耶鲁专升本公共英语yy 课堂
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耶鲁专升本公共英语YY 课堂. ---------定语从句讲解. 定语的位置: 1.形容词作定语前置:形容词+名词 2.句子作定语后置:名词+句子(定语从句) She is the girl . ╲ The girl likes me . ╱ She is the girl who likes me 关系词 一、定义:在英语句子中,用于限定名词或代词的句子,叫做定语从句。 二、构成: 先行词+关系词+定语从句(一般情况下,三者紧挨着,顺序不可变) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
--------- 定语从句讲解
耶鲁专升本公共英语 YY 课堂
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定语的位置: 1. 形容词作定语前置:形容词 + 名词 2. 句子作定语后置:名词 + 句子(定语从句) She is the girl. ╲ The girl likes me. ╱ She is the girl who likes me
关系词
一、定义:在英语句子中,用于限定名词或代词的句子,叫做定语从句。 二、构成: 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句(一般情况下,三者紧挨着,顺序不
可变) 例: She is the girl who likes me.
先行词 关系词 定语从句 注: 1. 被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。 2. 关系词指代先行词,两者为同一事物。
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三、关系词 主 宾 关系代词:指人 who/that whom/that whose
指物 which/that which /that whose
关系副词:作状语,先行词为 时间 when
地点 where
原因 why(reason)
☆ 注:关系词的选择 当从句缺少成分(主、宾、表)时,用关系代词。 当从句不缺少成分时,用关系副词。 关系词做宾语成分时可以省略 判断缺不缺成分以“五大基本句型”为标准。 例:⑴ Is this the factory B he worked last year?
⑵I like the place C E F I visited three years ago.
⑶He is the star D E F we love.
( 4 ) I don’t know the reason ___G__ they broke up with each other.
A. when B. where C. which D. whom E. that F. / G. why
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四、如何找定语从句: 以 ______ 为坐标, 如果 ______ 前无谓语动词(包括 be 动词),从 ______
到第 二个 谓语动词前为从句 如果 ______ 前有谓语动词,从 ______ 到句末为从
句
例:⑴ The girl B E my father is talking to is my girl friend.
⑵The work A E has just been finished is very important.
⑶I’ll never forget the day C we first met each other.
A E we spent together.
A. which B. whom C. when D. who E. that F. where
注:若 ____ 前有名词,通常考定语从句。
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1. The place ______interested me most was the Children’s Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which
2. That is the day ______I ‘ll never forget.A. which B. what C. when D. on which
3. No one don’t know the reason ______ she gets so angry.A. that B. which C. why D. when
4. This is the best novel ______ I have ever read. A. which B. where C. that D. what
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五、 whose 的使用: 1. 从句不缺成分 2. 先行词与从句主语构成从属关系 3. 从句的主语前没有 the
例:⑴ This is the scientist C achievements( 成就 ) are well k
nown.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. of whom
⑵This is the house, D the window was broken last night.
A. which B. whose C. that D. of which
注: whose + n. = of which/whom + the + n. = the + n. + of whic
h/whom
例: This is the house, the window of which was broken last ni
ght.
This is the house whose window was broken last night.
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六、关系代词 which 与 that 的使用:
a. 只用 that 不用 which 的情况: 1. 当先行词是 something, everything, anything, nothing, some,
all, a little, little, a few, few, all 等不定代词或被这些词修饰时,用 t
hat, 不用 which.
2. 当先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或有 the only, the very( 正好 , 正是 ), the last, just 修饰时,用 that, 不用 which.
3. 当先行词既有人又有物时,用 that, 不用 which.
例 : Do you have ⑴ anything that you want to say.
⑵This is the best movie that I’ve ever seen.
⑶Do you know the things and persons that they are talking abo
ut?
⑷Who is the boy that won the gold medal( 金牌 )?
(5) Which is the gold medal that the boy won?
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b. 只用 which 不用 that 的情况: 1. 当关系词前有介词时,用 which, 不用 that
例: This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.
注:此时,介词 + 关系代词 相当于 关系副词,且介词要与先行词或从句动词构成搭配。
E.g. when=in/at/on/during which
where=in/at/on/from which
如上句: This is a house where /in live Lu Xun once lived.
This is the city where/from which comes.
例:⑴ This is the factory _____ he worked last year.
A. which B. in that C. in which D. of which
⑵John is the boy ____ he talked yesterday.
A. whom B. with whom C. of which D. of who
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2. 在非限制性定语从句中,用 which, 不用 that
定语从句的分类:
限制性定语从句: This is the book that/which I want to read.
非限制性定语从句: This is the book , which I want to read.
注: 1. 限制性定语从句中无“,”连接 非限制性定语从句中有“,” 连接 2. 在限制性定语从句中,当关系词作宾语时,可以省略。 例: This is the book (that/which) I want to read.
This is the book , which I want to read.
3. 在非限定性定语从句中,只是不用 that, 其他关系词可以用:
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例:⑴ She has fallen in love with Jack,_____ I find hard to imagine. (2009) A. who B. that C. whom D. which
⑵Mr. Zhang, ____ came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s. A. which B. that C. who D. whom (2006)
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七、当先行词为 the way (方式,方法)时,且当从句不缺成分时, 关系词有三种情况: that / in which / 不填 例 1 :⑴ The way that/in which/ 不填 he explained the sentence to
us was simple.
⑵The way that/which he explained to us was simple.
例 2 : I don’t like_____ you speak to her. (2013)
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
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八、关系代词 as 的用法 先行词由 such , the same, so, as 修饰时,从句缺成分,关系代词
用 as
例: We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
Your shirt is the same I bought yesterday.
2. 在非限定性定语从句中, as 和 which 都可以代表前面一整句话的内容。
as 引导的从句可位于主句前,主句中,主句后。但 which 引导的从句只能位于主句后。
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此外, as用于以下固定搭配:as we know(正如我们所知 ) as is often the case(像通常那样 )as has been said before(如上所述 ) as is reported(正如报道的那样 )as is well known(众所周知 ) as was expected(正如预料的那样 )as is known to everybody(众所周知 )
例:⑴ As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. ⑵Smoking, as we know, is harmful to one’s health. ⑶Smoking is harmful to one’s health, as /which we know. ⑷ AS was expected, she married him. She married him, as/which was expected.
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九、其他要点(一) 1. one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词复数 the only one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词单数 例: He is one of the boys who are handsome. (be)
先行词 He is the only one of the boys who is handsome. (be)
先行词 2. 数词 / 代词 + of which/whom 表示先行词的数量。 此类词有: all, none, both, neither, either, some, most…
例:⑴ She has ten friends, ____ is a girl.
A. none of which B. none of whom C. who D. some of whom
⑵I have two pens, ____ writes well.
A. none of them B. none of which
C. neither of which D. either of them
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十、其他要点(二) 非地点意义的词,表“抽象地点”,如 situation( 局面 ), point( 境
界 , 程度 ), case( 事例 ), position( 境地 ), stage( 阶段 ), condition( 条件 ), circumstance( 境况 )
… 意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”,关系词用 where. 例: They have reached the point ____ they have to say goodbye t
o each other. A. that B. which C. where D. when
十一、其他要点(三) 插入语 I think, I believe, I guess, I suppose, I imagine, in my opini
on 通常放在关系词与从句谓语动词之间。做题时,不考虑插入语。 例: He made another wonderful discovery,_____ of great importan
ce to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is (2012) C. which I think it D. I think is
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1. The final examination will cover all _____ taught this term.(2001)
A. what has been B. that has been
C. that was D. which has been
2.She studied hard at school when he was young, ______contributed
to success in later life.(2007)
A. so that B. therefore C. that D. which
3. I’m going to spend the winter vacation in Shanghai, ______ I have
relatives. ( 2007)
A. Which B. that C. where D. when
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4. We’re talking about the pinion and the pianist _____were in the concert we attended last night.(2013)
A. that B. whom C. who D. that
5. This is the best novel _____I have ever read.(2007)A. which B. where C. that D, what
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