g/L
• Alginate 15 g/L
17
Capsules
EXPERIMENTS
O/W AND W/O EMULSION
18
CAPSULES: W/O AND O/W EMULSION
55.4 27.713.8
CaCl2 Concentration (g/L)O
/WW
/O
Algi
nate
10
g/L
19
6.9 13.8 27.7 55.40
5
10
15
20
25Dry Capsules
CaCl2 concentration (g/L)
Rupt
ure
Forc
e (N
)RUPTURE FORCE: W/O AND O/W EMULSION
• W/O
• O/W
RF = 0.4 (Ca) -1.8
RF = 0.2 (Ca) + 22
LOG(MEMBRANE VOLUME) (Vm) X LOG (CORE VOLUME) (Vc)
20
Vm= K Vc
Vm =6 10-2 Vc4 - 24 Vc3 + 130 Vc2 – 249
Vm= 0.1 Vc4 + 5 Vc3 -63 Vc2 +351 Vc - 718
• THEORICAL CURVE
• W/O EMULSION
• O/W EMULSION
Vm
Vc (μm3)
CAPSULESMICROCAPSULES
21
% MEMBRANE (%M) x LOG (CORE VOLUME) (Vc)%
M
Vc (μm3)
%M = K/K+1
%M =6 10-3 Vc5 - 0,3 Vc4 + 5 Vc3 – 43 Vc2 + 185 Vc - 315
%M = 5 10-3 Vc5 - 0,2 Vc4 +4 Vc3 – 34 Vc2 + 143 Vc - 229
CAPSULESMICROCAPSULES
• THEORICAL CURVE
• W/O EMULSION
• O/W EMULSION
22
• Easier to get
• Do not need additional destabilizer
• More uniform/ homogeneous in shape
• Membrane slightly weaker
• Minimal concentration of CaCl2: 4.6
g/L
• Harder to get
• Need additional destabilizer
• Lower CaCl2 released
• More heterogeneous in shape
• Membrane slight stronger
• Minimal concentration of CaCl2: 13.8 g/L
O/W W/O
CAPSULES: W/O AND O/W EMULSION
CONCLUSION
23
• Capsules using W/O emulsions with less CaCl2 can be obtained
• The properties of the capsules produced with W/O and O/W are similar
• The release of Calcium ions from the emulsion depends on the core
size and the emulsion
• Capsules produced with W/O emulsions cannot be used in food areas
due to the utilization of acetone
MERCI!