yritystä kehiin 26.2.2014: contextual considerations for mobile situations - insights from academic...
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Eyal Eshet, Åbo Akademi University: Contextual considerations for mobile situations - insights from academic explorationsTRANSCRIPT
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Contextual Considerations for Mobile Situations
Eyal Eshet TUCS
Department of IT Åbo Akademi
26.02.2014 Yritystä kehiin
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Contents
§ Background § Context matters § Contextual considerations
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BACKGROUND
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Background
§ Grew up in a kibbutz in Israel § Moved to Finland on 2001 § Tradenomi@Turun AMK, KTM@ÅA § Software designer
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Background
Nörttien valtakunta Miksi korkeateknologiatuotteet saavat meidät sekaisin ja kuinka palauttaa järki
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Current
§ Research on mobile application development – Design practice in organizations
• UX, interaction design, strategic management
– Context
§ Aim to graduate this year J
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CONTEXT MATTERS
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What is Design?
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Convert an undesired situation into a desired one"Simon, 1969"
Design
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Design is about creating a fit between form and context"Alexander, 1964"
Design
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Design
§ Design is about creating a fit between form and context – Form: the solution, part of the world over
which we have control and decide to shape – Context: the problem, anything in the world
that puts demands on the form
– Fit: mutual acceptability between the two
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Plan
Understand and specify the context of use
Specify requirements
Produce design solutions
Evaluate design against requirements
Solution meets requirements
Iterate, where appropriate
ISO 9241-210: Human-centered design for interactive systems
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Context matters
§ Better-informed design decisions à more likely to meet user expectations
§ Designers need implicit understanding of the context (at least to some extent) – and … how it affects the design
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Context matters, but…
§ Context is complex and in most cases obscure § Nearly impossible to have a complete
description of the demands made by the context
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Mobile shift
§ Context in stationary computing – Fairly stable, homogenous, predictable
§ Context in mobile computing – Dynamic, heterogeneous, unpredictable – Elimination of time and space restrictions
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Mobile shift
Elimination of time and space restrictions § Changes the framework in which society is lived § Emphasize the importance of temporal, spatial,
and social aspects and their interrelation § Call for studies of users in actual contexts of use
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Mobile strong characteristics
§ Mobile as 1st personal mass media – Print, recordings, cinema, radio, TV, Internet
§ Always carried § Always connected § Built-in payment system § Available at the point of creative inspiration § Most accurate audience measurement § Captures the social context of media consumption § Enables augmented reality
Ahonen, 2011
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Mobile
http://www.kpcb.com/insights/2013-internet-trends
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CONTEXTUAL CONSIDERATIONS
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Context - properties
§ Emergent: actively arises in the course of the activity
§ Relational: relevance to particular activity and circumstances
§ Personal: relates to how one makes sense of the world
§ Evolving: experienced over time – Longitudinal observation of factors that affect the
holistic user experience
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Emergent, relational, personal
Individuals
Activities Places
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Evolving - UX
7
“everything the user experiences while using something” (p.9), emphasizing the wide range of its application to any artifact. According to the authors, user expectations is the main factor that impacts the user experience as illustrated in Figure 2. People’s expectations from a certain device lead to the perception of the device. An increasing list of factors which may have an influence on the perceptions by people, in which Hiltunen et al. (2002) summarized into five main groups: utility, usability, availability, aesthetics, and offline issues (e.g. company brand, back-end processes). Expectations and perceptions eventually create interpretations of the device and a variety of emotions that form the user experience, which further impact future expectations. Hence, user experience is about designing an artifact to match with, or exceed beyond, user expectations.
Expectations
Utility
Usability
Availability
Aesthetics
Offline Issues
Interpretations
User Experience
InformationGathering
DirectsDirects
Produces
Affects
Forms
Perceptions
Figure 2: Expectations drive the user experience (Hiltunen et al. 2002, p. 14)
Hiltunen et al. 2002
Roto et al. 2011
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Mobile context - components
§ Users – Goals, skills, motivation
§ Task-related – Frequency, duration, dependencies
§ Technology – SW, HW, materials
§ Physical context – Spatial location, light, sound, motion
§ Social context – Collaboration, sharing
§ Information context – AR, interoperability
§ Temporal context – Time, hurrying, before and after usage
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Temporal context
Fragmentarians § Momentary use sessions (e.g. news, weather) § Short use + small screen à few, well focused
tasks § Temporal considerations – Time – of day, week, holiday, etc. – Actions expected before and after usage – Time related states – hurrying, waiting – Save time vs. waste time – Frequent vs. one-time – Synchronous vs. asynchronous
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Spatial context
Context-awareness § Uses context characteristics to provide relevant
information and services to the user § Partly addresses the emergent property § Factual data: location, time, light, device § Opportunities – Presentation of information and services – Automatic execution of services – Tagging information to support later retrieval
§ Common activities and their relation to places
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Task-related context
One eye, one thumb § Selective attention due to multitasking with the
real world – Public space in the background – Interruptions switch user attention
§ Size and location of interactive elements § Consume vs. produce information § Goal- vs. action-related tasks § Static vs. dynamic activities
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Social context
Chosen over chance socialness § Mobile phone strengthen the most intimate personal
relationships in individual life § “Pacifier for adults” – reduces feelings of loneliness and
vulnerability – Sharing of moments
§ People in the social circle are more likely to influence the use than those in the proximity à develop dependency on them – Help in unpredictable or new situations
§ Less planning and scheduling, more spontaneous and ad-hoc actions based on current whims – Collaboration, coordination of actions
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Information context
Content first, navigation second § People want quick answers to questions § Time and screen space are precious assets – Get straight to the content – Information needs
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Technological context
Cross-channel user experience § Multiple channels for users to interact – TV, Web, mobile, tablet, IM, physical office – Second screen solutions (e.g. YouTube pair)
§ Interoperability between different mediums § Dependencies § Understand common activities for each channel – Each channel has unique strengths and specific
contextual considerations – Customer journey / context mapping
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Tesler’s Law
Conservation of complexity § Some complexity is inherent in every process § There is a point beyond which you cant
simplify the process any further – you can only move the inherent complexity from one place to another – Human vs. system
§ E.g. email, mobile payment
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TS 4.2.2014
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Kiitos!