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Young J. Kim, Kyung W. Kim, K. Ogunjobi, Zuanshi He, and Jung E. Kim Advanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center (ADEMRC) Dept. of Environmental Science & Engineering, K-JIST, Kwangju, Korea 18 - 25 September, 2002 Grete, Greece K - JIST / ADEMRC KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Yellow Sand Particles During the ACE-Asia IOP at Kwangju and Kosan, Korea Chang-Hee Kang Department of Chemistry, Cheju National University, Jeju, Korea Jin S. Han and D.G. Lee National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Seoul, Korea Slide 2 Monitoring Sites in Korea During the ACE-Asia IOP Gosan super site Kwangju site, 33 1 7 N, 126 10E, 50.0m ASL35 10 N, 126 54E, 70.5m ASL Slide 3 Kwangju Visibility Monitoring Station (KJVMS) Receiver Site: Kwangju Regional Meteorological Office Transmitter Site: Hyundae Department Store Light extinction (scattering & absorption) by ambient air 1.91km Mt.Mudung Slide 4 -2001 ACE-Asia monitoring periods 22 March ~ 6 May, 2001 - Aerosol Sampling Conditions :12-hour sampling daytime(06:00 AM 06:00 PM) nighttime(06:00 PM 06:00 AM) - Optical Monitoring Conditions: Continuous (1-min time base) - Measurement parameters Optical properties : b ext (Transmissometer) b scat (Nepholometer) - PM 2.5 & PM 10 linet b abs (Aethalometer) - PM 2.5 & PM 10 linet Gravimetric properties : PM2.5 mass, PM10 mass (URG VAPS-2000J, R&P Sequential WINS) Chemical properties: ions (SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, Cl -, etc.) elements (Na, Mg, Si, S, etc.) OC & EC (R&P Carbon Monitor) Measurements at Kwangju Slide 5 Transmitter Site Receiver Site Aerosol Monitoring Samplers At KJVMS Slide 6 Optical Instruments & Camera at KJVMS Optec, LPV-2 Transmitter Optec, LPV-2 Receiver Belfort, 1597 Nephelometer MageeSci, AE-14U Aethalometer Pentax PZ-20 35mm camera PMS, Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Slide 7 Radiation Instruments UV-A UV-B Rotating Shadow-band Radiometer (RSR) Multi-Filter RSR Slide 8 Samplers & Filter Types for Aerosol Monitoring SiteSampler Particle Size Filter Type Analytical Method & Organization Sampling frequency KJVMS Kwangju URG VAP S right arm 0~2.5 m Quartz (Whatman, 47mm) Thermal Manganese Oxidation Analysis (EC & OC), AtmAA, USA 12-hour center arm 2.5~10 m Polycarbonate (Nuclepore) filter (Costa, 0.4 m, 47mm) Gravimetric Analysis (mass), K-JIST left arm 0~2.5 m Nylon(Nylasorb) filter (Gelman, 1 m, 47mm) Gravimetric Analysis (mass) Ion Chromatography Analysis (sulfate, nitrate, etc), K-JIST Denuder (URG, 150 & 242mm) Ion Chromatography Analysis (SO 2, HNO 3, NH 3 gas), K-JIST WINS sampler 0~2.5 m Teflon (Teflo) filter (Gelman, 2 m, 47mm) Gravimetric Analysis (mass) Induced Couple Plasma Analysis (ICP/MS & ICP/AES: Na,Pb, 20 elements), KBSI MOUDI sampler Teflon (Zeflour) filter (Gelman, 2 m, 47mm) Gravimetric Analysis (mass) Ion Chromatography Analysis (sulfate, nitrate, etc), K-JIST Slide 9 Aerosol Measurements at Kosan Super Site by NIER Item Instrument SamplingAnalysis PM2.5, PM10 Mass and Ions(anion, cation) HCl, HNO2, HNO3 Cyclone and 3 stage filterpack, Annual Denuder IC and AAS NH3 UV Continuous HCl, HNO2, HNO3, SO2 On-Line Diffusion Scrubber and Ion Chromatography EC/OC speciesElement/Organic carbon Analyzer(R&P, 5400) Black Carbon in PM10Black Carbon Analyzer(Elberline, FH62-IR) Aerosol Composition ( ) Dichotomous air sampler Continuous PM2.5 MassTEOM(Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance) Particle size distribution and ion composition Cascade Impactor (Anderson INC.) Balance and IC Particle NumberAerodynamic Particle Counter(model 3320) Slide 10 Aerosol Measurements During ACE-Asia IOP SiteMeasured ParameterComponent index Kwangju Aerosol Fine (0~2.5 m ) Mass Ion (SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, Cl -, NH 4 +, K +, Na +, Mg 2+, Ca 2+ ) Element (Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Zn, Pb, Sr) Coarse (2.5~10 m ) right arm Mass Element (Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Zn, Pb, Sr) Optical b ext Ambient light extinction coefficient b scat Ambient light scattering coefficient b abs Ambient light absorption coefficient EC/OCR&P 5400 carbon monitor MeteorologicalRH Kosan Aerosol Fine (0~2.5 m ) Mass Ion (SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, Cl -, NH 4 +, K +, Na +, Mg 2+, Ca 2+ ), EC/OC Coarse (2.5~10 m ) Mass Ion (SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, Cl -, NH 4 +, K +, Na +, Mg 2+, Ca 2+ ) Optical b abs Ambient light absorption coefficient EC/OCR&P 5400 carbon monitor MeteorologicalRH Slide 11 K-JIST, ADEMRC Slide 12 Asian Dust Source Strength in 2002 (Chinese Meteorological Administration) Slide 13 Measurements at Kwangju K-JIST / ADEMRC ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology 1 st Yellow Sand PM10 Mass Conc. at MoEnv Monitoring Stations in Kwangju Slide 14 Measurements at Kwangju PM10 Mass Conc. at MoEnv Monitoring Stations in Kwangju K-JIST / ADEMRC ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology 2 nd Yellow Sand3 rd Yellow Sand Weak Yellow Sand Slide 15 Han and et al, NIER Slide 16 Visual range = 60.7km b ext = 64Mm -1 Kwangju, Korea Slide 17 Visual range = 19.7km b ext = 199Mm -1 PM10 = 46.7 ug/m3 Kwangju, Korea 9 April, 2001 Slide 18 Visual range = 13.1km b ext = 299Mm -1 PM10 = 86.8 ug/m3 Kwangju, Korea 10 April, 2001 Slide 19 Visual range = 3.17km b ext = 1281Mm -1 PM10 = 414.9 ug/m3 The 2 nd AD Event Kwangju, Korea 11 April, 2001 Slide 20 Visual range = 14.2km b ext = 275Mm -1 PM10 = 69.4 ug/m3 Kwangju, Korea 12 April, 2001 Slide 21 Visual range = 8.6km b ext = 455Mm -1 PM10 = 97.1 ug/m3 Kwangju, Korea 13 April, 2001 Slide 22 Visual range = 20.5km b ext = 191Mm -1 PM10 = 35.4 ug/m3 Kwangju, Korea 14 April, 2001 Slide 23 Visual range = 4.9km b ext = 798Mm -1 PM10 = 173.5 ug/m3 The 3 rd AD Event Kwangju, Korea 25 April, 2001 Slide 24 K-JIST / ADEMRC ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Slide 25 K-JIST / ADEMRC ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Slide 26 K-JIST/ADEMRC ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC Non Asian Dust Event Days 1st AD Event (22 March) 2nd AD Event (11 April) 3rd AD Event (25 April) Mean bext318 Mm -1 1317Mm -1 999 Mm -1 515 Mm -1 Mean VR12.3 km3.0 km3.9 km7.6 km Mean AOD0.170.620.520.25 Mean PM2.523.2 ug/m343.4 ug/m360.8 ug/m345.4 ug/m3 Mean PM1045.8 ug/m3393.9 ug/m3154.0 ug/m382.2 ug/m3 Slide 27 The 1st Asian Dust Storm 22 March, 2001 ParameterKwangju RH38.9 % VR3.0km b ext 1317 Mm -1 PM2.543.4 ug/m 3 PM10393.9 ug/m 3 Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC HYSPLIT-4.5 Model, NOAA/ARL Slide 28 ParameterKwangju RH60.8 % VR3.9km b ext 999 Mm -1 PM2.560.8 ug/m 3 PM10154.0 ug/m 3 The 2nd Asian Dust Storm 11 April, 2001 Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC HYSPLIT-4.5 Model, NOAA/ARL Slide 29 ParameterKwangju RH34 % VR7.6km b ext 515 Mm -1 PM2.545.4 ug/m 3 PM1082.2 ug/m 3 The 3rd Asian Dust Storm 25 April, 2001 Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC HYSPLIT-4.5 Model, NOAA/ARL Slide 30 ParameterKwangju RH34 % VR7.6km b ext 515 Mm -1 PM2.545.4 ug/m 3 PM1082.2 ug/m 3 The 3rd Asian Dust Storm 9 April, 2001 Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC HYSPLIT-4.5 Model, NOAA/ARL Slide 31 ADEMRC, K - JIST ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Temporal Variation of Light Attenuation Coefficient Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC Slide 32 ADEMRC, K - JIST ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Comparison of Aerosol Chemical Composition Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC Asian Dust events : AD1: The 1 st Asian Dust (22 March) AD2: The 2 nd Asian Dust (11 April) AD3: The 3 rd Asian Dust (25 April) Clean Urban (CU): Kwangju: 26 March Clean Marine (CM): Kosan: 29 April Hazy Urban (HU): Kwangju: 15-16 April Hazy Marine (HM): Kosan: 9 April Slide 33 ADEMRC, K - JIST ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC Slide 34 ADEMRC, K - JIST ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC Slide 35 ADEMRC, K - JIST ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC Slide 36 ADEMRC, K - JIST ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC Slide 37 ADEMRC, K - JIST ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC Slide 38 ADEMRC, K - JIST ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC Slide 39 ADEMRC, K - JIST ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Summary Slide 40 Mean mass ambient extinction efficiency of aerosol Asian Dust event : 5.08 0.89 m 2 /g Non-Asian Dust event : 7.85 4.72 m 2 /g ADEMRC, K - JIST ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC 1 st Asian Dust 2 nd Asian Dust 3 rd Asian Dust Slide 41 ADEMRC, K - JIST ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC Slide 42 Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC Slide 43 ADEMRC, K - JIST ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Summary Mean mass extinction efficiency of PM10 aerosols Asian Dust events: 5.08 0.89 m 2 /g Non-Asian Dust events : 7.85 4.72 m 2 /g Single scattering albedo during Asian Dust events Fine particle : Mean SSA = 0.92 (0.81) Coarse particle : Mean SSA = 0.85 (0.90) (Non-Asian Dust events) Slide 44 The1 st AD Event (22 March 2001): coarse mode dust aerosols from Northwestern Chinese desert regions dominated The 2 nd AD Event (11-13 April 2001): dust aerosols plus pollution particles from Chinese deserts through urban/industrial areas and the Yellow Sea The 3 rd AD Event (25-26 April 2001): from Northeastern Chinese sandy areas through Korean peninsular Summary Slide 45 Slide 46 Extinction (scattering & absorption) budget calculations Integration of time-resolved aerosol chemical composition data from DRUM sampler results (in collaboration with DELTA Group, UC Davis) Continuing Works Slide 47 21 March 2002, Seoul, Korea The Record High PM10 Conc.: 1470 ug/m 3 /hr Slide 48 Slide 49 DELTA Group, UC Davis Slide 50 ADEMRC, K - JIST ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center KwangJu Institute of Scienceand Technology Temporal Variation of PM2.5 & 10 at Kwangju and Kosan Kyung W. Kim and Young J. Kim K-JIST/ADEMRC