you want tough? introducing fortegra epoxy … · introducing fortegra ... • designed for use in...

2DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

You Want Tough?Introducing FORTEGRA™

Epoxy ToughenersToughness Without Big Tradeoffs from Dow Epoxy


What is FORTEGRA™?

• New family of toughening materials

• Enhances toughness of your epoxy system,without big compromises in other properties andperformance

• Designed for use in amine, anhydride, phenolicand DICY cured epoxy resins

• FOR-TEG-RA: Tough as a fortress, addingintegrity to high performance epoxy systems


Why is FORTEGRA™ better?

Improvedtoughness,

flexibility, impactresistance and

adhesion

Non-reactive

No tradeoffs orcompromises inother properties

Easy to useand test


Increases brittleness, hurts chemicalresistancePlasticizersPlasticizers

High reactivity, hurts chemical andcorrosion resistance

AliphaticBackboneAliphaticBackbone

Hurts corrosion resistance, increasesviscosity

CTBNCTBN

Increases viscosityCore ShellRubbersCore ShellRubbers

Toughener technology tradeoffs


Where does FORTEGRA™ fit?

Application areas:

• Liquid protective coatings for steel and concrete

• Functional and decorative powder coatings

• Functional and recreational composites

• Adhesives


Overview of FORTEGRA™ products

Loading Level EEW Viscosity@ 25 C

Form

FORTEGRA 100 100% liquidtougheningagent

3600 Liquid

FORTEGRA 383-5 5 wt% inD.E.R.™ 383LER

185-194 8000-10000

Liquid

FORTEGRA 383-50 50 wt% in D.E.R.383 LER

365-395 5000-8000

Liquid

FORTEGRA 664-12 12 wt% in D.E.R.664UE SER

960-1060 Solidflake


What is the difference between thetwo approaches below?Flexibilization

• Decreases backbonestiffness

• Decreases crosslink density

• Uses plasticizers anddiluents

Toughening

• Particle size

• Polydispersity

• Interfacial strength


How does FORTEGRA™ work?

EpoxyCuring agent

Curing

Copolymer

Cured epoxy


Self assembly vs. macro-phase separation

Macro-phase separation (Example: CTBN technology)

Curing

Self assembly (FORTEGRA™ technology)

Curing

Epoxy

CuringAgent

Polymer

10-30 volume %

<10 volume %


The “no compromise” difference withFORTEGRA

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170

Tg via DMTA Tan delta

Fra

ctu

reT

ou

gh

ne

ss,

K1c

Bisphenol- A Series

Bisphenol-F Series

Toughening

Flexibilization

Bisphenol-A Series

Bisphenol-F Series

Toughening

FORTEGRA Nocompromise

on Tg


Ready for sampling

• We encourage you to try FORTEGRA™ in yourapplication

• To request a sample, call your Dow salesrepresentation or contact us throughwww.dowepoxy.com

• Technical specialists are available to answer anyquestions that arise during your evaluation or trial

• We invite you to share the trial results with us


Summary

• FORTEGRA™ toughens up your systemwith no big tradeoffs

• Offers additional benefits of non-reactivityand ease of use

• Very favorable compared to othertoughening technologies

• You should test FORTEGRA in yourapplication – it’s easy


Optional Slide Deck


Typical tensile behavior

0.0E+00

5.0E+06

1.0E+07

1.5E+07

2.0E+07

2.5E+07

3.0E+07

3.5E+07

4.0E+07

4.5E+07

5.0E+07

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Strain (%)

Str

ess

(Pa)

Modified

Unmodified

Reduction ofyield stress


0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0 5

Amount of Toughening Agent (wt.%)

Cri

tica

lS

tres

sIn

ten

sit

y,

K1c

(MP

a.m

1/2

)

104

106

108

110

112

114

116

118

120

122

124

Yie

ldS

tren

gth

(MP

a)

Toughness

Yield strength

Effect on material properties


Effect on Tg and modulus

Results from a plaque

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+08

1.E+09

1.E+10

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Temperature (°C)

Sto

rag

eS

he

ar

Mo

du

lus

,G

'(P

a)

D.E.R.™ 383 epoxy resin cured with phenolic hardener: CONTROL

Modified with 5wt.% Toughening Agent


FORTEGRA™ Epoxy Toughenersin marine & protective coatings


Clear coat testing

Curing Agents Notes

Ancamine 1618* - Modified IPDA adduct

- Cut in benzyl alcohol

*Air Products

Ancamide 2353* - TETA polyamide

- Cut in benzyl alcohol

*Air Products

NC541LV** - Phenalkamine

**Cardolite


Clear film formulations

Formulation D.E.R.™ 331

Ancamine Ancamide NC 541LV FORTEGRA

1 56.4 33.6 10%

2

3

4

62.756.3

62.5

37.3

33.8

37.5

0%

10%

0%

5 53.9 36.2 10%

6 59.9 40.1 0%

• Prepared by draw down• B1000 panels and free films from tin plate• Cured at 60 degrees C• DFT = 110 +/- 5 microns


Typical impact testing result

Panels showncured withAncamine1618; 110 +/-5 microns

No De-Bonding

FORTEGRA™FORTEGRA™ No FORTEGRANo FORTEGRA

De-Bonding

Evidence ofmicroscopicdeformation ofsecond phase


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Ancamine 1618 Ancamide 2353 NC541LV

Elo

ng

ati

on

at

bre

ak

Unmodified

Modified

Free film tensile results


Effect on gel and cure time

• Minimal effect on gel time

• Effect is that of a non-functional diluent– Decreases theconcentration of reactivegroups

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Gel Time (min) Dust Free (hours) Through Dry

(hours)

Standard

XU19108.00

Ancamine 1618

Ancamide 2353 NC541LV

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


(hours)

Standard

XU19108.00

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


(hours)

Standard

XU19108.00


Significant adhesion improvement

5.5% modification, Ancamide 2353 cured


FORTEGRA™ Epoxy Toughenersin pipe coatings


Pipe coating formulation

Ingredients Control FORTEGRA™

4 Type Epoxy Resin 100 100

Dicyanodiamide Curing Agent 1.5 1.5

Imidzole Accelerator 1.2 1.2

Wollastonite #325 Filler 45.8 45.8

Modaflow Powder III FlowModifier

1.5 1.5

FORTEGRA™ Epoxy ToughenerTechnology

0 8

14.5%volume

6.9%volume


Pipe coating testing

• Formulations were dip applied

• 8”x1” x 3/8” sand blasted bars

• 4 point bend at sub-ambient temperatures– Instron test frame

– Recorded number of hard cracks

• Tg measured from free films


Test results

Test Control FORTEGRA™

Tg (degrees C) 110 107

Flexibility @ - 38 C / ~400 micronthickness

10 cracks (baravg.)

No cracks


12 cracks (baravg.)

No cracks


17 cracks (baravg.)

No cracks


See the difference

With FORTEGRA™ Epoxy Toughener

Standard Formulation

Low Temperature Four Point Bend Performance


TEM images of self-assembledmorphologies


TensileDirection

Second phase toughening mechanism


Pigmented system

• Based on D.E.R.™ 331, cured with Ancamide2353

• Pigmented with red iron oxide, extender andanticorrosive pigment

• FORTEGRA™ 100 added at both 6.8% and 13.3%by volume dry paint

• Coatings spray applied on bare cold rolled steelpanels

• Cured 14 days at room temperature

• DFT = 3.5 mils


STANDARDHigh Solids Epoxy Formulation Based on D.E.R. -331 Epoxy Resin and

Air Products' Ancamide 2353 Polyamide Curing Agent

Material NV NV Lbs.- Part A - Pounds Gallons Pounds Gallons VOMD.E.R.-331 Epoxy Resin 233.7 24.09 233.7 24.09 --------MPA-1078 4.0 0.54 1.6 0.21 2.4BYK Anti-Terra U 7.5 0.96 5.4 0.64 2.110ES Wollastokup 395.0 16.32 395.0 16.32 --------

** High Speed Disperse to a Texture of 5-6 NS, then add: **

Xylene 45.0 6.21 ---------- ----------- 45.0685.2 48.12 635.7 41.26 49.5

- Part B -Ancamide 2353 Curing Agent 125.6 15.21 125.6 15.21 --------MPA-1078 4.0 0.54 1.6 0.21 2.4Beetle 216-8 15.0 1.72 9.0 0.84 6.0Red Iron Oxide 60.0 1.44 60.0 1.44 --------Beaverwhite 325 96.7 4.20 96.7 4.20 --------Phosplus J-0866 141.4 5.07 141.4 5.07 --------

** High Speed Disperse to a Texture of 4.5-5.5 NS, then add: **Diacetone Alcohol 31.3 4.00 ---------- ---------- 31.3Aromatic 150 106.8 14.69 ---------- ---------- 106.8

580.8 46.87 434.3 26.97 146.5

Pigmented standard formulation


Pigmented system test results

Test Standard 6.8%Volume

13.3%Volume

PVCVOC

37.5%330.2 g/l

38.6%

312 g/l

38.6%

300.4 g/l

Viscosity, 25 C

Sprayable vol.solids

110 K.U.62.2%

98 K.U.

64.3%

93 K.U.

65.7%

Hardness 6H 3H 3H

Dry Adhesion

Direct Impact

2B

15

4B

20

4B

22


Abrasion resistance

• Taber abrasion resistance negatively impacted byadding FORTEGRA™ 100

• Tests run on clear coats cured 14 days at 25 Cwith Ancamide 2353 with and without thetoughening agent at 10 vol% loading

• ASTM D4060, 1000 g weight

• The unmodified sample lost 66.1mg per 1000cycles

• The modified sample lost 108.1mg per 1000 cycles


Salt spray results

ASTM B117, 1000 hours on cold rolled steel Ancamide 2050 cured

StandardStandard FORTEGRA 100FORTEGRA 100

No apparentdifference in

corrosion resistancebetween the two

you want tough? introducing fortegra epoxy … · introducing fortegra ... • designed for use in...

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