yoga - environmental planning and waste management - report
TRANSCRIPT
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Waste Treatment System
(Case Location: Palangkaraya City, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia)
ALFONSUS Sri Agseyoga (Student)
Yutaka DOTE (Professor)“Environmental Planning and Waste Management - report ”
1. OVERVIEW OF WASTE PROBLEM
As a result of the increasing levels ofconsumption by community and other
activities are also has effect on increasing
waste / effluent generation. Waste / effluentgenerated from the activity and privateconsumption, better known as the domesticwaste has become an environmental problem
that must be handled by the government and
the society itself. The domestic waste, bothliquid waste and solid waste into the
environment due to problems in quantity andlevel of danger interfere with human health, pollute the environment, and disrupt the lives
of other living creatures. Especially forgarbage or household solid waste, an increase
in the amount of waste generated in Indonesia
is expected to increase 250% by year 2029(predicted).
Palangkaraya is one of developmentcity in Indonesia. As the capital city of Central
Kalimantan, it has 2,400 km2 covered area and
has approximately 302,402 people in 2012 based on statistical data. The volume of waste generated from any activity inPalangkaraya City based on the results of the analysis conducted. Assumptions estimate the magnitude of waste
generation is 2 liters / person / day for domestic waste, while for non-domestic activities (commercial) by 15% ofdomestic waste. On the basis of the assumption that the estimated volume of waste generation in Palangkaraya City is in2009, volume of waste amounted to 548.61 m
3 which consisting of : 1) Domestic Waste 451.54 m
3, and 2) Non-domestic
Waste 96.01 m3. For the landfill site it planned far away from city center which shown on Fig. 1, and it planned by the
local government.
2. EXISTING WASTE FACILITIES
AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Currently the waste facility located in
Palangkaraya City still far from enough tohandle waste production. The conditions of
service of existing waste facility is almost fully
utilized to serve the production of waste in thecity center itself. Table 1 shows information
about waste facility in Palangkaraya City.
3. EXISTING WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM AND SOME OBSTACLES
Some obstacles in waste management system in Palangkaraya City not only seen on human behavior, but also itsfacility and infrastructure. Those obstacles can be detailed as follows:
1) People around river, commonly throw away the trash into the river,2) In a crowded place, temporary landfill is small and lack of capacity,
3) Some vehicles for transporting the waste are lack of quality, for a fact there is a leak while moving the trash,
4) Lack of quantity of waste truck make high maintenance cost, effect will shorten the life of the vehicle,Waste generation commonly occur in urban areas. Table 2 shows the system applied is the same as in urban waste
management systems in general, which includes, namely : 1) garbage placing, 2) collecting, 3) removal, 4) hauling, and5) street sweeping.
Landfill
Cit Center
Fig. 1 Palangkaraya City and landfill location
Source : Government of Palangkaraya, 2009
Source : Government of Palangkaraya City, 2009
No. Types Amount Capacity
1 Dump truck 10 180 m3/day
2 Arm roll truck 4 120 m /day
3 Wheelie bin 20 25 m3/day
4 Temporary landfills 177 597 m3/day
5 landfill 1 10 Ha
Table 1 Waste facilities in Palangkaraya City by 2006
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Table 2. System applied for waste management
To determine the level of waste management
issues in Palangkaraya can be done by using gapanalysis, which is a method that compares therequirements and available management can be
planned so that the provision of waste managementcapacity of the next 5 years.
Fig. 2 shows the gap analysis under visible gapwaste generation and treatment capacity are available
each year needs to be large enough so that the waste
management plan development program next fiveyears. Gap analysis below assumes growth in line
with the needs of trash projected population growth(0.90%). Initial waste generation 2.5 liters / person /
day increasing numbers each year. While the capacity
of the existing waste management assumed only ableto serve only 60% in 2009 and expected to increase its
capacity to 80% by 2013.
4. NEW PLAN FOR IMPROVING WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM (GOVERNMENT VIEWPOINT )
Methods Explanation
Garbage Placement placement is generally performed by residents, except on paths and surrounding protocol. In
general, residents put trash containers at places that do not interfere with the aesthetics of the
environment.
Collecting shopping centers, pathways-protocols and few settlements are individual systems or door to
door
Removal removal step is done by means of various size of temporary landfills, which are generallyfound in a residential area.
Hauling urban waste transportation system is done by using the means of transport, such as wheelie bins, timber trucks, dump trucks, and others.
Street sweeping street sweeping operations carried out on road lanes protocol.
Source : Government of Palangkaraya City, 2009
Household Waste
ManagementCollection Regional Scale Waste
Management
Transporting
Final Landfill
Direct Collection(Door to Door)
Fig. 3 Scheme of new paradigm of waste treatment (government viewpoint)Source : Government of Palangkaraya City, 2009
Fig. 2 Gap analysis of waste management in Palangkaraya City
Source : Government of Palangkaraya City
m 3 / d a y
Year
Capacity of Treatment
Waste Generation
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Fig. 3 shows the flow / scheme of new paradigm for waste treatment system by government viewpoint. to manage
the garbage first thing to be noted is the policy of the government which is made with a comprehensive approach that can
be used as an umbrella for the development of policies at the central and local levels. The absence of government policies should make it difficult for waste management. Strategic policy set by the new government at this stage is to
perform the technical aspects of waste reduction by applying the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R), with the hope in 2025achieved "zero waste".
Final disposal place (landfill) recommended by the experts by using the sanitary landfill, system can be equipped
with a means of composting and utilization of waste into recycled raw materials. Residual waste that cannot be recycledor composted then burned and stored in a sanitary landfill pond. This process can be called Integrated Waste Treatment
Plant (IWTP), or also known as Instalasi Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu (IPST), which flow process is shown onAttachment 1.
5. CHARACTERISTIC OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN JAPAN
Japan is an advanced country which has a leading nation in scientific research, particularly technology, machinery
and biomedical research. In waste management, Japan has solid waste management and recycling technology for
sustainable society (Ministry of the Environment, 2012). Many kinds of technology that Japan has refer to wastemanagement system, such as : 1) collection and transport, 2) municipal waste incineration technology, 3) medical waste
disposal technology, 4) PET bottle recycling technology, 5) home appliance recycling technology, 6) biomass utilization
technology, 7) waste landfill technology. Japan has adequate waste facilities and infrastructures, with good relation andcooperation between government and resident. And also Japan has already stipulated the law to bare the whole of waste
management/treatment system/plan.In Tokyo, they use semi-aerobic landfills which had developed in joint study by Fukuoka University and Fukuoka
City. Some features of this landfill system are as follows:
1) Better leachate quality than anaerobic landfill2) Low emission of greenhouse gases
3) Landfill stabilizes faster than anaerobic type4) Less underground water pollution from leachate
5) Cheaper to operate and manage
6. CONCLUSION
Respectively from the explanation before, so there are some conclusions refer to waste treatment/management
system for Palangkaraya City, namely:
1) Palangkaraya City as development city, and also Indonesia should learn from other advanced country, especiallyJapan for the waste management system.
2) Palangkaraya City should make a better relation and cooperation between government and the resident to realize the
sustainable society and environment through handling the waste problem and realize the zero waste.
3) The private sector (or third party) can play role to help this city (Palangkaraya City) for increasing the quantity andquality of waste facilities and infrastructures.
REFERENCES
Government of Palangkaraya City. 2009. Medium Term Development Program. Palangkaraya.
Ministry of the Environment. 2012. Solid Waste Management and Recycling Technology of Japan - Toward a
Sustainable Society. Japan
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Attachment 1. Flow of waste management/treatment plan by government viewpoint
Source : Government of Palangkaraya City, 2009
Source of Waste
Self-Management
Separation Process
Sorting Process
Organic Waste Inorganic Waste
Feasible for
Compost
Not Feasible for
Compost Not Feasible for
Recycle
Feasible for
Recycle
ResidueSanitary
Landfill
Ash Mixed
SelectionIncinerator