z. lavasani m.d. amiralmomenin hospital. overview definition indication and contraindication...

57
Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital

Upload: dale-fisher

Post on 01-Jan-2016

215 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Z. Lavasani M.D.Amiralmomenin Hospital

Page 2: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Overview•Definition•Indication and Contraindication•Preoperaive management•Intraoperative management•Postoperative management•Complication

Page 3: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Cesarean section

Page 4: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

DefinitionOperative procedure performed to deliver the fetus through an incision in abdominal wall (laparotomy) and uterine wall (hysterotomy)

Page 5: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Common indicationsRepeat cesarean sectionDystocia or failure to progressBreech presentationFetal distress

Page 6: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Accepted IndicationsFailed inductionCPDFetal distressPlacental

abruptionPlacental previaUmbilical cord

prolapse

Active genital herpes infection

Abdominal cerclageConjoined twinAnomaly of pelvic

boneTransverse lie and

persistent mentoposterior

Page 7: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Controversial indicationsBreech presentationRepeat cesarean

section or prior uterine scar

Immune thrombocytopenia

Severe Rh immunization

Prior vaginal surgeryLarge vulvar

condylomata

hyperextended headTwinsSevere preeclampsiaHigh risk for fetal

distressAssisted

reproductive technology

Page 8: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Contraindications /Motherc/sDeath fetus in uteroFetal anomaly

NVDPlacenta PreviaClassic IncisionMyomectomy

Page 9: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Contraindications /FetusVasa PreviaFetal DistressPlacenta PreviaCord PresentationMyelomenangocelVellamentous Placenta

Page 10: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Intraoperative ComplicationsFetal injuryUterine and genital injuryUterine atony bleedingUrinary tract injuryGastrointestinal tract injuryAnaesthetic complication

Page 11: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Postoperative complicationsEarly complication

Paralytic ileus Endomyometritis Wound infection Urinary tract infection Intraabdominal and pelvic infection Intraabdominal bleeding Respiratory tract infection Thromboembolic disease

Page 12: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Postoperative complicationsLate complication

Intestinal infectionDehiscence of uterine incisionPlacenta accreta

Page 13: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

AnatomySkinSubcutaneous tissueAnterior rectus sheetRectus musclesPreperitoneal fatPeritoneumVesicouterine membrane (serosa)Urinary bladderUterus

Page 14: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Arterial supply of abdominal wall

Page 15: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Preoperative managementPatient education and Inform consent

NPO at least 8 hrsIV fluidPre-operative lab

Hct ,Hb level Blood is typed and screen

PRC 1-2 unit

Page 16: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Preoperative management• Urinary catheterization• IV Line• Preparation of the abdomen and

genitalia• Prophylactic ATB• Personnel trained in neonatal

resuscitation should be available

Page 17: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Intraoperative managementPosition

Left lateral tiltAnesthesia

General anesthesiaSpinal blockEpidural block

Skin preparationAntiseptic solution (povidone-iodine scrub)DryingPaint iodine solution

Page 18: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Intraoperative managementSkin Incision

Vertical midline incisionTransverse incision

Pfannenstiel incisionMaylad incisionCherney incision

Subcutaneous tissue incisionAnterior rectus fascia incision & dissection

Page 19: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Midline vertical

Maylard incision

Pfannenstiel incision

Skin incision

Page 20: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Intraoperative managementSeparation of rectus muscle Peritoneal incisionVesicouterine reflection identification & incisionUterine incision

Low transverse incision Low vertical incisionClassical incision J-shaped incisionT-shaped incision

Fetal deliveryPlacental delivery

Page 21: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Indication of Classical Incision

Anterior Placenta PreviaTransverse (Low Back)Shoulder PresentationSmall FetusMyomaCervical Cancer

Page 22: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Divided rectus muscle

Page 23: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Vesicouterine reflection identification and incision

Page 24: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

AP and lateral vesicouterine space

Page 25: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative
Page 26: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Classical uterine incision

Lower uterine incision

other uterine incision

Page 27: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Low vertical uterine incision

Page 28: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Extension of low transverse uterine incision

Page 29: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative
Page 30: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Fundal pressure and manual head delivery

Page 31: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative
Page 32: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative
Page 33: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Manual head delivery

Page 34: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Neonatal delivery

Page 35: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Deep engage and manual head delivery

Page 36: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Forceps head delivery

Page 37: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Short hale forceps delivery

Page 38: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Vectis forceps delivery

Page 39: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Manual removal placenta

Page 40: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Intraoperative managementMyometrial wound closure

Two-layer running-locking sutureSingle-layer running suture

Vesicouterine closureCheck bleeding & remove blood clotAdnexa examination

Page 41: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Closure of uterine incision

Page 42: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Closure of low transverse uterine incision

Page 43: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Repair classical incision

Page 44: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Abdominal wall closure

Page 45: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Smead Jones suture

Page 46: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Intraoperative managementAbdominal wall closure Parietal peritoneum Rectus sheet Subcutaneous tissue Skin closure

Page 47: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

Postoperative managementAnalgesic Vital signsUrinationFeedingAmbulation

Wound careLab

investigation

Breast feedingDischarge

Page 48: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

On Request On Requestسزارين انتخابی اولّي�ه )سزارين انتخابی اولّي�ه )CesareanCesarean))

افزايش سن ازدواج

پاريتی کمتر

ترس از اختالالت آناتومی لگن ودرد زايمان

Page 49: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

TOL (Trail of labor)TOL (Trail of labor)يا زايمان طبّيعی پس از سزارين يا زايمان طبّيعی پس از سزارين

((VBACVBACقبلی )قبلی )60 درصد موارد با موفقّيت انجام می شود80 تا

کاهش یافته است2007آمار انجام آن از سال

مادر بايد از عوارضTOL با خبر باشد و به انتخابخودش آن را انتخاب کند

پارگي رحم از خطرناک ترين عوارضTOL .است

18بّين پارگي رحم تا خروج جنّين در يک فاصله دقّيقه اي جنّين دچا ر عوارض جدي مثل

انسفالوپاتي هايپوکسّيک مي شود.

Page 50: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

::TOLTOLموارد منع انجام موارد منع انجام اسکار کالسیک یا اسکار عمودی در ناحیه سگمان تحتانی رحم 1(

که به قسمت فوقانی کشیده شده باشد.

T-Invertاسکار 2(

پارگی قبلی رحم3(

بّيش از يک بار اسکار روی رحم4(

جنّين بسّيار درشت5(

ناهنجاری مولرين6(

لگن تنگ7(

عوارض طبی يا مامایی منع زايمان واژينال8(

عدم تمايل بّيمار9(

عدم دسترسی به انجام شرايط اورژانس سزارین مثل نبود 10(جراح يا متخصص بی هوشی و پرسنل آموزش ديده برای

مراقبت از نوزاد

(Postdateحاملگی پس از موعد )11(

Page 51: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

::TOLTOLشرايط انجام شرايط انجام فقط یک بار سزارین قبلی

لگن مناسب

نداشتن سابقه پارگی رحم

رضایت بّيمار

امکان سزارين اورژانس با حضور جراح، بی هوشی وپرسنل آموزش دیده

نداشتن موارد منع زايمان طبّيعی

Page 52: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

::TOLTOLاقدامات الزم برای اقدامات الزم برای IV Lineهنگام پذیرش بّيمار

CBC، BG/Rh

رزرو خون

مانّيتورينگ مداوم قلب جنّين

معاينه مک�رر

حضور پرسنل مامایی، بی هوشی و نوزادان

Page 53: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

م در م در نکات مّه� ::TOLTOLنکات مّه�.زايمان خود به خود بايد انجام شود

به هّيچ وجه نبايد از مواد القا کننده زايمان استفادهشود.

.تسکّين اپی دورال منعی ندارد

.زايمان طبیعی قبلی، باالترين موفقّيت را دارد

سابقه سزارين به دلّيل تنگی لگن، پايّين ترينموفقیت را دارد.

بّيشترين محل پارگی رحم اسکار قبلی و سگمانتحتانی رحم است.

Page 54: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

عاليم پارگی رحم:عاليم پارگی رحم:افت قلب یا الگوی غّيرطبّيعی قلب جنّين

احساس درد يا احساس پاره شدن در ناحّيه برش قبلی

کاهش شدت و دفعات انقباضات رحم

خونريزی واژينال

عاليم شوک: اضطراب، بی قراری، ضعف، سرگّيجه و دردشانه

عضو نمايش به سمت باال رفته يا لمس نمی شود

در صورت شک به پارگی رحم، سزارين در صورت شک به پارگی رحم، سزارين اورژانس اورژانس

Page 55: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

سزارین پس از فوت مادر

* بسیار نادر است.و الکتروانسppفالوگرافی توسppط مppادر مppرگ بایppد *

الکتروکاردیوگرافی اثبات شود.* فاصpله زمpانی مpرگ مpادر تpا خpروج جpنین سpالم مشpخص

نیست.* شpکم ورحم بایpد بpدون ضpد عفpونی کpردن و بpه سpرعت بpاز

شود.منتقpل شود. NICU* جpنین بایpد بpه سpرعت خpارج شpود و بpه

از کمpتر جpنین خpروج تpا مpادر مpرگ فاصpله دقیقpه 10* پروگنوز بّهتر.

Page 56: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative

هیسترکتومی به دنبال سزاریناورژانس

پارگی رحم•خونریزی غیرقابل کنترل از قبیل:•

آتpونی رحم، سpینوزویید محpل جفت، اختالل انعقادی

چسبندگی جفت•عفونت رحم•

غیراورژانسکارسینوم•لیومیوم•

Page 57: Z. Lavasani M.D. Amiralmomenin Hospital. Overview Definition Indication and Contraindication Preoperaive management Intraoperative management Postoperative