yoga for health - ugc · 2019-06-21 · yoga for health holistic science of body, mind and spirit...

Yoga For Health Holistic Science of Body, Mind and Spirit

International Yoga Day 2019

Professor Bhushan Patwardhan, PhD, FNASc, FNAMSVice Chairman, University Grants Commission

21-Jun-19 UGC-IYD2019

What is Health

• The WHO defines health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’.

• The holistic picture of mind-body-spirit is completely missing in modern descriptions

Health is not just absence of disease….

Ayurveda: Prasanna Atmendriya Manha!

Swastha- Balance and Bliss at all levels: Spirit, Body and Mind


Health Care or Health Scare?


Business of Health and Medicine

UGC-IYD2019

Universal Health CoverageAyushman Bharat - effort in right direction

21-Jun-19

Health and Medicine

• Health is positive and dynamic concept attained, only through active participatory efforts of individuals.

• Roots of Illness may be in maternal health, malnutrition, environmental pollutants and toxins, unhygienic facilities and procedures in the modern nursing homes

• Serious diseases like hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, obesity, diabetes, cancers may have roots in the forty weeks of pregnancy

UGC-IYD201921-Jun-19

Lifestyle & Nutrition Environment & Pollution

• Home Theaters as Multiplex in the living room

• Restaurant culture has displaced Home Kitchen

• Mobiles have added threat to health

UGC-IYD201921-Jun-19

The Yoga Way to HealthOur Health in Our Hands


Health is too precious to be outsourced to Doctors

One has to work hard to remain healthy

YOGA For Health and Wellness• Over 4000 years of living great

tradition

• Strong philosophical basis

• A complete and holistic science

• Well organized knowledge database

• Physiology promoting system

• Global popularity

• Growing global market?

• Realization of limitations of modern science

• Epidemic of Lifestyle disease

• Increased need for global peace

• Beyond physical medicine

• Consciousness and Science


AYURVEDA and YOGAYoga is most popular but trails in Scientific Research

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Yoga can help us know our Body, Mind and Spirit

Yogah Chitta Vritti Nirodhah


Yoga is about the control of the mind field

Introduction to Yoga: Body, Mind & Spirit

• Yoga literally means to integrate to join or to unite• Darshanas are distinctive knowledge systems:

• Yoga, Samkhya, Vaisheshika, Nyaya, Mimamsa and Vedanta. Buddha and Jain are also Darshanas

• Yoga is a means for Global Good• Yoga is physiological intervention to take charge of

own health• Reducing yoga merely to Asanas or a therapy is not

correct


Patanjali Yoga Sutra: Eight stages towards Samadhi

1. Yama- non-violence, truth, honesty, no greed and abstention

2. Niyama is about personal conduct

3. Asana is set of postures for body fitness and agility

4. Pranayama is controlled breathing technique to control life processes

5. Pratyahara is withdrawal of senses from external objects

6. Dharana is concentration of mind

7. Dhyana is meditation.

8. Samadhi is the alignment with super consciousness


Buddha calls it Nirvana, Patanjali describe as Kaivalya & Veda names it as Moksha

Yoga: Holistic Science of Body, Mind and Spirit

The Body

100 trillion cells, 4 basic tissues,

206 bones, 78 Organs, 13 Systems

Yogasanas and Shudhikriyas are mainly for Body


Concept of Human Anatomy and Physiology is Different in Yoga


Human Typology of Yoga


Human classification as per Yoga

Yoga Practices• Present practice of Yoga is a mix of Hatha Yoga and Raj Yoga.

• Raj Yoga involves meditation and eight steps described by Patanjali.

• Hatha Yoga is physical including asanas, pranayama and shuddhi kriya.

• Bhakti Yoga is loving devotion to a deity.

• Jnana Yoga deals with quest for pure knowledge

• Karma Yoga


Suryanamaskara: Simple and effective holistic exercise


Yoga-based new techniques

• A secular practice of mindfulness has been promoted at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, which draws from Yoga

• Vipassana practice includes contemplation, introspection, and the observation of bodily sensations. A few studies have shown beneficial neurobiological, and clinical changes

• Salutogenesis incorporates concepts of resilience, sense of coherence, coping up, purpose in life, and self-transcendence— all connected to inner strength


Scientific Evidence – Clinical Benefits

• A joint clinical study by the University of California and University of Washington on 435 patients with low back pain reported that yoga, meditation, and body awareness had better recovery from pain.

• Analysis of 1,193 abstracts, involving fifty-eight trials reported that yoga, and mindfulness-based behavioral modifications significantly improved cognitive symptoms, more than exercise alone.

• A meta-analysis of thirty-four studies from thirty-nine clinical trials involving a total of 2,219 participants has shown evidence that mind-body therapies can increase the immune response to vaccination, reduction in inflammation markers, and improved virus-specific immune responses.


Scientific Research and Evidence

• Chanting yoga mantras has been reported to induce psychological and physiological effects.

• In a randomized controlled study on lymphoma patients, a yoga program was found to be beneficial for patients with cancer

• A prospective, randomized trial has suggested that yoga can be complementary to the conventional treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.


Shannahoff-Khalsa DS. Patient Perspectives Kundalini Yoga Meditation Techniques for Psycho-oncology

and as Potential Therapies for Cancer. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2005 Mar 1;4(1):87-100.

Yoga: Holistic Science of Mind, Body and Spirit

The Mind Heart- Brain


The Brain

Most complex organ that scientists know very little

It is part of Body but is connected


Where is Mind??

The Mind: Heart- Brain

• WiKi defines mind as the set of cognitive faculties that enables consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, and memory—a characteristic of humans, but which also may apply to other life forms.

• What is Mind? Where is it?

• This is a philosophical question with philosophical answers

• Science has no clear answer as of now….


Mind-Brain-BodyPsycho-neuro-endocrinology and Neurotransmitters


The Brain• The brain is not merely a computer - else, NDE,

OBE, transcendent states, and spirituality would never have existed.

• Modern science understands the brain better than the mind. Brain activities can be tracked with sophisticated equipment like fMRI and SPECT.

• Advances in psycho-neuro-endocrinology have helped to understand how the brain and neurotransmitters can control many vital functions of body.

• It is easier to measure brain activities, so it is easier to manage the brain than mind.

• So present focus is on psychiatry with drugs acting on the brain and nervous system -stimulants or suppressants.


Meditation• Drugs are medicines for diseases of the body, Meditation is tonic for mind

to strengthen internal energy. • Meditation can help improve concentration, and mind activity enhancing

the power of the natural healing force. • Meditation is to relax the mind, and heal diseases like hypertension,

anxiety, and depression. • Meditation can be done in various ways - through prayers, worshiping, and

total devotion; extreme dedication, involvement, and commitment to work, or a worthy cause.

• Meditation is an emotional state, which may involve chanting a mantra, and closing the eyes to attempt critical introspection, and sense the inner voice.


Body, Mind, Consciousness

• The relationship between the mind and brain is still a central philosophical question.

• Neuroscientists believe that the brain causes mind. • Where does the consciousness arises is not known yet

not fully rejected by science. • Many scientists believe that consciousness is created by

electrochemical activity within the brain. • The conscious mind can realize human existence. • The pioneering, scientific work of scientists like Sir John

Eccles, Roger Penrose, Elizabeth Blackburn and Dean Ornish has played a key role in drawing the attention of the scientific community to science behind Yoga and consciousness.


Power of Mind - Beyond Behavior

• Lifestyle and behavior is influenced by body-brain-mind, and spirit.

• Lifestyle and behavioral changes can cause as well as can prevent, and treat diseases.

• People should be told about the power of their own mind, brain, and body.

• If spiritual practices like prayers can help improve the mental status of people, at least we should not ridicule these practices.


Scientific research and evidence• Yoga interventions such as performing

gentle postures, breathing exercises, and meditation have definitive advantages

• Recent studies have demonstrated that even short-term training in yoga can influence the sympathetic nervous system, and immune system.

• Healthy volunteers practicing Yoga have shown profound increases in the release of epinephrine, which leads to increased production of anti-inflammatory mediators.


Scientific research and evidence• The PET /SPECT studies have helped to

identify neural networks in brain regions which are active in different states of consciousness.

• Scientists have shown that systematic breathing exercises can alter cerebral hemisphere activity, neuro-endocrine, and autonomic functions.

• A meta-analysis of forty-seven trials with 3,515 participants, indicated moderate evidence of improved anxiety, depression, and pain, and some benefit to mental health-related quality of life. Researchers suggested that the clinicians should talk to patients about the positive role of meditation in addressing psychological stress.

• Cerebral blood flow changes during chanting meditation, Khalsaet al. Nucl Med Commun. 2009 Dec;30(12):956-61. Alzheimer's Research and Prevention Foundation, Tucson, Arizona, USA.


When the meditation state was compared with the baseline condition, significant rCBF increases were observed in the right temporal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus, and significant rCBF decreases were observed in the left parietotemporal and occipital gyri.

Scientific research is bringing new revelations



Brain-to-brain (B2B) communication system overview.

Grau C, Ginhoux R, Riera A, Nguyen TL, Chauvat H, et al. (2014) Conscious Brain-to-Brain Communication in Humans Using Non-Invasive Technologies. PLoS ONE 9(8): e105225. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105225http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosone/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105225

Hyperinteraction

http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosone/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105225


View of emitter and receiver subjects with non-invasive devices supporting, respectively, the BCI based on EEG changes driven by motor imagery (left) and the CBI based on the reception of phosphenes elicited by a

neuronavigated TMS (right) components of the B2B transmission system.

Grau C, Ginhoux R, Riera A, Nguyen TL, Chauvat H, et al. (2014) Conscious Brain-to-Brain Communication in Humans Using Non-Invasive Technologies. PLoS ONE 9(8): e105225. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105225http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosone/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105225

“Indeed, we may use the term mind-to-mind transmission here as opposed to brain-to-brain, because both the origin and the destination of the communication involved the conscious activity of the subjects”.

http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosone/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105225

Yoga: Holistic Science of Body, Mind and Spirit

The SpiritUnknown territory to modern science


Simulating illusory own-body perceptions, Blanke O. et al. (2002), Nature, 419:269-270.

Out of Body Experience


(a) Electrical stimulation of cortical sites over the angular gyrus,

marked in yellow, elicited vestibular illusions, body schema

distortions, and an apparent out-of-body experience (OBE).

Stimulation at other sites elicited other behavioral responses:...


Koch, C., Massimini, M., Boly, M. and Tononi, G., 2016. Neural correlates of consciousness: progress and problems. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17(5), pp.307-321.

Neurophysiological markers as quantitative indices of consciousness

Patanjali, Penfield and SAMADHI !

• Samadhi is much beyond just Out of Body Experience!

• Jagrat, Svapna, Sushupti and Turiya

• Way to gain knowledge and not just for fun!!

• Way to the ultimate realization of the supreme consciousness!!!

• Possibility of acquiring siddhi through technology is a big threat to humanity


Out-of-body experiences: from Penfield to present, Frank Tong , Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2003, 7:104-106Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA


10% brain capacity may be

myth, but we do not know

how much..

CPH4 is hypothetical

substance

Control over body, others

body, environment, but the

imagery looks like Yogic

Siddhi

Interstellar:

There is a universal super-

consciousness that

transcends time and space,

and in which all human life is

connected… It is Vedic

knowledge.

George Lucas was

influenced by the

mythologist Joseph

Campbell mantra

“follow your bliss”,

derived from the sat-

chit-ananda.


“This is a yogic movie, which says that this world is an illusion. It’s

about maya. If we can cut through the illusions and connect with something

larger we can do all sorts of things. Neo achieves the abilities of the

advanced yogis who can defy the laws of normal reality.”

Peter Rader, Producer Matrix


Drs., Elizabeth Blackburn, Elissa Epel, Jue Lin, and Eli Puterman at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and Drs. William Mobley and Michael Rafii at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD)

This study concluded in 2016 suggests benefits to attending a meditation retreat over vacation in promoting a more resilient response to daily stressors and positive mood.

Science, Consciousness and SpiritualityCurative Power of Mind



Scientific evidence for Sadvritta??

देशकालात्मविज्ञानं सद्िृत्तस्यानुिर्तनम्||५३||

Who am I?

Where did I come from?

Why am I here?

Where am I going?

American Association for the Advancement of Science

November 1-3, 2001Chicago


http://www.u.arizona.edu/~chalmers/biblio/1.html

Integrative Approaches for Health: Biomedical Research, Ayurveda and Yoga


http://store.elsevier.com/Integrative-Approaches-for-Health/Bhushan-Patwardhan/isbn-9780128012826/

UGC is committed to YOGABest wishes for the International Yoga Day 2019

Thank you!!


yoga for health - ugc · 2019-06-21 · yoga for health holistic science of body, mind and spirit...

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