your mind and how to use it - 1911.pdf

7/28/2019 Your Mind and How to Use It - 1911.pdf

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i

Your Mind and How to Use It


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ii

Writings

T F B E L

T L N T

N N T

Mm C: T S Ob, Rmmb R

Dm T T L Vb E

T Vb L A T W

P MR

P Pm C Gz

T M B C

T S M M

M F

SH b T F

MP: T L Dm M

P M I

R L Km

T I C

T S SMm: H Dp, U I

Sb Sp P M

S AS

T A Exp

T A L T

T N P: I M, Pp P

T W

TCHm N: I I S O Fm

M B M S P C

p: I T, F P

T Cb M T

T P Smp

T P S

S P

T M N TY M H U I

T M B

MP: T S M M

T N P H

N T: I H Pp


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iii

Your Mind and How to Use ItA Manual o Practical Psychology

1911

William Walker Atkinson18621932

YogeBooks: Hollister, MO

2011:08:17:14:58:18


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iv


5/185

v

Dedication

I m m m

, bm m f.


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vi


7/185

vii

Contents

Cp I. W M

Cp II. T Mm M S.

Cp III. T G N C.

Cp IV. C. Cp V. A.

Cp VI. Pp.

Cp VII. Mm.

Cp VIII. MmC.

Cp IX. Im.

Cp X. T F.

Cp XI. T Em. Cp XII. T I Em.

Cp XIII. T P.

Cp XIV. T S Em.

Cp XV. T R Em.

Cp XVI. T A Em.

Cp XVII. T I Em.

Cp XVIII. T R Em. Cp XIX. T Em Hpp.

Cp XX. T I.

Cp XXI. Cp.

Cp XXII. C Cp.


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viii

Cp XXIII. Jm.

Cp XXIV. Pm L T.

Cp XXV. R. Cp XXVI. I R.

Cp XXVII.D R.

Cp XXVIII. F R.

Cp XXIX. T W.

Cp XXX. W.

Cp XXXI. W.


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1



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2


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What is the Mind?

3

Chapter I.

What is the Mind?

P

sychology is b

m, m pp m

, , . I m m bj p

b b mp b m,

b p bj

m . B m

b m, m

m b p b

xp m m p b xp m

m. T mp xp m

x xp

. P m xp pm m,

p pm m,

m b .

T p p p,

m m b z

p. T pm m m,


12/185


4

m . S m ,

b p b. Sm

b bbb p m m. S

pp, pp,

, b acts pm

, pp , p b

p . A p;

m p, m

p m p mp, m p b, b

m m. T b

m mp pm

b , b

p.

Dp m m

p pp mp, p

m , m m

pm. E pp b

p

. T pm p pp,

xp P. Wm Jm, :

Pmm m ,pp, , pp ;

,ruits, consequences, acts. M

p pm m

bj m. L mp m

p m m, b

p m

, p m b m mb pm b m ,

, . m p

m m b , m m b


13/185

What is the Mind?

5

p z. W mp

p , p pp j.

Mind Deined.

M p b

, , . T q

, b b, m

b m b

p. M, xp ,

b . I . M m m

b p m m

p. S Wm Hm xp m

pb, : W m b m mp

that which p, , , , . W

p, , , , ,

mpb m p m m m;p pm bm m b.

hink Aout hat Which hinks.

Pp mp m

x m b

b Gm p

b b b m, , xmp. T , N that which

thinks about the desk. T, p, , T

b , b

, bj m p.

T p m

m.

P G p: T m m b that which , , , m b

, ,

m , . B b that

which , , , b


14/185


6

W Y pbb , b. B,

p , b, p

p, m m p m, p p, m m

m . I , m ,

m p m

m

b , , . I b

m . T b

p m b , , . T

p ,

m , , ,

m , m

x. I m m

b b p the science o the experiences,

phenomena, or acts o the mind, soul, or selo mental acts, ina word.

I , xmp

b m , b

q m

m mp,

mental acts, m, b m

m b .T m pm b

b :

I. T mm m , i. e., b,

m, , .

II. T C p.

III. M p , i. e., (1) S

Pp; (2) Rp, Im Mm; (3)F Em; (4) I, R U;

(5) W V.

M p p p mm

m, m b m m.


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What is the Mind?

7

M , p , b

b m .


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8


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9

Chapter II.

The Mechanism of Mental States.

T

he echanis m m m

b m , ,

b, m, . Nm m b m, m

m b , m b

m m p p mm

m m .

W m, b p p

p mm xp . A

p p b , b p m. T b

m mpx m b

mp , p p

m . T

pp b b m

. T p

.

he Nerves.

T b b m ,

b p m. T


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10

m m p b

f b. T m

m mp m b p b, mp m ppp p

b. T

b, b pm p

, , , x, .

O , p, .

T mp

b. T b ,

p b, m . W

m x,

b m . T

; b

p , m, ,

. I , b b pm .

he Sense o ouch.

T

b. T p contact

p bj. B m p

bj, b m bj, , ,

, , ., mp.

Sm , , xmp,

p ,

mp , , ,

b. C

m p p, m p

mp bj m

. Sm p

, p .


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he Mechanis o Mental States.

11

T p b p m

mp p.

, q p mp.

he Sense o Sight.

T m mpx

p pp pp m

. W

mmb , b p , b p m. T p

m b

, m mp m

b. B, pp ,

, m

; m. T mp f

p p .

he Sense o Hearing.

T m p

. T mpm, m,

b , ,

p m, p m ,

b. T p b

p, , q, m, p,

mpm. A ,

b

, ,

b , , pb b b m. I m

m b

b m .


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12

he Sense o Sell.

T m m m

mmb . I p bj, m p

bj m mmb .

T pb b p

p; m

f. T p m p mp

. C b

m m , m m mp b. T

p b.

he Sense o aste.

T m ,

b. Sb m m , mp m ,

p b. T

m m b

, z.: , b, , , .

T mp f

p xp m ,

p m b p p.


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13

Chapter III.

The Great Nerve Centers.

T

he great p mp p

p xp m

b p , p.

he Sinal Cord.

T p p b

p m bb. I

p x

p m b . I

b, , f m b . I mp m

m b m. Fm

p , , m p

p b b

m . x p

m. T p b

p m, j b pp pz p b

p b j

b. Ij b b

p m , b b


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14

m mp m b m

mb p b.

he Ganglia or iny Brains.

W , b ,

p m,

p . T p mm

b, pm q mp f

mm . T p

p, m mp, m , b b m. T

x .

Rele Action.

W x

m m

mm, m p p,

mp pb

b. I b

b, b , ,

mb b b

m, pb

p m mp. I q bm q

m m .

A , p ,

m mp , . T m

bj pp b

. I p

m mp bmp. T x . T mm

. T j

b b , p b

p p, . T ,


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he Great Nerve Centers.

15

, m x

.

M , m bm q x,

m b, b m q

b m mp p

p. T m mm

pm , , , ,

, p p, m

, , . T qm p , m mm p ,

, , p p ,

x . M p

p m m m m x

m . T m meel will b m

b b b b.

W m m b, p mp p m

b.

he hree Brains.

W b m

b, p (1) medulla oblongata, (2)

cerebellum, (3) cerebrum. I m m ,

bm b

b.

Te Medulla Oblongata.T m b

m p b b. I f

b,

p, , m, . I b , m b b p

mpx x . I m

mp m .

I b m,


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16

, b pm p

.

Te Cerebellum.T bm, b, j b m b, j b

p bm b. I mb

p x ,

b m . I , p b

bm m b,

m . I mb

mp q x, , m m m mm, b

q bm b. T , b,

p, m p p bm

pm mm

m. O m b

q m mm

m, bm bm . O q

p bm m

mm mp

m b p .

Te Cerebrum.T bm, b (

b b p),

pp p , p b p . I

mp. T b m

bm z pz

, m p

, m

mp p . M

z b b , m . T pbb m

z

m mp.


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he Great Nerve Centers.

17

he Corte.

T , mm, m b

, xp m b cortex b

m p m b b.

I , m, pbb p

pm b x b.

T x p , p

, m b q . T

p b m mb, , p m m

x, . I m b

, b xp,

m m

b, x pp

z b. T x, m b mmb,

p , b p, , mb p E

. T mp bm

mp b

p m m

p.

W p p pm

b xp m mm m p, b m

m mp m p. T

p xp m

p.


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18


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19

Chapter IV.

Consciousness.

T

he act m

p. I f m,

p b b . Wb

x, , m p, .;

mm pp bj, ,

; b ; b b . A

m b ;

p, , m b

x, mm, , , . H : T b

m b m.

I b

. B, , mp

mpb ,

m q m

m m . W m, b

b b . A q

mpb pp b.

Hx : H mb


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20

m b b

, j b pp

j A bb mp. A m b

m b p

b p m p

b m p. B

z m p m m

m b m

pp m .I mm pp

bj . T mpb,

bj. W

m , m m ,

bj. A pb b

m xp . W

b m. W see;

m

m mp m

. W

p ;

m p b

p m . W b m .

I m xp m

bm . W (1)

m xp mm, (2)

xp p, b xp

mm b p mm, b

mb mm b m.

Suconscious Planes.

B m b m

m . T b


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Consciousness.

21

xp m . T z

m ,

m m. B

b mm

xp p, b

b

, b mmb. I

, , m m m

pm m . I m p mp p

, m b

b p . I

p , , p

p m

m .

O b p m m , b p m

mp . I

b pm p p m

m, , m b

m, bb m m

, p, , m , p

mm mb. I b m p

. m pm b

. T p p

m m

m. T p m p

.

T b m b m b xp

m xpb . I , pbb

b b m

ocusing o attention p m , bj


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22

m p

m m b .


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23

Chapter V.

Attention.

I

ntiately connected bj

p m . A

pp m m. I ,

b m j

,

b . W

mp q , xp

p m p

b p bj. T p mp p ,

m

mpb.

I mm b , , , , m

bj m

m. B p

. T bm p

, . T ,

m p

b, m bm


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24

p b

b x . F , m

, m b , p b; m

,

m b. W m

p m pp

, b p m

m m p . T m

m b p,, xp p

b b. W p

b p ; m

p q

; b b

q p p

b m . N pp p p

, b p , mm,

, p p m m.

P , z.:

(1) (2) .

V b m

bj m b . I q

, m p x,

m m . V

p, m m ,

, . Sm

m mm p

b p m , m b m

z.

I , x ,

b p m


33/185

Attention.

25

m. T mm m , b

m m m b

b bj, b b m b m .

I m mp

p . N p

p , b m

p b . T

p m pm.

raining the Attention.

T m b b

p m m

p m. T

p m p b practice

and use. B p, m b bj p

, p . I

, b m b

b . B xm

bj, b m

, p

.

T pm . T m work, practice, and use. Y

m p , pm

b p p .

B b

bm . m

bj p m p . T ,

m m, , , pbb , , ., . Kp m p

, . T, p

, bj m b,

p x , p


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26

. T m b to hold the thing in

your mind, b b discovering eatures o

interest in it. T m b , m p

p . B m

b m b , .

A m m bm m

, b j . G m b

bj xm. T bj

b m b . I, m bj , ,

b

pb .Anythingm b bj bj

q; b m b

m x. T b q,

p m . Y

bj bj q, , , m p m. B

m p pm

p .

I m p

, mmb any

x p , p

; , , x p . T

b

. T b b m,

x p b p .

I p ,

b mmb ocusing

p bj bj, b shutting mp m bj bj.

Sm

m m, m m m

b . O p


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Attention.

27

b m b p

, m x. W narrowing

the circle mm p p .

T mm b

x p ,

m q

. A p b p

m analysis p,

synthesis b p m p. E p p x,

m b p m

m m m b

x p bj mm

p.


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28


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29

Chapter VI.

Perception.

I

t is mm m perceive

p m b . A m

p b m p p . T p b ,

p b , m p b ,

p b ,

, b perceived observed b m.

W p b , x

, p ,

m p p. W pp pp p m, p

p pp m mp

m.

T xp f

b sensation perception. A

mp p , .

Pp thought m eeling . Pp mb

pp. B m eels; b

pp knows , z bj

. S m b p m


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30

bj, pp p

bj . Pp interprets p

. S p m b;pp p , m,

, m. S p p,

p, p ; pp p p

p. S p p b;

pp p b b.

M, m p mp ,

pp p . Pp mp p m

bj bj m. I

p mm p xp m

m p. Mm, m, ,

p, m x, pp. T

b b pp, b xp

b m pp m pp. Smb pb, pp

m m . T c, a,

t mbz , , m m m,

mbz pp bj.

I b ;

m b

. B, m, m b mmb mp p mp, m,

m . T p actual thought,

, b pp. Fm pp

p m. Pp p

p

p xp; b p xp. T

xp, pb pp, b q.

W pp b, m

, q

p . T q


39/185

Percetion.

31

; p q

p b;

q . I , , , m, mp q

, p, , pm, p

pp mp bj .

A percept p; bj

pp. T pp, , m

p bj. I mb

q bj, mb mm p

xp, , , . A pp, ,

mp m , b m .

T m pp , z.:

(1) T m m

p; (2) m p

b m bj m; (3) p ,

p, q

bj.

T p b pp m

b x m b mmb :A sensation

is a eeling; a percept is a simple thought identiying one or more

sensations. A m x ; pp m

m p .

Develoing Percetion.

I m mp p

p pp. F p

m p pp p. W m b m bj,

p m x Up pp p

m m . M p

p m b . T


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32

p m,

p, b pp m

b p p . T , b p b

b m; m m. O m

m , observe b . I p

p, m

p p, , b.

N p b

p p pp, b pm p m . I b p

m p

pp p; p, b,

. T m p m

m p

. I b

pp b p p p

pp . T Ab I

b m z .

b , m ,

p b pp.

Pp m b p b p. B b

. Kp p m. N pp,

, . L ,

m. D m,

b p p . T

m m p m

xm m , p b

p b pm pp.A m p,

, b, b,

b, ;

. V p


41/185

Percetion.

33

b m

b. Cmp p b b

, b m .

H, F j, b p b p

p , p

. B q b

p. H m m

mp b m

p m , m , , b b

b q , b

b m m. A m

p Y b b b

q p m.

A p q analysis

p p pp. Cq, z , m p

m, p pp . I

x xm m m bj

m p p pp pb,

m pp. T m m bj,

xm, .

I p , p mp q p

b. T p p

m p x , p

mpm m . B

p , b

pb to begin to take notice ,

xp p , , , q , the little

things especially. Pp, , ; b,

, m b b b

, p, .


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34

T b b m

p pp. T

b knows m believes b . O

m p m. N

p p p, b

m pp. T

m m

b p b I m

, p inside b pp.B b bj, p

m m pb, b

.

T p . I

m, m m , b

p p . T p

p b p,b, . T

pp

. T m p

, b m m b .


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35

Chapter VII.

Memory.

P

sychologists class p m p

mm m, p.

T m p p p p p

m b p

b p m . A Hm :

T pb q ,

b p

p p ,

p p .

Mm pm p p

m. Im p p mm m,

. E m

p mmb, ,

p , pp, m m,

, p xp m p pmm m. Mm

m p p m

xp. I p b m

, p pm b


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36

p . I p

x.

W mm b . O b, pp pp

b .

I m m mm

m, b p

. Mm p

m, m m.

I b b m, xp m b . I

xpb .

T mp mm b m. N

m p

p , b m b b p . I

mm, m p m b

m b bb. H bb p b xp. H b b m

pp. H b b m

jm. T p p m p

mm p xp; m ,

b .

Mm mp , z.: (1)

T retention mp xp; (2) reproduction mp xp .

I m mm

p mp xp

b . B p mp

xp b . I m

mp p , b

xpm p, , mm ppp f

m b m .

T pm mmbm, m, , m,

pp , ., b m


45/185

Meory.

37

mm m pp ,

m .

T p mm p mp xp mmb,

, mm. T p m

, b xm p mm

p m b p b p. T

b p x p

p mp, p p

m .R b ,

pp b m . T

m , b

mmb. R

b x. L , mm

b bm xp f b x,

f b m.I p p,

mp p mm, z.: (3) R

p mp xp; (4) z

mp, m m

p.

T mp q mp.

I mp b .I b z mp

b xp b, b

b p; pp

m b b

mp . R

. R pp.

T m bm mp j bm . I z

mp j

z bj.


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38

T z z mp

mp. E z mp,

b mp b pp , , m,

, , m m p;

pp f, ,

p , m p. W p

z b b

mmb m, p, p

b p b p.

Retention.

T m mp mm

p m p p

mp. A p,

p , p p b p mp. A, ,

mp m mp.

T : Slight attention, aint record; marked attention, clear

and deep record. x m, m

p p mm

pp . T pm

pp p , p attention. T m

p

. A m b b ,

pp j. A, , m b mmb

p p m

p p mp

; , p. I b mb pp

m; m p p mm.

I mmb

p p . T


47/185

Meory.

39

xp mmb m

. T pp b

xp. T mmb b

. O mmb , , p

, , . I b ,

, p

m mmb. T mmb

, . T

m p b m, mmp . T p q

. T m f

p ,

m . T m :

Arouse and induce an interest in the things which you wish to

remember. T m b b

q, p p.

Visualiation in Meory.

M b mp

m b m p, p p

m f, b p

visualizing b mmb. B z m

m mental image m.I mmb pp ,

, , m

p pp m p m.

I , p mp b m

mm,

m m . O

mb b m m, mmb .


48/185


40

Percetion in Meory.

N m mm

, b pp mp. W pp ,

m . I m

mmb ; mmb what

, b . T p m p

pp, p , p

, p, ,

p mm. T : Te greater the degree operception accorded a thing, the greater the detail o the retained

impression, and the greater the ease o the recollection.

Understanding and Meory.

A mp p q mp mm

: Tat the better the understanding o the subject or object,

the clearer the impressions regarding it, and the clearer therecollection o it. T p b xpm xp.

A bj b mmb f

m b mmb

xp p, mp b m

xmp. I f mmb

m ,

m m b mmz . I what a thing is or, mpm, mmb

m . Eb,

mb xpm , p

mmz z p b

m q mmz m m

b. G pb

J Hp U m j . I , p

; . T : Te more one knows

about a certain thing, the more easily is that thing remembered.

T p .


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41

Chapter VIII.

MemoryContinued.

T

he suect mm b p

L

A, mp p pp.

he Law o Association.

W p L A

b no idea exists in the mind except in

association with other ideas. T z,

mj p p .

B x pp m b m b

p . E

. I p, p

p, ,

m

. T, , b pb b

m p, b. O

p . W b

p m bj , b

mmb b


50/185


42

. B p

p . I

b . P b b . T m b b b

mp m , p

m mp, m

xp, q.

O ,

b . O m p

xp pp . A m ,

, , pp

b p p. A

m m p

pm p p; m , pp,

m . O m m

m , m, m p p. A m pb

m m, p

, xp b

q mmb xp. O ,

, m pp b m ;

b . I , q

p , z x. F , m m,

, H m ,

, m m b p.

T

mm, z.: (1) A , (2)

.

A m p p p m p

b mp m. F ,

m M. M. W m

, mmb M.


51/185

MeoryContinued.

43

W. M. W., . Y

mmb Np W, B

A Mj A, m .Y mmb b c

a. L, b m

b p, ,

pp, m m

. I m

mmb j b j

m mm; p .

L p p

b . T

m m m m

p m, m

p. O m b, p b

b b m , m bj. O m b

pp ,

. L p p

, p m

p. T b

p m b xp .

T m z m p p b b m b

. Wm

b .

Association in Meory.

I m L A

mp p mm , , Mp ;

mmb m

pb, p . H

p p mm. A


52/185


44

B : N p m m

. C , m;

m , b mm .

Reetition in Meory.

A mp pp mm

mp q p b p. Rp

p , m mmb ; p ,

mmb ;p f mb m, p

mmb . T pp

p . T : Constant

repetition deepens memory impressions; requent reviewing and

recalling what has been memorized tends to keep the records

clear and clean, beside deepening the impression at each review.

General Rules o Meory.

T b .

p mm:

Making Impressions.

(1) B .

(2) C .(3) M pp.

(4) C .

(5) Fm .

(6) Rp .

Recalling Impressions.

(1) E , mm b .

(2) W mp, b

p mp, m

pb.


53/185

MeoryContinued.

45

(3) P mmz ,

. T mm mp b p,

b .(4) Dm mm,

p. L , .

H xp mm

b

mm I ; I mmb Y mm

p p m ; m

b m. mm xp ;

m b b m.

Final Advice.

F, mmb : Y mm

p . P , , p

mp, p , , . T mm pp ,

p mp

p . I mm p . Y

m mm b m . O

m , m,

f b mmb,

mm f m mmb m. Mm m b

. I m b

. I m b

. I m b p

. I m p b p. T

mm p m, b

. I b pm mp b q

m . O q

mm, m .


54/185


46

. B , b

.


55/185

47

Chapter IX.

Imagination.

T

he iagination b m

p p , b

m p p, p , mp p

p .

A , m p

p mm m p

mp. B m m m mm

p xp

mp. T , p , p mp

m mb. T m

mp, b creates

mb m m m .

P m p

b mp p m

mm, b ppx . I , ,

, b mp p m

mm, m

p


56/185


48

b p mm p. I mp p

m mp m m m

m p xp p pm m. T m mm, xp

m . I m

mm, m ,

m , m m p

p m. T m p b

p mpb

b m, p b p. O m mmb

p p m p mm

m, p .

B mm mmb m p

b m p p

m. Mm, , x

m b p m m. T, , m p.

B

constructive imagination. T m m pp

p m,

m p . G m

b p m:

T b p m m m m

p m copies o past experience,

m m .

p m, mb m,

p p m,

p p

xp. O mm, , , mb ; b p m , b

b .

M p m m

p m p


57/185

Iagination.

49

p mb m

p b mp p m, p bj

, q , m p xp. B

I b b

m m new combinations

mp F , ,

m m m. B

m m

m , , b , b , b, , ,

p , p , m .

E p x m

m, , mp p,

x b. I m

mp b, ,

, , m m. T , b, m m, , , .

T mm , m, m, j

b . T m

, b, m m, ,

, m, p

mp m m b pp p.

E mp m m xp. T m m p m

mpb m , b p

b p m x

, xp b m p

b.

I m m m p m

p m m, b p

, b b b m xp

p . F , m

m m mm ,


58/185


50

mb . L, m m m

m , b H C, b

Abp Cb, , , b b ,

. I m

m m b ,

p m, p .

T b m b m m . I ,

m , ,

m b mb , . Sm p

m m mm x p

mp;

p m.

T m b p

m, j

b. T mp m p . W m

m m p. I

mpb bj

p m. A mm

p p m

m , p p

.

Develoing the Iagination.

T m pb pm .

T pm m

p

pm mm. T m

p m; m pmp m m; m

p mp, q mpm

. T p z, ,

p m mm,


59/185

Iagination.

51

p b m . T m m

b b b p

mp mb m . Tm mm m b p mb

p. I m m

p b m

p m

p. I m b p m

b p m m m.

I p, , mm p m,

p p m.

M p m m

p b

m . Dm ,

p .

Iagination and Ideals.

A, , mmb

m p m b p p

m m m

m m . O

p p . A

.O pp character.

I , , b p m

b , m

. T p

b p

. W b . I

, q q m b m p , p

b , p p

q p . C

p p


60/185


52

; m

b.

M, m mp b . M m mm mp mm

b p

m m pbb

. I m m m b p

m b m

p m pb . T

b b pm b m f m p pb

p. T , b, p , b

, m m

m m. T m p

m m b p

b . W pp p

: A, , m m.T m p p q

m. L m m .

Im m pb p, b p

b p j pp. T p

b m, p j,b

p T p m

m , .H p ,

b m p p

m .

A, mp p

m p p m. O

p pbm

m m p . Im mp. O m b p

p , b m m

. T p

mpz m m


61/185

Iagination.

53

m. T pp

m. T pp

m b b pp. A pb m m b m p

m m ,

mp . T

m

b m . Im

.


62/185


54


63/185

55

Chapter X.

The Feelings.

I

n thinking m m

m p

, , . B, , p m

m. T m,

m p m

pp j

m,

p b mp m p

m m. T mb ,

, , , ,

p, ,

q xp

.

B b m,

m mp p. T m mp p, mpx. G p,

mb x b

pp, xp p p.

B mp,


64/185


56

mpx, mp

.

T m. , p, b mp agreeable disagreeable

m . T b b

m q m ,

mp m. O m p

p m b

b m. O,

p p , mp m . B m

m . A

p

m m b

b. I m

b, , p, m

m , b b.T b b

.

I f xp xp m.

W m, m,

eels , j ,

. A

xp m xp m . O p p p xp

. A : I

p, p, , , q m m

m . E m

b . T m

,

m b b, , m m, m

m p p. Hb m

m pp , b

.


65/185

he Feelings.

57

T m m

mp . B xpm

. I b bj b

p m . P

p , m: W xp

m

bj , bj;

b xp

, bj p. A : M b m; b m m

b bj m.

A p b

m

p p xp

m, m m. F , m

p , p; m p j ,

. T m p

m p m. A

: Y p p,

p p p, p

p. B

m , p p.T . G :

A m p p . B

p m m p

m f pbm,

; p zb

p m

m p . B p

p; p. A,

p p, .


66/185


58

T m . Sm m

p m m; m

p p ; m m , m

m m ; m p

b m; m p b

p m .

O m p

p; , , b p m

xp pb m mp pp . F ;

, m xp pb

, m

xp p

. T p m p

b xp . A ,

m b (1) m p , (2) m .

T p p p

m m q

b xp. I xm

p b b ,

, bm p

. F , m mp , , , m, ., m

x. T , , p

p m p, m, x,

. M

. m q b p

, m , . ., b p

mp m pb . W m p q

pp .

T p p m m

. M m


67/185

he Feelings.

59

m m p. T

b , b; ,

p b m m p p pp m.

O m p p p

xp, , m p

p m, . T

xp p p, m

b, m;

. N xp p p , b

m p xp . I ,

b p mm

m. P m p

m . T m, j m. O

mp, p p m p,

m .M b

p pm m, b

m mpx p . F pp

mp

m m, b mp

x b pp. I

m m , m mpx xp.


68/185


60


69/185

61

Chapter XI.

The Emotions.

A

s we p , m

m mpx p . A m

m mb . M, m . A , m

m p m . Em,

, , p p an idea xp,

p .

F, , m p m ,

, , p

m .H : W p pp,

mb m p m. A

M mb m,

m,

m b. Spp

M R; p

Mpp b j M. Emm b Mpp ater j

mb p . T m

m b b p b. T

mp m . T


70/185


62

m mmb m p

b . T m

b m. J M

,

m . I b m p

, , m mm m

xp p p.

T b m

p xp p m b m p

mp . P

. O p xp

m m . F ,

m, p xp m

. T m p b

b, p, b, . O m

p m m ,

p b p p,

, pp j, p , mb

, . A , pp ,

m p p xp.

B p, P.Wm Jm , p

xp p m . F ,

b , pp

x p m,

b xp. T m

xp , , p m

m , m b. P Jm, m , m

b m pp , p

p

bj. O, , mb b


71/185

he Eotions.

63

q b m, bj

p p .

W b , mp p p p

m b m m

ppp p xp ,

m b , b

. F , b ,

pp p p

, m q m, m m , m b, p

xp . T p m

p . T m p p

xp . T p xp

p m m

m . A , m

p xp p b b m x . T m

p m qm ,

pbb m xm .

D , T Exp Em

M Am, bj

xp m p m. T F

, P Mzz, D xmp m

xp b. T F D,

xp b m,

m b bj. T

bj b m

p xp m ,

m xp b x .

T b m

m p b b

pb pp m pm .


72/185


64

I b p p

xp m ;

p . L, q p p xp m

b m .

H : I p ,

m , p,

, . E xp

p b p

. I b m xp , ,

q . N p

b b pb

xp m;

, p

m m m. T

b xp b m m.

I m

q p m P. Wm Jm:

R xp p . C b

m . W p

p m p. O ,

mp p, p m , m . T m

b pp m ,

xp : I q b m

, m ,

b, mm

p p .

Sm b, b , p m, p mj ,

m b

.


73/185

he Eotions.

65

A m H : A q

m

ppp m mm. I , ,

m bm ;

, m . A Gm

p m

p .

T q

m bm q p p

. I pp

m b m m

b pp p. P, p, p,

q, b . E

p pp , b

p x pb p xp b

m xm.

Sm m p m

xm xp m

b . T m b . W

m b

, q m x

m ,

, . M, x m

xm xp p

b

p . I

S , m p m m

b.

Em xm xp p

p b , ,


74/185


66

, m

p. Em, p p,

bm b b p. A b p m p. E m m

, p m p m,

p x m. I m m

q b, b

x m. I m b b

m xp m b m.

A p , , m

m m. I b

m b mare m, , b mj p.

W m b b

; b m; xp

b . B

m m,, p, , m, m m ,

m m p m

. Em b m ,

m p m m

pp. I p

m b pp:A mental state may be inhibited or restrained by

turning the attention to the opposite mental state.T

m .

W m

pm

p m

. T , b m,

m . T b p . I mp

p m p b b m

m m . H

m, m m.


75/185

67

Chapter XII.

The Instinctive Emotions.

M

any attets m b

m b p, b b

b pp bj any

b mp. A Jm

p : A m

b , m

pp. T f mp

m m m

mpx, m p m xm. E m b . J

m m m b p

mb, m m b

p m. I

m b m mb

m b, m

m , m b p.T m m b m mb

m m pp m . M,

b


76/185


68

, b m ,

mp .

F pp , m , : (1) I

m, (2) m, (3) m, (4)

m, (5) m. W

b .

he Instinctive Eotions.

I , , pmp ,

mp b m

pm , mp

m. A : I mp

m, p xp, pm

pp

p, pp bj m b pp m, b

b m mp. I m ,

b, p b

m q, xp b

pp mm p

. M. D m, m p

, m q, . I

. T b , m b

m p.

I m b

m, m, m

mp p b

. B pp p b

.

pm ,

m xp b


77/185


69

mm, b

q b xp. P

m p x , m,

m, pm b

m m mm xp.

C : I m x . T

m m m ; b m

m m z b ,

b p; b b x; p p b; b

, b , p p ;

b bb m b

p , ,

, bm m,

, p m b

m m m , , b, m p.

S : I m, p ,

, m . T

, b , p m p

b m p

. B, ,

q pp . C b m

p, p m . E

b mb m

m , m x

. T

m m , m . T

xpb

mmmb

m m b ,


78/185


70

p b, m p b

b ,

pb b pp ,, , p, .

Jm : N mm m

m m b m b

, mp m b

. W m

m p m m mm m

mp mmm, pbb p pp

. On the contrary, man possesses all the

impulses that they have, and a great many more besides. H

p p ,

. T b

m mp b

m b, b p pp m. C p

, m, p p

. T pbb xpb

mb mp . b

mxmm, m m m

mb, , , xpb ,

p m , m p (, , p), b

xp. I , p,

p p p

m m m m, m

m m

m m p b m m bj

m . T f xp ,

p m, p

m, b xp

m .


79/185


71

I m m mp m

m m

m . I m m pm m x p,

b m b ,

x . T

m b, b .

T m b p ,

b m p, b

. I pxp , m b p

mm. I bj p

p. I m

m m m mm,

p ; ,

p p , b b

, b b p , b p

m b

p .

T m m m m

p ,

m, p p . T m

mp p , . I

m

, mb

q m , p mb

m b . T m

b ,

p m p m p . I pm

b . W m pp,

m ; p


80/185


72

p. E z m b

f .


81/185

73

Chapter XIII.

The Passions.

A

rising ro m m m,

m b m p. B m

p m m m

p, p p. I

m p ,

, , j, , . T m

m , mp m. T

p m p, p

p, , zm, ., m b m mpx p m

m. T m m

p m

xp m p m

mb, , , , .,

m p

p m x , j, .T x mb, ,

p, .

I m b

m p bm p .


82/185


74

B m b m

, p p m , mp b z .

N b m m

m b . Fm

x p

m m, m m,

b m p

, p. T m m

m, p p. I

m x m

mm, b p, m

, mpp, b m

, b m

p b m m mm m p x . I m ,

m ( , )

b p m m b,

b p

. Hm b x,

, m p m

, , , m, m m

mpx pm m .

T mp m p m m

m. I, m ,

pp b b m m x

. T Wm Jm

: T m, b , m

, , b

p. H

p mp b p ; b


83/185

he Passions.

75

m p m

pp , must p;

p b bp pp, must , b;

must m , m m,

. N, m m

p m

W , , bm m

b bj

, m pp T ad hominem. W

p b b

. W m , ,

b W

W, m, p m,

m ,

m W m m b m m

mp

N m b m ,

,

m m . S m m

, m m . B

, b b mm m

ppp . N m m,

, . H b

, m m m. I

m ** m ,

pp pbb

.Jm : I , , B

m b b p m

m , why

m . mp q


84/185


76

: W m p W

b W

p m p Tmm m , O course m, o course

pp , o course

m b p m,

ppb m m b ! A

, pbb, m b p

p p bj. T, ,

a priori . m b ; b, b. b

m m b

m ,

p, bmp bj

. T m b m m

m m pp , pp

m m. A m , m b , mp p

f , m

mm x pp . I

m b x.

O , , p p

m. I p

. B ,, , m,

b b b . O

q b

p , m x . S

m mp m

q, b ,

xp m , b pbp, m

m . T pb q b

mp, xp . Pb

p q p mb b


85/185

he Passions.

77

m, m m m m, . I

, pp m,

b, m q b m p b m b b .

T m m

m m, , p m,

b m , , m,

, .

E m m

b m b qm p,, , m

.

T pp m , ,

m, p p, ppb

p m .

(1) B m p xp, m

p b m.(2) B b, m m

m .

(3) B p m p

x bj, m m.

(4) B pp m, m

b .

(5) A, , b q , bm , m , m

b p .

T p , ,

b m . T ,

, , b b,

p .

, m () . H m mp

p b b. W ,

, j b, p m


86/185


78

, ,

pp j b.


87/185

79

Chapter XIV.

The Social Emotions.

A

s an bm m p

, b , ,

m, q m. Em m b bm m

, p m (a)

m , b ,

m m m; (b) tendency

m q m p p

f m. H

m.U m

q

m ,

b

m. I m mp

pm b

b, b , xp , m m ,

mm. I p m

mp, , . I

p , b , ,


88/185


89/185

he Social Eotions.

81

p . I m mp

pp . T mm

b, m, b p b ,

mp p

. T, p , p

b m mpx .

T xp m m

, b p m,

, . S, m x ,

p , b ,

, xp, , . C,

, mp

m . C b b

, b depends entirely upon the heredity, education,

experience, and environment o the individual. I mp m , m

. A

m ; , m

. W mm

m E, . M ,

, m . T

b b , p. T m

, m m

mp .

M m pp

m , b p ,

p p . I

p p p m

z. I p m

b p x p z

b p x ,


90/185


82

mpm b, p pm

b, p , . I ,

m, q b m mm m b m b b

p b. I m m

b mm m p

p. I m m b

mmb

, p

m . N m pb , b

p mp

. A m pp m

.

T , , m m m b p

b m

, pp . T

m

m , p

pb, , p. T

mp,

p , b

b b . T z, , m

. T m, pbm

, m . I b

b

p

, , b.

L m b m mp m m bbm

p z. T ,

, b halz, ,

, m. M m


91/185


92/185


84


93/185


94/185


86

(bj)

p B .

D, D M, mpx , ,

mp bm x m p,

p, , , , p

, pp m. H p

m xp mpx m

m

m . T D, m

m pm

b D.

I m m pb

pp ,

pp

m m m. B m, b b pm p

p, m m. H

b b b , , p

bj, , m, ,

, , , m, . I m

bj b

p b m pp m m . L, m q pmp p

m m,

m b, q, .

T m m pp

b b p

b m. Pm, b m ,

b mm, b .Mm m p

m p p B

m q, b, .

M b b b m things, m


95/185

he Religious Eotions.

87

persons, p, G

p, O U Sp G. I

m , m p U Sp G pp, Spz.

T xm b

b G , p m.

Bm ( m)

Spm B, Um R b U

Law; Bm

, , 400,000,000 .

B belies p m b

m p; eelings

and emotions m p m b. I

m

xp

p. T m m m . T p

b pp. R m

m. I x

, , , p, bm,

, , p, pp . T m

m m b p, m

m x, , b m m,

p p .

W p m m p bm

m pp, .

T m p

m b

. L , m, m , m m, ,

, b b

, pb

m m b p


96/185


88

. I m

,

b . R, m, ,

, pm. W m

b, . B pp m

m

m .

T q m J F T N

G ppp p. F : M m , ,

, mp,

m , m p

p pb b. T m

p m b Hb

Sp F H

. B Sp p m b U

W m pm m ,

m m q

m m m b ;

b m . B

m, p Sp. C, m m

pm m

b b m . F, ,

q q:

W ,

T ,

B b

T m m b p b

m p P

, m; b p p


97/185

he Religious Eotions.

89

pp m ; b m

m ; , ,

b m p p mm b. A H : T m p

b m p G,

b b .


98/185


90


99/185

91

Chapter XVI.

The Aesthetic Emotions.

B

y the m m m

pp

b , b pp mp. I

, m b b

.

B q mb q

bj p;

bj

m . ( m) pp, p p

x m pm; p pp

q ; b, ,

, pp, mm,

x, p ;

m b b p j

b bm . Tp b

, m. I

b pp

, mp


100/185


92

. m m , ,

z

mpb p ppb m .

T , , m p

m m. T ,

, m b mp

m , b

b b. M,

m b m x m, b m, b

pm b,

m x pm

. Hb Sp

p m

q ,

b m b m .

T b m

m m

sensory m, p m

pp bj m

b. T

m pp b, b . J why

p b b,

p p, f

m. A b m m

b bj, m b

m b . I

b m b b m b

. Sm jm

m pp m, m

m m m


101/185

he Aesthetic Eotions.

93

m. B

x m m b

, , pp.G A : T p m

, p , , pp, ,

z q m. T ,

b, b m, q

mb mpm p

pm . C

b. I m p p p m

p, ,

p

mp.

T intellectual m b

m. T m

b bj b m b pp. H : E m m

m , , m, pp, mm,

m . T

m b . I

, p jm m m

mm, m mp p p. N

p mp b b p. I m

m b Ep p,

m b. T pp ,

, mm,

m, p, b.

T m associative suggestion

m m . T m p b ,

x m. T

m, , b

m b m m. T


102/185


94

, m

m b. T , m,

bj m p. T pp,

b b m b. T

b

, m p m,

p p. Sm p

pp p p m mp

! m b. I m b pp,,

b x b . O

, m

m.

T , m

, m.

T m bj xp b ;

m , p

. F , p b m

m m p , m

p m pp. B m

m , q pb , B

m p p m, pp p

m. Sm p b m ,

p p. T

p, , m

, b m m p

m mp m . B b mp

p j.

I pb m p

b


103/185

he Aesthetic Eotions.

95

b , m,

b p m p m ,

m , , b,, m, . I m

p b , m b

b p m b

m. I b

m , m

m ,

m m m.R

b, H : I b

b b

. De gustibus non est disputandum ( p

b ) pb. O q

p, m b,

. W m, m m. A

m m, , ,

m m . T

m p

. O , m,

m. It is xed by the majority

o intelligent people o any age and country. m b j

, xm

b p, .

T m m b p

b x p, p b

m b ,

. App b m ,p p pm, ,

z, , pp b,

b , . T

, bj , b


104/185


96

p mp m, m p

.

I m b m b p

m b x m m

. T , m

x . T

p m

b x m.

G A m p bj :Good taste is the progressive product o progressing neness and

discrimination in the nerves, educated attention, high and noble

emotional constitution, and increasing intellectual aculties.


105/185

97

Chapter XVII.

The Intellectual Emotions.

B

y the m m

m m p bj

. T m p p x ,

m m mp m mpx,

pp, mm, m, , jm,

. T m mp

m , p

m, xp

m .T x pp, ,

pb , m

mp b , xp

m . L,

xp b b mmb

m m b ,

m p mm mm. I m x

m p m

, p, ,

p, b . T x


106/185


98

p m

p.

H : T pbb pp mm N m

m p pp

m p b. W W

m m b ,

p b ,

b , ,

b b , m .

T pb xp p

b, p, m

m. T m m

p. Am

m pp ,

m, , p mpm, m x

b b. pp

m m b m p

m m . I b b

m b m b m

. I m z pp m

m.T bj p

p. m

b j

pb . pp

pp m

.

I m m m, p p

pp. C p

m m

p pp ;


107/185

he Intellectual Eotions.

99

p p p,

p bj . I m,

, pp m p p pp xp

p m ,

m pp b

m;

m p b m

m. A : Hm m

mb b , b

p m, b m

b . W , b

. Hm p m mp,

m . W

mp, .

Sm mp m, p m , b m

p mb . Hm p

b, p b ; ,

, ,

m , , j .

T pm

m p, , p , , x, p. T ( b

, p, p p b,

b p

) pm

m mp . I ,

, m b b

, , pp b m bm jm . T

b . T p p b

.


108/185


100

Blended Eotions.

A b

bj m, mj m mp , b mb m

m. F , m x

, m

m p. B p m b

m x . Ab p p

m mpp, p, ;

; m p m. Hm m m

m . T

bm ,

p. T j bm

j, p m m pp.

T m ,

m , mp mm b . T

mb, p ,

p m. F, b

m, m x

m p b

p pp x. I m

m m mm, b . I b I

, xp.

S b m

p, m x m

. A b,

b. T x xmp mpx

m mm m. I m b p. W ,

, m m. T

p m, b q , I ; !

b , I mp ,


109/185

he Intellectual Eotions.

101

! F, , m mp; mj

mpx. H f ,

m .


110/185


102


111/185

103

Chapter XVIII.

The Role of the Emotions.

T

he average p m p

p b m m

. H p , xp m m

m , mj p

pbm m . T

b m m .

S m b b , m

mj m . T b p b

m, m , m ,

q b b p

. M, b p

b p ; pp m

mj . T , ,

mp b . M pm

j , p p

b , , mp, pj, m. I


112/185


113/185

he Role o the Eotions.

105

. E p

b bj, b p , p

b pp.O jm b . I m

pp m p ,

, p

. I f p

pj, , m jm. I

p, xp p p . I p

b p b

m ; b m

mb q m p . A

m

jm p .

H : O m b , pp

. O m

bj b b . H m

, m ,

. Em q pp, b

b mm, b p .

O p . T ,

mmb m,

m . Em p

m p

, mmz

. Tought is deected

when it passes through an emotional medium, just as a sunbeamis when it strikes water.

A , b m

p p m . A

pm m,


114/185


106

p p

m . W p

p .W m , p,

m, m, ,

, ,

p b p. W

m p ,

b p b ;

p p ppb , jm b

m m , p

p m. W

b , b ,

, , b m b

. T m

m xb m.


115/185

107

Chapter XIX.

The Emotions and Happiness.

H

ainess has b b

pb m m

; jm p p.A pp

. B b .

I b m b satisaction

b pp, pp

pb p m pp p

z . I b

b . P xp b m b m pp

m p x p,

pp p p q

x.

Sm x b p

p ( b b )

b pp. B m, m b pp pp p p

m .

A m b pp m

bj mj p,, ,


116/185


108

every p, pp, , p p

q m m p

m . T pp m m

m .

T p pp

, b m

pp , pp

pp . B m pp

p p p mm, mm p q m

pp . I m mm

b

. L, q pp

p p pp b

j p mm xp p

. T p m pm

, . B, b m ,

m m pp

. T b

, , p p

p b

mm m.T p, , , pp

or its own sake. T m m

m m. S p b

p

pp m . T

p, p m, xp p

. P b m m . I p

b p b , b

. B m, m b

m p p m pp;


117/185

he Eotions and Hainess.

109

m pp

m m p. B p

, m , mm m.

Wm pp

m m m .

Dp p pp m. T

pp

b xp . M,

m pp m m p , x, b

m , pm, m

, ,

m. T p , , , m,

, , m, .,

pp m

pb m . B m b m p p m b. E

, ; b, b. E p

b, m p, ; b p

b .

A m

b p pp, b b

. T b p, m pp ,

m pp;

pp m m p

, p . A

m b mpm,

. T b

pp m . A , , m

m pp m.

A B pp :


118/185


110

, , . C b

b m pp

Hpp p, p p

m b , b

, p p b jm

. T pp,

p p, b b

b

m . b b b p jm

; b b

b m pp

; , , b b

j

b p pp. T ,

, , mb m .

F, m b mmb m pp

p b b p . T

m b Sm Ep. O m

p m p, , pp

p ,

m p mb m b m xp,

m pp m b . p b p,

m j, m p pp

pp p

pp.

T m

pm m p m m m p . D, , m b

b mp . B

m

mp p p ,


119/185

he Eotions and Hainess.

111

q b p

. T, p

pb m . A,

bj m p, b

p bj desire,

p m. B,

b , p

m .


120/185


112


121/185

113

Chapter XX.

The Intellect.

T

he class m p p

m p, m

m , b , p.

I b : T p

m m b , m

p ; ; ;

m m b

mp mm b

pp, m, m p ; p p bj

; p j mp;

p m , m

p p m.

I p p

b xp ,

b perceive m m, b p . W

b p pp b m mm

m, b m b

mb bj pp. W


122/185


114

, p

p p xp p. S

m b m p m, m

mb p m. Up p

m m b mp pp ,

m pb mb mp.

T mp p, ,

p, b m mb.

Up p m b m m, . I m b m

p x m p

m, p b p, m

p p m , , p.

B m . T m p

p mb b p

m b p xp .

T mp m p m

b m . A thinking

m .

W think S , p

q . T m

q : W, think! L m p. T

b m

b, b : mp

p xp mp pp .

B p mp,

mp L .

S m p mm m, m m p (1) mp pp

, p

; (2) m

, m p m b


123/185

he Intellect.

115

b; (3) m

b, mb m (p)

, p, m mm ; (4) p

m inerences, , m

, m jm ; (5)

mp jm jm

m m; .

W , m b p p

p xp , xp mm m m. B

p b

b , m m

b xp m m . A b

p , b m

. I , b pp

m m mb , p

m m . I m

b mmb, , p

m p pp,

m m . T m p

m pp, m ,

m, m , m, m mb m

m m. T

m . I pp

m , b p

m mm .

Concets.W p

m p . T m

bj , p, p

,


124/185


116

p p. I f p

m b. F ,

b, p, , m m. N

, Pp b

m , , m, , , ., xp

p. E m xp p; m

q m pp p. W

p.

W m p : (1) W perceive mb ;. (2) qualities p b

pp, b,

m ; (3) compare q

q

m , ,

, ; (4) generalize

classiy p ; (5) m general idea

concept mb ; , ,

p term, name, mb.

T p general idea ; term

xp . T p

; m label fx .

, p m b, . B pp, mp,

q

x

q m b : Wmb,

, , p, b.

qp m pp E m b.

T m m mb. I Gm m vogel; L, avis; b general idea

concept b , i. e., mb, , ,

p, b, m. I

p q, m b


125/185

he Intellect.

117

b. A b m

q. T m b mb p

mb q x .T b m m

m p. T m m m

b particular thing, p

general class b p

m. F , m m m m

p b, m b, b

b b ,particularb. m m p b

D z f F, m

b, ,

, ; m b,

mm b. I m b mp p

b, m , , , , p,

, mm b. I m p pq b p, b, m ,

. I m xb

b , m b b

b. A m

m p mpb. W m ,

b, p , p

; b p m m b ,

m m . T b

m b m b, p

b m . O m, ,

mm , b mb,

, p, .

T b . Cp things, b

qualities o things. T , , ,

p, b m m m

m b m. W m p thing, b


126/185


118

. S p p b

m mb 1, 2, 3, .,

m . T stand or . Am b xp

p. T q x

m, m .


127/185

119

Chapter XXI.

Conception.

T

he rocess p b b G

m b m ;

m b m . H : I , ,

I m mb

mb p.

Percetion.

T p p, ,

pp. I p p p m p ,

, pp. T, ,

p

mp pp.

Meory.

T p p p m p mm, bj b

mmb q b mm mm

, pp. T, mm

b bj.


128/185


120

Astraction.

T p p m

b q m b . T , m p m set aside b q

. F , m p x

q . H mb

p m q mm,

p q m ,

m mp. B b mp

pb b b, the perceptiono the quality as a thing; , b

q sweetness m . S

quality . I m p b

p m .

C, p, z, m q, b

m q b b

m m . R, , , ,, m, , , , ,

, m, , . b

q . O q

m , b m m

m . A : Am pb

m b,

p m . Ab ,

p b. T b

p x pp m,

b pb b . T p

m mm b, m b

m p bj m.

T p b p p . A q

b q m

. M : Ab pm .

Hm : A b m


129/185

Concetion.

121

p . C p

b m pp . A

m analysis p p, q, m

p p b.

T b qualities p q b

transorming adjective terms into their correspondng noun terms.

F , p p qualities

b , , , , . m j

q m concepts ,, , , p.

Coarison.

T p p comparison.

q mp xm

. W m q

, .C m m mb ,

p m pp b

. F, p ,

m p ,

p

b m m . T

q mp m p. M

p p p b mp

pp. T pm pp

p p mp.

Classiication or Generaliation.

T p p z, b p m

b , b mp

b , . T p

m b


130/185


122

p, p m,

, p b m

m b mpm b xp p.

J : W b

p,

m . I bj,

m p p mb

, b m

mb m mp. T white substances m b ,

, m

b. I b

m b ,

, ,

m m , m

, species.E species m m mp ,

m m p j

b ; genus, , m p,

m m m

b .

T m mz m

z b m , JSm. J p z. T x

p mb J Sm mm

m. T m m b p b

, , Sm,

m, p Sm m.

O, m , m p m b

pp , pp , U S;

,

, m. T, , p

m b mb m


131/185

Concetion.

123

m m. R p, m

b b m

. T m m b b ; m b b

Am Am. T Am m b

b , I

I; b

I, P C .

T P C pp Sm

Sm; Sm m mp, m m, ,

p J Sm,

b b m. T

p z.


132/185


124


133/185

125

Chapter XXII.

Classes of Concepts.

I

n the p p p

p m p. Te idea o a

general class o things or qualities is a concept. E p q common to all

mp , b q p

m . F , p

b mm q

mb, , , p,

b. B not , p p,

z, p bm mp . T mp

b mp ; p

mm q all p.

Apercept m m p ; concept

m q . A

pp m pp ; p

p m, b , x p

bj .

T p, m: (1)

p, mm q


134/185


126

mb p , b,

p; (2) b p, mb

m quality mm mb , . J m

mmb : A concrete term is

the name o a thing; an abstract term is the name o a quality o

a thing.

I p p (1)

mb p, m

q; (2) mb q p, m mb

mb b . F , m b

mb mb b

x, , b b q,

. O , p m

mb q, b mb

. F, , m q ; b mp

m pb mb , . T

: N m q in common

, p ,

mpb .

Ierect Concets.I

p p m . E

p p

xp b m m. A mb p

mm m , , , b,

., m.

A G : M m m b mp; , ,

b . B m

x. N m p m m , m

m. N pp m m b


135/185

Classes o Concets.

127

. W ;

m. A

mp mm mb m.

T p

p p p;

mj m q mp mp. J

m : T

m m b m .

W, pp, , m x ; m p

m . Pp . Y

m , b m m

qp . T

b

, b m

b. Sm, m b b b b,

b ; b, ,

, b m m m

b. B m p

z, , b, b, b

m m b

. A mb S ; b m m. T

bmb ,

b m .

I m mp p b

m m . T

p b m m m b

, , xm. T b q, m

m p m xp. A

p ( xp ,

p ) p p.


136/185


128

A H : I m b b m m

p bj ;

m ; xp m , m, b m,

b m, m

, q m b

.

I p m mmm

m , b ,

m b b ,b m p,

m b b bj,

b clear idea

means. A

x

m. W m m p

p , p bj m. I

m b b

. I p b

m mb m

m , j .

A m m

mpm .W ,

z m m

m b.

O p m m

p. N m

m b, pp m

b , mm . W m b bm b

m p m b

. T mp acts. T

p b p.


137/185

129

Chapter XXIII.

Judgments.

W

e have p m p

b mp m

pp p .T m p

p . T p

m jm. T jm,

m , mp m

, m

, m

b . Jm , , () fm (b) , () S , (b) A m

Ep.

W pp xp

jm. Hp m

pp : A fm

m b p. F ,

mp p p b m, m b ;

m p judgment. W jm

proposition: T p b. I m

mp p b b,


138/185


130

m, m jm b

, xp pp: T b

b. O m m jm q , xp pp: S

. L, m m jm

pp: V .

W p jm

p , m

m p, mp

p, m b mmb j m m , b

p. B p px

p m p,

m p m jm mp

p b m m p

mp. I , mp,

, m b a judgment.H : Jm m p.

W q mm

, j. T

mpx m. B :

T p jm p. I

mp ,

. I p ,

m mp

p. S p, m

mp jm. m

, , j. E

jm x. T m

j; j. E m jm mp, m j. E

p mp p jm m

; m p mp mm b

b m, mp jm. I


139/185

Judgents.

131

E p jm;

jm xp p.

I jm b , pp p ,

mp jm b

m. B f m

jm m m .

H : I p m

q b b

q. M b b m p m. A , b, b

b , p b m

. T p mp; b m

m p, p p . S

pp p b b

b jm p .

T mbb q b b. O b, pp .

O pm m

. E b

m p m

j b mbb b. Jm

mp p

m m; b q mp

b p .

G : T pb; b

, , ,

p , q mb

. T xp mp: He tends

to believe the rst suggestion that comes into his mind, nomatter rom what source; b

p, b m b

. H b

m b ; b


140/185


132

p m, q mb

b . I

, m m, m, m p . I b

m p ,

b. B I

m m p p

bj

m p m

S, mmb, m Ab b

b ; m

;

b m

m pp mb

b . I , , m m

p b m p . W , ,

p m m b , b m,

b p , . B

z b p

.

B : I b bj

pp m q b m jm. T b

b p b . T b

p

pp. T bj b

p bj. T m

b x b

m m bj mb

mb.

T , m,

mm x jm


141/185

Judgents.

133

pm . T p

b mm p . T

m mm b m .Sm p m,

pbm,b, ., x

m. T W m,

m q, p,

x. Db Tm m

p b ,

m m M m m m.


142/185


134


143/185

135

Chapter XXIV.

Primary Laws of Thought.

I

n connection bj

Pm L

T b z m m G . T ,

b. T xm. J m:

S m b m

mp. A m m b xp

; m

b p

. H T Pm L T:

I. Law o Identity. W , is.

II. Law o Contradiction. N b b b.

III. Law o Excluded Middle. E m b

b; m .

I. T , Te Law o Identity, m

, m m p m p . A m

b p b,

m xb m ,

, , mm b. I m


144/185


136

mmm b p

mmm m

. A, , m , , , p . I is

, is, b m is not.

II. T , Te Law o Contradiction,

m m q b b

fm m m p. A

p b b b b b

m m. N b b m m. A p m b

, b b b

m p m m.

III. T , Te Law o Excluded Middle,

m q must b fm

everything m p. E

m b , m p q , m p. T

m . I xm m

must b b

m p; p m . A

eitherm b b b, b b,

, m p. T

b; b b b m m p, ; , m b b

. T jm m

; b pb .

B m pp q

. A m b b b, b

b b b, b

b j . T q . W m fm x

x q ; b

m fm x pp q.


145/185

Priary Laws o hought.

137

T m b

; m b neither .

Fallacious Alication.

T x pp

pm . A m

. F , b p m

b , m all m ,

p q m,

q m m. I m b b,

b m mp b

b. It is allacious to extend an individual quality to a class.

B jm m q m

b p b . I

pp some b b, m

all b b. T m , , pp.

A m b

fm pp b, b,

p, pp pp m b .

T jm mp p.

A jm b

b b q b mp. F , m

mp, mp

p x mp.

T certain mp, 75

F; m m is is not

m p. I is 75 F

is not. B m m m warm cold;b jm,

. B m b

warm cold. T, b b

q . T absolute act m L


146/185


138

Ex M, b p p b

.

T b p b, ppp .


147/185

139

Chapter XXV.

Reasoning.

R

easoning, the p , m b

m ,

jm m , m ; , p m

,

b . G

x m: R

m

your mind and how to use it - 1911.pdf

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