yemeklik tane baklagil yetiştiriciliği ()

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M`lr Fhfm`jr ]fhsh{fj Fsf{}gsshf Bh{}g}r{r }fsf}nmfh g{jfa bmgjb.sbi 677= wgjshmf }b{kgj bmgjshg{}js( I`k cf{g tb isbn sbhlghmb* fh}sfih`z

af{}favnf ifs{g }`jbsfh}mgs( 6555 }fhb fljsjjlj 252 l* tbsgn u`}fh{gwbjg

665.645 il/mf fsf{nmfmgs( M`lr Fhfm`jr ccjlb{ghb chbsgjnbi}bmgs(

MgTFS 72

L@hbwm`lr Fhfm`jr ]fhsh{fj Fsf{}gsshf Bh{}g}r{r }fsf}nmfh s{jfa

bmgjbsbi 6772 wsjnmf }b{kgj bmgjshg{}gs( I`k cf{} tb isbn sbhlghmb* fh}sfi.

h`z af {}favshf ifs{} }`jbsfh}mss* 6555 }fhb fljsgjlj =55l mss( Lrhbwm`vr

Fhfm`jr ccjlb{ghb chbsgjnbi}bmgs(

L@IKB

]fsjf Cg}igjbsg Nbsibz Fsf{}ssshf Bh{}g}r{r }fsf.

dshmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi 677< wgjnmf }b{kgj bmgjshg{}gs*

I`k cf{g }gughmb tb fksi isbn sbhlghmbmgs( 6555 }f.

hb fljsjglj ==5.=45 7 `jru fh}sfih`z af{}fjsvghf

ifs{? }`jbsfh}mss* Bignmbh {`hsf x9((xx?xxx.(((&

652.665 lrh gkbsg{ghmb af{f} `jlrh. G\ ?- ,O P &G G &&,&&&##>x xjrlrhf rjf{gs( @s}fjfnf tbsgng 625.

355 il/mf fsf{nmfmgs( Irsfvf tb

wf}nfwf mfwfsriamss( Gl Fhfm`jr tb

lblg} ccjlbjbsghb `hbsgjnbi}bmgs*

62



[FSG 71

KBTMB]CBW 71

Blb ]fhsh{fj Fsf{}ssshf Bh{}g}r.

{r }fsfdnmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi 6771 WG.jghmf }b{kgj bmjjshg{}gs( Fh}sfih`z af{.

}fjgvnf ifs{? }`jbsfh}mss( ]fhb i`k

cf{g }gughmb tb {fhsh{g cbo sbhlghmb.

mgs( 6555 }fhb fljsjglj =45.=15 l* tb.

sgn 622.355 il/mf fsf{nmfmgs( Blb

c46lb{ghb 4hbsgjnbi}bmgs

Blb ]fssn{fj Fsf{}ssshf Bh{}g}r{r }fsfdshmfh g{jfa bmgjbsbi 6771 WG.

jghmf }b{kgj bmgjshg{}gs( Fh}sfih`z af{}favshf ifs{} }`jbsfh}mss* ]fhb i`k

cf{? }gughmb tb {fhsh{g cbo sbhlghmbmgs( 6555 }fhb fljsjglj ==5.=75 l* tb.

sgn 622.355 il/mf fsf{nmfmss* @s}fjfnf tbsgng 625.355 il/mf fsf{nmf.

mss* Blb c46lb{ghb 4hbsgjnbi}bmgs

IR[NBH 77

]fsjf Cg}igjbsg Nbsibz Fsf{}ssshf Bh{}g}r{r }fsfhhmfh g{jfa bmgjbsbi

6777 wsahmf }b{kgj bmgjng{}gs( ]fhb i`k cf{g }gughmb tb isbn sbhlghmbmgs(

Fh}sfih`z af{}favshf }`jbsfh}* h`ar} {ghbvghb ifs{} af{{f{}ss( 6555 }fhb

fljsjglj 255.265 l* tbsgn 6=2.615 il/mf mss( Wfusfijfh vbhg{ tb rhgd`sn

`jvrhjf{shf fzmss* Bignmbh {`hsf 75.655 lrh fsf{ghmf `jvrhjf{gs( jk

Fhfm`jr tb vbkg} c46lbjbsghb 4hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

R_RHJR 77

]fsjf Cg}igjbsg Nbsibz Fsf{}gs.

nf Bh{}g}r{r }fsf}nmfh g{jfa bmg.

jbsbi 6777 wsjnmf }b{kgj bmgjshg{}gs(

]fhb i`k cf{g }gughmb tb isbn

sbhlghmbmgs( Cg}ig rzrh c`wr hb.

64



WBN BIJGI ]FHB CFIJFL GJ

mbhgwjb shfijhfa af{fmf rwlrhmrs( Fh}sfi.

h`z af{}fjgvnf ifsj0 af{{f{}gs( 6555 }fhb

fljsjjlj 255.265 l* tbsgn 625.6<2 il/mf

fsf{nmf mblgj0gs( Bignmbh {`hsf 655.665

lrh {`hsf af{f} `jvrhjrvrhf rjf{ss( Gl

Fhfm`jr tb vbkg} c46lbjbsghb 4hbsgjnbi}b.

mgs(

BS 77

]fsjf Cg}igjbsg Nbsibz Fsf{}ssnf

Bh{}g\{r }fsf}shmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi6777 wsjnmf }b{kgj bmgjng{}}s* ]fhb

i`k cf{? }gughmb tb isbn sbhlghmb.

mgs( 6555 }fhb fljsjglj =<5.=15 7 tb

fh}sfih`z af{}favghf ifs{} }`jbsfh}. g&g66Ggxd?nGxxxxxxmss( Fmfu}f{w`h ifcgjgwb}g wri{bi}gs(

Bignmbh {`hsf 655.665 lrh fsf{nmf af{f} 56.

lrhjrlrhf rjf{gs( @s}fjfnf tbsgn 645.355 il/mffsf{nmf mblgj0gs( Gl Fhfm`jr tb vbkg} c46lbjbsghb

4hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

L@J@N[BS

Ifsfmbhgz ]fhn{fj Fsf{}ssnf Bh{}g}r{r }fsfdshmfh g{jfa bmgjbsbi 3556

ws jnmf }b{kgj bmgjng{}gs* ]fhb Cbzbjwbn{g }gughmb tb cbo sbhi}bmgs( Fh}sfih`z

af{}favnf ifs{} }`jbsfh}mgs( 6555 }fhb fljsjjlj =65.=<5 l* tbsgn

6<2.355 il/mf fsf{nmf mblgj0nbi}bmgs( Ifsfmbhgz c46lb{ghb chbsgjnbi}bmgs(

KFLF]FW

Ifsfmbhgz ]fhsh{fj Fsf{}gsnf Bh{}g}r{r }fsf}shmfh g{jfa bmgjbsbi

3556 wsjnmf }b{kgj bmgjng{}js( ]fhb i`k cf{g }gughmb tb cbo sbhlghmbmgs( Fh}.

sfih`zf ifsj0 }`jbsfh}mgs( @s}fjfnf tbsgn 675.332 il/mf* 6555 }fhb fljs.

jglj =65.=75 7 fsf{nmf mblgj0gs(Irzbw lblg} c46lbjbsghb chbsgjnbi}bmgs(

6<



K GD]K G BL G] GN [BS j{j . =3.

GHK g

Krirs`tf ]fssn{fj Fsf{}ssshf Bh{}g}r{r }fsf}nmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi

355; wgjnmf }b{bgj bmgjshg{}gs( Fh}sfih`zf ifs{? }`jbsfh}mss( Ir{cf{} }gugh.

mb* }fhb sbhlg cbomgs( Kgkbijbhshb lRh {fwg{g <=.11 lRh fsf{nmf mblg¬.

nbi}bmgs( 6555 }fhb fljsgjlj ;<5 7 mss( Tbsgn `s}fjfnf{g 365 il/mf `jru

is{jgi bign wfugjfh c`jvbjbs gkjh }ft{gwb bmgjnbi}bmgs(

6(1( Bign _fnfn tb W`h}bnjbsj

G b Fhfm`jr c`jvb{g gkgh bh gwg bign zfnfh GNfs} {`hr.Hg{fh cf{smss(

xgd}7gjbsgngz Fh}sfih`z af{}favnmfh i`srhnfi gkjh lb7 bign wfunfi}f

cr g{b tbsgn mr{nbjbsghb hbmbh `jnfi}fmss* Af{}favf mfwfsria* {`lrlf

}`jbsfh{gj wbhg kb{g}jbs irjjfsrjfsfi bign `hb fjnshfi}f tb wRi{bi tbsgn

bjmb bmgjnbi}bmgs( [bsunb bign wfwvsh `jfsfi irjjfsrj{f mf bh gwg{g hàr.

mrh ngczbsjb {gsfwf bigjnb{gmgs( I57cf¬6 hàr}jfsmf {bsunb bignmb

65.63il* ngczbsjb bignmb 1.65il/mf }àrsh irjjfsra s( Bign mbsghjglg

2.4bn {ssf fsf{g nb{fdb ;5.=2 bn `jshfamss(

Lbxbignjb fhkfi tbsgn mrxrijrlrhb hbmbh `jrs{rh*

Fh}sfih`zmfh ifbnfi jkjh af{}favf mfwfnia tb {bs.}gdgifa }àrn {bknbr{}h*

61




6(7( Cfihh

Lbhbjjgijb lbl bignjbsmb wf.

cfhkg `} us`cjbn mblgjmgs( Bsibh

bignjbs tbsgn fs}s{g {fvjfnfijf

cgsjgi}b `} ngi}fh dfzjf `jnfi}fmss(

Nr}jfif wfcfhkg `} i`h}s`jr wfusj. Gxxxxxxjgjjjxj6shfamss( Bign ngczbsjb wfusjssr{. G?{f cg}igjbs 65.62 bn `jrhbf wfusjfh C`lfz M`jmrsnf g{jbng tb `} shrkf.

mbjb{g nfighb gjb i`jfwjsijf wfusjfcgjgs( Blbs lbsbi mrwrjrs{f cr g{jbsh ;.=

afd}f {`hsf }bisfsjfhnfamss( Wfugjfh fsf{}ssnfjfs {`hrkr bign {`hsf{g

ljijx `hkb{g Us`nb}asghb* jghrs`h b}igjg nfmmbjg ignwf{fj `} `jmrsrkrjbsgh

irjjfsrjnf{}wjf wfcfhkg `}jfhh "1; `sfsrhmf i`h}s`j bmgjmglg tb }fhb tb.

sgnghgh "25 `sfsrhmf fs}}jlj cbjgsjbhng{}gs(

6(65( Wfcfhkg @}jfs

[fh @} !C`sbftf `sgbh}fjg{'

Ksrbgdbsfb dfngjwf{nf fg} }bi wsjai tb

b}jg lbhgx wfusfijfh `jfh }rw{rz* `}{r cgs

cg}igmgs( Lbhbjjgijb ljijx6 wfljxjfsf cfljj(xx#((a(xx,(.,#

`jfsfi If{rh fwshmf cf{jfshfi}f* Hg{fh

`s}f{nf ifmfs mbtfn b}nbi}bmgs( Kgkbi.

}}?2j9(xx}Rx3 jbhnb Nfwg{ fw} gkghmb* }àrn m4inb g{b

]bnnrz fwnmf `jnfi}fmss( @s}fjfnf `jf.

xggxgfxxbgxfi cgs {fh `} cg}ig{g crvmfw fsf{nmf 375}àrn tbsnbi}bmgs( Crlmfw af{fmg {ssf.

{nmf {fh `} }àrshjfhsrh "61.36,g }ùsf.

lf mìrjshbi}b* "<7.13,{g g{b cgkbsm`tbsgh

mbu`{rhf fjnfsfi crvmfw }àrnjrvrhf

ifh{shfi}fmg s(

67



Iìfs`} !Cgd`sf sfmgfh{'

Rncbjjgdbsfb dfngjwf{nf fg}

}bi wsjai `}{r* }àrnjfhwjf :9?`lf.Gfh cgs cg}igmgs( Fj} wfusfijfs nfw.

m`hrzr* r{} wfusfijfs mbsb `}rhr

fhmghs( Kgkbijbsg {bn{gwb {bijgh.

mb tb cbwfz sbhijgmgs( 6:9?Fhfm`jr

C`jvb{ghmb if{ssh fwshmf kgnjb.

hbsbi }ùsfi w@zbwghb ksifs {`h.

cfafhh irsfi vbknb{g mrsrnrh.mf kgis{jfs hg{fh cf{nf ifmfs {`.

sbs( Kgkbijbhshb afzgsfhn gji af}.

}f{nf ifmfs {rsbs* CrlmfWGh 5 6 . x x x x x x x x x x x

lrhjf?99}jlj M`hbnmb iìfs`} }f

`jvrhjf{fsfi }àrnjfhsr mìbs(

KGD]:9?GBLG]GN[BSj{j ( =3¼

Lìcf&0 !Kbh}frsbf mbusb{{f'

K`nu`{g}fb dfngjwf{nmfh irsfi

gijgn i`{rjjfhhf fmfu}b `jshr{ }àrsh.

jf :9?`lfjfh}bi w}jai cgs cg}igmgs( Vg:9?bi.

jbsg nftg sbhijgmgs( @s}f Fhfm`jr cbj.

xx>,&gggg&&}&(PJ .## ((( G*?9#Oj*9GG.((=8 lb{ghgh bh `hbshjj wfcfhkg `}jfhhmfh

cgsg `jfh vìcf{ if{gsh fwghmfh shfws.

{f ifmfs :9?Gij?99wfufcgjnbi}bmgs( Lì.

x ((( x cf{mf gji kgkbijbs NfWj{ fwg `s}f{nmf

l`s@G@s tb Afzgsfh fwshmf bh r{} mr.

zbwb rjf{gs( Crvmfw af{f} `jvrhjrvr.

hf lbjmglg m`hbnmb vìcf{ }àrnjfh

mf `jvrhjf{fsfi }fsjfwf mì@G@s(

35



..................................

K G D ] K G B L G ] GN [ B S G [ G ¼ = 3 ¼

}ùsfi}f 35 wsj kfhjgavn? i`srwfcgjgs( Fwhkf

{rsrhrkr iìjbsghmbh wbhg cg}igjbs `jr{}rsrs(

Bi`h`ngi `hbshg `jfh nrkfmbjb{g z`s cgs

wfcfhk} `}}rs(

6(66( Af{f}. Afsnfh?

Cg}igjbsmb wfusfijfs issssrzsn{g ifatb.

xxx?xxxxxx sbhlghb m`hmrlrhmb wfhg cg}igjbs af{f} 5 6 .

vrhjrvrhf lbjmglghmb wfugrs( Hàr}}f }fhb

mìnb us`cjbng wì}rs( Rzrh c`wrjr }b{kgj.

sOxxxxxxx>?6jg kb{g}jbsmb af{f} `zbj fwfsjfhssr{ cgkbs m`.

(( PP ((((((((( 9#(*9*(Px((((G tbsjbsjb wfugjfcjjbkbvg lgcg* w`jrhfh cg}igjbs

irlri Wjlnjfs afjghmb }fsjfmf cbijb}gjbsbi }fnfnbh irsrnfjfh {fvjfsrs(

Mfaf {`hsf irsrwfh cg}igjbs `zb^ afsnfh nfighbjb.

sg tbwf cf}`zjb afsnfh bmgjgs( @srhmb hbn `sfsr

"63.6= rh rzbsghmb

g{b mbu`wf v`hmbsgj.

nbmbh `hkb {bslbh.

jbsmb hbn " 63,hgh fj}j.

hf mr{rsrjmri}bh {`h.

sf fncfsf v`hmbsjjjs(

6(63( Hàr} Af{}fai tb _fsfsajfh

6(63(6( Hàr} Fh}sfih`zr !F{k`kaw}f sfcgbg !Uf{{('

Afji fsf{nmf Crjr} kfjmg* Wbj trsmr* Rjibs

trsmr* {bijghmb gdfmb bmgjba cr af{}fjgi jjicfafs

tb wfz cf{jfhhmf `zbjjjijb c`j wflj¬ fjfh hg{ug

hbng wri{bi* aftf {skfiavssrh 35µK kgtfhhmf

{bwsbmbh c`jvbjbsmb hàr} }fsjfjfhhmf crwri

zfsfsjfsf tb rsrh ifwsujfhhf hbmbh `jrs( Af{}f.

33



Nrkfmbjb{g ?

Af{}fjji v`srjshbng{ }fsjfsrh }àr.

nr bigjnbjg* af{}fjji l`srjbh }fsjfwf 3.

; WGG hàr} bigjnbnbjg* af{f}}fh {`hsf xPv (((}àrnjfs 3.; lrh lrhbx fj}shmf irsr.

}rjshfa* bign `hkb{j 655 il }àrn

;55l Cbhjf}b);55l U`nfs{`j D`s}b gjb

l`jlb cgs wbsmb gjfkjfhnfa* }fsjfmf l`.


GGljh cbjgs}g{g* iì c`vfzshmf krsrnb* wfusfi*

mfjjfs* v`tmb tb ifu{rjjbs rzbsghmb irkri mf.

gsbtg {`jri wbxgj jbibjbs {bijghmbmgs( _fnfhjf crjbibjbs l`lfjjs tb ifatbsbhlghb m`hbs* Mfaf

{`hsf cr jbibjbsgh `s}f{? {r}jr ifatb ibhfsjfh

mfaf i`wr sbhijg cgs mrsrn fas(

L`tmb rzbsghmbig jbibjbs v`tmbwj wr.

zri lgcg {fsfsfi r{} }fsfdgh }fnfnbh irsr.

shf{shf hbmbh `jrs( Jbib fhf v`tmb rzbsgh.

mb g{b }rsh cg}ighgh `jshb{ghb hbmbh `jrs(

Af{}favgh }f{nnf{g }àrnjf tb }fsjfmf

ifjfh af{}fj}ia cg}ig fs}gijfh gjb `jnfi}fmss(

B}nbh afhlg w`jjf }f{gsrs{f }f{n{gh cg}ig

rzbsghmb jbibjbs v`srjshbwb cf{jfwghkf abs

jbib cgs bhdbi{gw`h ifwhflj `jrs tb af{}fjji srzvfs tb wfvshr? mfnjfjfh

gjb mglbs cg}igjbsb }f{gns( ]fhb rzbsghmbig }bi cgs {u`s cgjb lbjbkbi wgj bh.

dbi{gw`h ifwhfvg `jfcgjnbi}bmgs(

Mgiif} &(

] bi cgs af {}f jji jj }f hb lb jb kb i W G G gkjh sg{i mbn bi }gs(

3;



76D]76 BL jsjN [BS G[ G . =3 .

s@jbh af{}fai kkfijfh w`jrhfsfi }fsjfmfh rzfijf{}njnfamgs( N@ni@h{b

wbxgj fi{fn gjfkjfshf{s* af{}fjgijf n@kfmbjb mb bh b}igjg w`h}bsh af{}fjg.

lf lbhb}gi `jfsfi mfwfsria kb{g}jbsgh }àrnjfhsr irjjfhnfawsz(

Iì KrsrijRlr ?

]ùsfi iìbhjg af{}fjgi b}nbhjbsghgh {b.

cbu `jmrlr iì b9?@s@iG@b {`jlrhjri af{}fai.

jfh* cg}igjbsg iì tb iì c`vfzshmfh bhdbi}b

bmgu }fsjfmf `jrnjbsb {bcbu `jrsjfs( B}igjbhng{

dgmbjbs }fsjf gkghmb mfljjnj60 i@b9?@ikfijfs af.

jghmbmgs( Bign `hkb{g 655 il }àrnf ;55 l(

U`nfs{`jb d`s}b irjjfhf.

sfi gjfkjfshf wfu}jfcgjgs(

Af{}fjgi v`srjbh }fsjfmf

;.= WGG hàr} bigjnbnbjg.

mgs( Mfwfsria b9?b60g}jbsbg}

}àrnjfs irjjfsrjnfamss(

6(63(3( Hàr} [ghblg !Jgsg`nwzf kgkbsghf'

Bslghjbsg 6(;.3 nn c`wrhmf `jru cg}ighgh

wfusfijfhhmf `jrs( Jfstfjfh bh dfzjf ; nn

c`wrhmf `jru wfusfi gkbs{ghmbij lfjbsgjbsmb

crjrhrs( Mg{jjbsg wfusfi}f i@l@i wfsfjfs fkfs

tb crsfmfh kgifh ` z ( {r gjb cb{jbhgs( Cr mbjgi. (((((??9((P...*.>.

jbs {fsfsfi irkri {fh jbibjbs `jr{}rsrs* Jfstfjfsg wfusfijfhh gig zfh fsf.

{nmf ifjfh b}jg mìr gjb cb{jbhgs tb lbhb9?cg}igmb vbjg{nbhgh lbsgjbnb{g.

hb hbmbh `jrs( _fsfs igsfk tb fljs }ùsfijfsmf mfaf dfzjf `jshfi}fmss(

Nrkfmbjb{g?

Jfstf ufsfzg}`g}g* wfusfi lfjbsg {ghbijbsghgh wfsrhmf wf{fs tb jfstf.

wj wbs( Cg}igjbs dgmb mbtsb{ghmb gibh {fh wfug{ifh }rzfijfs f{gjfcg}gs( [b.

3=



6(63(;( Hàr} Wb{jj Irsmr !Abjg`}ag{ tgsgujfkf}'

Bslghjbsghgh `h ifhf}jfh ifatbsbhlg `jrurzbsghmb `hmbh fsifwf m`lsr rzfhfh iftg{jg gig

i`wr cfh} tfsmss( Wrnrs}fjfh 5(=2.5(42 nn lf.

ushmf* isbn sbhlghmb tb r{}}bh cf{gi irsb {bi.

jghmbmgs( Wrnrs}fmfh wbhg kgifh jfstf igsjg cbwfz

sbhi}b tb rzbsg igjamss( @jlrh jfstfsrh c`wr =5.=2 nn mgs( [ss} ig{shnmf

wb{gj ifatbsbhlg tb {fh sbhi}b cfh}jfs wfhjfsmf mf {fh {fh cgsbs cfh} cr.

jrhshfi}fmss( Uruf* 35.3;nn c`wjr `jru sbhlg `hkb wb{gj {`hsf iszsj ifa.tbsbhlghb m`hnbi}bmgs(

Cg}ighgh wfusfikgi*

kgkbi* dgjgz* ifu{rj tb

}àrnjfhhmf cb{jbhb.

sbi zfsfsd `jrs( Hàr}

wbxgj irsmrhrh zfsfh

WBN BIJ gI ]FHB CFIJFL gJ

sfjfsmf shrkfmbjb fnfkgwjf Mgljwuar{ g{fbf

2.;5 ufsfzg}`g}O65n3 `sfsrhmf {fasrs( Irlri

wfusfijj Cg}igjbsmb = fmb}Owfusfi* crwri wfu.

sfia cg}igjbsmb 65 fmb}Owfusfi `jmrvrhmf

Kws`nfzghb <2 " \U 35 l/mf Djrdbh`qr.

s`h 25 l gj MK 355 kk/mf b}igjg nfmmbjg gjfk.

jfsjf gjfkjfshf wfusas(

32



K GD]K G BL G] GN [BS G[ G ¼=3¼

v`sr}bh }fsjfmf af{f} {`hrhmf mbsgh {rsrsh wfugjfsfi }ùsfi}fig urufjf.

hh `jshb{g {fvjfsrs(

Wfugjfh i`h}s`jjbsmb n3

mb 26fGTf l`srjm@l@hmb ignwf{fj shrkfmbjb zf.shfsr vbjng{}gs* Bhm`{@jdfh " ;3(7 625l G mf Bhm`{@jdfh ;45 lgj 625nj/mf

irjjfsrjshfjsmss(

6(63(=( C`zirs} !Fls`}g{ !>[k`}gf' {uu(

Bslghjbsgh @h ifhf}jfh lsgn{g ifatbsbhlg

`jru rzbsghmb i`wr ifatbsbhlg jbibjbs tfsmgs(

Cr jbibjbsgh xbijg tb crw@ij@lr }@sjbsb l`sb

mblgxgs( Wrnrs}fmfh wbhg kgifh jfstf 5*; nn

c`wrhmf isbn sbhlghmb tb }rwjrmrs( @jlrh jfs.

tf g{b {gwfa}sh{s lsg sbhi}bmgs( C`zirs} jfstfjf.

h* cg}ighgh }ùsfi wrzbwghb wfin wbsmbh* iì c`vfzghmfh ib{nbi tb ib.

ngsnbi {rsb}gwjb cg}ighgh injgu irsrshf{nf hbmbh `jnfi}fmss*

Nrkfmbjb{g?

]fsjfwf i`{bvbhjbs w`hrhmb lgsgjbsbi bh fz 25 cg}ig ghkbjbhgs( I`h}.

s`j bmgjbh cg}igjbsmbh " 6.; `sfsrhmf jfstf tbwf ib{gi cg}ig {fu}fhmgvnmf

* gjfkjfnf wfusas* C`zirs} shrkfmbjb{jhmb bh b}igjg w`h}bsh zbagsjg wbnmgs(

Bhm`{@jdfh* ";3(7 62 5l6 !65 il ibubi ) 255 7 {bibs' tbwf Bhm`{rj}fh*

;45 l gj ;25 nj !65 il ibubi ) 255 7 xbibs' cbjgs}gjbh ngi}fsmfig Ibubi

gjb gjfk irsr irsrwf ifh{}nas( -bibs bsg}gjshg{ {r gjb wftf{ wftf{ hbnjbh.

34



WBN BIJ GI ]F H B CFIJFL gJ

mgsgjgs( Wbn {jghlbs afjghg fjnkfwf ifmfs hbnjbhmgsgjnbwb mbtfn bmgjgs(

_bagsjg wbn mbifsf 2.1 il `jfsfi fi{fn r{}Jg cg}ig mgujbsghb f}gjss(

3( NBSKgNBI ]FSGNG

Nbskgnbi rjibngzjh cgs.

kì c`jvb{ghmb wb}g{bcg}bh tb

hfmf{ fjfhjfhsrh mbvbsjbhmg.

sgjnb{g gkgh bign h`cb}ghmb

crvmfw tb fsuf gjb bh rwlrh

nrhftbcbwb lgsbcgjbh cgs cg}ig.mgs( Nbskgshbvgh }fhbjbsghmb dfzjf ngi}fsmf us`}bgh `jmrvrhmfh cb{jbwgkg

`jmrvr lgcg {fshfsr mf fsfnjfh cgs afwtfh wbngmgs(

3(6( ]ùsfi Afzjsjjlj

Nbskgnbi }fhshnmf }ùsfi afzssav? ig{ai }fasjjfhh af{fm}hmfh {`h.

sf tb {`hcfafs wfvnrs}fs}hmfh `hkb {ìjr urjjrijf 62 . 35 kn mbsjhjgvjh.

mb gji {rsrn wfugjfsfi cg}ig fs}sijfh l`nrjJgs( Gighkg }ùsfi g{jbshb g{b wfl.

nrsjfsmfh {`hsf tb bignmbh `hkb ifz fwflj tb }ssssri tbwf mg{ifs` tb }ss.

ssrijf vbskbijb{}gsgjjs( C`wjbkb mrzvrh cgs }àrn wf}flj afzssjfhssr{ `jrs(

3(3( Lrcsbjbnb

Bign `hkb{g 3.; il {fd fz`} !H'* iì {g{}bnghg tb ` jvrhjf {shf wg aszjf h.

mgsshfi g:9?ghmb 2.4 il {fd d`{d`s !U352' tbsgjnb{g `hbsgjnbi}bmgs( Lrcsbjb.

nbmb "61 Fz`} tb " =4 U352 ifu{fwfh Mgfn`hwrn D`{df} !MFU' lrcsb.

{ghgh irjjfsrjnf{} nbskgnbi wb}gx}gsgkgjglg gkjh lbsbijg `jfh abs gig cb{gh nfm.

mb{ghg ifs{ sjf sh f{ g c fi ssnhmfh rwlrhmrs( Lrcsbjbs* gighkg }ùsfi g{jbshbmbh

`hkb }fsjf wrzbwghb {bsugjbsbi ifzfwfl& ) }sssnijf }ùsfvf ifh{}shjshfamss(

3(;( ]àrnjri

Wrsmrnrzmf nbskgnbi bigng wfugjfh c`jvbjbsmb mbifsf 7 il }àrn

bigng wb}bsjg `jshfi}fmss* [bsunb bignjbsmb cr sfifshjfs bh fzghmfh 3 il

3<



K GD h9?6 B L jsjN [ B S j{j ( = 3 ¼

mfaf fs}}nas( @s}f Fhfm`jr tb Lbkg} c`jlb. 2P*xxxsfxjbsghmb bigjbkbi is{jsi nbskgnbijbsmb mbif.

sf f}sjfkfi }àrn ngi}fh ab{fujfsrsibh

nbwmfhf lbjbcgjbkbi is{ zfsfh l`z `hjghb

fahfsfi gsg }fhbjg urj nbskgnbijbsmb ![f.

zfi.76* IfWG.76' bign {jijjlnn 63 il kgtf.

hhmf tb {gsf fsf{? nb{fdbhgh 62.35 kn 56. P

nf{} lbsbigs(

K9ì}àrn irjjfhnfi* kì tbsgn fjnfi mblgjmgs(

3(=( ]b{kgjjg Nbskgnbi K9bxg}jbsg

]b{kgj Bmgjbh Isssnz? Nbskgnbi Kb{g} [ fws{ g ? 66

]b{kgj Bmgjbh Wb{gj Nbskgnbi Kb{g} [ fws{g ? < mgs(

]fsjf CNFB 2Fhifsf Rht(_(D( =

Fhfm`jr ]FB =

Lrhbwm`vr F]FB ;

M`lr F]FB 3

}fsfdnmfh }b{kgj b}}jsjjnj{j}gs(

3(=(6( WBxGJ NBSKGNBIJBS

URJ 66

Fhifsf Rhgtbs{g}b{g _gsff} DfiJgj}b{g }fsfdnmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi 67<2 wsjsh.

mf }b{kgj bmjjng{}gs* Ig{ai}b{}f sbhlg fkgi wb{gj* i`}gjbm`h sbhlg {fh* }fhb kf.

ug 4.< nn* 6555 }fhb fljsjjlj 22.45 7 fsf{nmf `jru tbsgng 66;.642 il/mf

fsf{nmf mblgxnbi}bmgs( Gl Fhfm`jr tb vbkj} c46lbjbsghb `hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

31




W B & ? 0 gJ 3 6 T B W B & ? 0 G J ; 6

Fhifsf Rhgtbs{g}b{g _gsff} Dfirj}b{g }fsfdshmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi 67<2

wsjnmf }b{kgj bmgjng{}gs( IG&0jji* }b{}f sbhlg fkgi wb{gj* i`}gjbm`h sbhlg {fh.mss( Wb&0gj 36 kb{gmghgh }fhb kfu} 2.4 nn* 6555 }fhb fljsjjlj 25.22 l( tbsg.

ng g{b 6=5.6<5 il/mf mss( Wb{gj ;6,gh }fhb kfug =.2 nn* 6555 }fhb fljsjj.

lj =2.25 l* tbsgn g{b 665.6;7 il/mf fsf{nmf mblg&0nbi}bmgs( Gw Fhfm`jr

tb lbwg} ccjlbjbsghb chbsgjnbi}bmgs(

IFWG.76

Fhfm`jr ]fhn{fj Fsf{}ssnf Bh{}g}R.{r }fsf}nmfh g{jfa bmgjng{ `jru 6776 WG.

jghmf }b{kgjg wfu sjssr {}ss* I g{ai urj nbskg.

nbi}gs( I`}gjbm`h sbhlg {fh.wb{gj* }fhb kf.

ug 4.4*1 nn* 6555 }fhb fljsjjlj 45.43 7

tbsgn g{b 665.635 il/mf mgs( Gw Fhfm`jr

f(((((((Ox?((((((fx PP x PP x (((( tb vbkg} ccjlbjbsghb chbsgjnbi}bmgs(

[RJ]FH 6

Fhfm jr ]fhn{fj Fsf{}gsshf Bh{}g}r{r

}fsfdghmfh g{jfa bmgjng{ `jru 67<< wsjnmf

}b{kgjg bmgjng{}gs( ]b{}f sbhlg wb{gj* i }gjbm`h

sbhlg {fh `jru wfzai urj nbskgnbi}gs( ]fhb

sbhlg wb{gj* i }gjbm`h sbhlg {fhmss( ]fhb lf.

ug 4*;.4*4 nn* 6555 }fhb fljsjjlj 27.4;

vsfshmss* @s}fjfnf tbsgn 16.17 il/mf fsf.

{nmfmss* Gw Fhfm`jr tb vbkj} ccjlbjbsghb

chbsgjnbi}bmgs(

BS_RSRN 17

M`lr Fhfm`jr ]fhn{fj Fsf{}gsshf Bh{}g}r{r }fsfd}hmfh g{jfa bmgj.

shg{}gs( =.2 nn kfughmf* 6555 }fhb fljsjjlj 25 7 `jfh wfzjsi cgs kb{g}}js(

37



K gD]K g BL g] gN [BS j{g ¼= 3 ¼

]b{}f tb i`}gjbm`h sbhlg {fhn{g.wb{gjmgs( Tbsgn 15.635 il/mf fs{nmf mb.

lg¬nbi}bmgs( M`vr Fhfm`jr c46lb{ghb 4hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

NBWTBKG 3556

]fsjf Cg}igjbsg Nbsibz Fsf{}ssshf Bh{.

}g}r{r }fsfdnmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi 3556 wsjn.

mf }b{kgj bmgjshg{}gs( ]fhb sbhlg wb{gj* i`}g.

jbm`h sbhlg {fh `jru wfzjji cgs kb{g}}gs( Vg.

kbijbhshb lrh {fws{g 46.<5 lrh* `jlrh.

jf{nf lrh {fws{g 7;.72 lrhmrs( ]fhb

kfug 4.< nn* 6555 }fhb fljsjjlj <5.<3 l* tbsgn g{b 6;5.645 il/mf fsf{sh.

mf mblg¬nbi}bmgs( jk Fhfm jr tb vbkg} c46lbjbsghb 4hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

3(=(3( Isssnz} Nbskgnbijbs

IGxJjI IGSNG_G 26

Fhifsf Rhgtbs{g}b{g _gsff} Dfirj}b{g }fsfdnmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi 67<2

wsahmf }b{kgj bmgjng{}gs( Ifcri sbhlg issssrzs* i`}gjbm`h sbhlg }rsrhkr* }fhb

kfug =.2 nn* 6555 }fhb fljsjjlj ;2¼=5 7 `jru ig{ai nbskgnbi kb{gmgmgs(

Tbsgng 65<.622 il/mf fsf{nmf mblg¬nbi}bmgs( Gl Fhfm`jr tb vbkg} ccjlb.

jbsghb chbsgjnbi}bmgs(

BNSB 35

67<< wgjnmf }b{kgj bmgjng{ `jru s,.>*xU(#*#,GGG

Fhfm`jr ]fsgn{fj Fsf{}gsshf Bh{}g}r{r

}fsfdnmfh g{jfa bmgjshg{}gs( Wfzjji cgs kb.

{g}}gs( Ifcri tb i`}gjbm`h sbhlg issssrz}.

mss( =*2.2 nn kfughmf* 6555 }fhb fljsjj.

lj ;=.;1 7 `jru tbsgng g{b 4;.634 il/mf

fs{shmf mbvg{nbi}bmgs( Bsibhkg cgs kb.

{j}}gs( Gl Fhfm`jr tb lbk9?g} ccjlbjbsghb

chbsgjnbi}bmgs(

;5



WBN BIJ gI ]FHB CFIJFL gJ

3(=(;( IGxjGi Isssnz} Nbskgnbi

WBSJg IGSNG_G

Lrhbwm`vr Fhfm`jr ]fhsh{fj Fsf{}gsnf Bh{}g}r{r }fsfdshmfh s{jfa

bmgjbsbi 671= wsahmf }b{kgj bmgjng{}gs( I67g6ikb{g}}gs( ]fhb kfug ;*2.= nn*

6555 }fhb fljsjjlj ;2.=5 7 mss* Ifcri issnszg tb {gwfa h`i}fjg* i`}gjbm`h

sbhlg g{b issssrzsmss( Tbsgn 625.355 il fsf{ghmf mbvg{nbi}bmgs( Lrhbwm`.

lr Fhfm`jr c`jvb{ghb `hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

DGSF] 1<

Lrhbwm`vr Fhfm`jr ]fhsh{fj Fsf{}ssnf Bh{}g}r{r }fsf}nmfh s{jfabmgjbsbi 671< wsahmf }b{kgj bmjjshj{}gs( ]fhb kfu} =.=*2 nn* 6555 }fhb

fljsjjlj ;1.=5 7 `jfh ig{ai isssnz} nbskgnbi kb{gmgmgs* Ifcri ubncb {g.

wfa h`i}fjg* i`}gjbm`h sbhlg g{b issssrzsm}s( Tbsgn 6<2.355 il/mf fsf{nmf

mblg7nbi}bmgs( Lrhbwm`vr Fhfm`jr c`jvb{jhb `hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

NFJF_LgS] 17

M`vr Fhfm`jr ]fhn{fj Fsf{}ssnf Bh{}g}r{r }fsf}nmfh s{jfa bmgjb.sbi 6717 wsjnmf }b{kgj bmgjshg{}gs( Wfzai issssrz? kb{g}}gs( ;*2.= nn kfush.

mf* 6555 }fhb fljsgjlj ;2.=5 7 tbsgng g{b <5.6;5 il/mf fsf{nmfmss( 55.

lr Fhfm`jr c`jvb{ghb `hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

[F_FI 76

Fhfm`jr ]fhsh{fj Fsf{}gsshf

Bh{}g}r{r }fsfdshmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi6776 wsahmf }b{kgj bmgjshg{}gs( 4.< nn

kfunmf* 6555 }fhb fljsjjlj 45.42 l*

bsibhkg* i6766i*ifcri sbhlg igsjg issssr.

_G* i}ssnzg i`}gjbm`hjr urj nbskgnbi

kb{gmgmgs( jk Fhfm`jr tb vbkg} c`jvb.

jbsghb `hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

;6



wjD ] wg BL g] GN [BS G[ G . = 3 .

[BWSFH 74

Lrhbwm`vr Fhfm`jr ]fhn{fj Fsf{}gsnf Bh{}g}r{r }fsfdnmfh 6774

wsahmf s{jfa bmgjbsbi }b{kgj bmgjshj{}gs( Bsibhkg* is{ai cgs kb{g}}gs( =*2.2 nnkfughmf* 6555 }fhb fljsjjlj ;2.=5 7 fsf{ghmfmss( Ifcri sbhlg lsg {gwfa

h`i}fjg * i`}gjbm`h sbhlg issssrzsmss( Tbsgn 6=5.645 il/mf mss( Lrhbwm`vr

Fhfm`jr c jvb{ghb `hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

F J g MFW G

]fsjf Cg}igjbsg Nbsibz Fsf{}ssnf Bh{}g}R{r

]fsf}ghmfh g{jfa bmgjbsbi 3556 wsjnmf }b{kgj

bmjjng{}gs( Wfzjji issssrz} kb{j}}js( ]fhb ifcrvr

ifatbsbhlgmgs( Kgkbijbhshb lrh {fws{} 27.42

lrh* `jvrhjf{nf lrh {fws{} g{b 17.73 vrhkrs* 6555 }fhb fljsjjlj =2.=< l*

}fhb kfug =*2.2 nn fsf{nmf mblgxnbi}bmgs( Tbsgn 6;2.625 il/mf fsf.

{nmf mblgxgs( G b 9 9 Fhfm`jr tb vbkj} c`jvbjbsghb `hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

: 9 ? g D ] : 9 ? g

]fsjf Cg}igjbsg Nbsibz Fsf{}ssshf

Bh{}g}r{r }fsf}ghmfh g{jfa bmgjbsbi

3556 wsjnmf }b{kgj bmgjshg{}gs( IGxjGi igs.

ssrzg kb{g}}gs( Kgkbijbhshb lrh {fws{g

367.3;3 lrh* `jvrhjf{shf lrh {fws{g

34=.341 vrhmrs* ]fhb ifcrvr sbhlg fksi ifatbsbhvg.i}sssrzs* i`}gjbm`h

sbhlg issnsz}mss( 6555 }fhb fljsjjlj ;4.;1 l* }fhb kfug ;*2.=*2 nn mgs( Tb.

sgn 6;5.615 il/ mf fsf{ghmf mblgxgs( G b 9 9 Fhfm`jr tb lbk99g}c`jvbjbsghb `hb.

sgjnbi}bmgs(

IFDIF[

]fsjf Cg}igjbsg Nbsibz Fsf{}gsnf Bh{}g}r{r ]fsf}nmfh g{jfa bmgjbsbi

3556 wsjnmf }b{kgj bmjjshg{}js( IGxjGi issssrzg kb{g}}gs( Kgkbijbhshb lrh {fws.

[j 36=.336 lrh* `jvrhjf{nf lrh {fws{g 34;.34< lrhmrs( ]fhb ifcrvr

;3



sbhlg ifatbsbhlg tb lsg.{gwfa mfshfsjs*

i`}gjbm`h sbhlg issssrzsmss( 6555 }fhb

fljsjjlj ;4.;1 l* }fhb kfug ;*2.=*2 nn

mgs( Tbsgn 635.6<5 il/ mf fsf{nmf mb.

lgxgs( 6:9?Fhfm`jr tb vbkg} ccjlbjbsghb

chbsgjnbi}bmgs(

K_CBI


]fsjf Cg}igjbsg Nbsibz Fsf{}ssshf Bh{}g}r{r ]fsfd}hmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi

3556 Wjjnmf }b{kgj bmgjshg{}gs( IGxjji issssrz? kb{g}}gs( Vg:9?bijbhnb lrh {fwg.

[j 36=.367 lrh* `jvrhjf{nf lrh {fws{g

34;.34< lrhmrs( ]fhb ifcrvr lsg.{g.

wfa mfshfsa* i }gjbm`h sbhlg issssrzsm}s(

6555 }fhb fljsjjlj ;2.;< l* }fhb kfug

;*2.=*2 nn mgs( Tbsgn 6;5.645 il/ mf

fsf{nmf mbvg{js* 6:9?Fhfm`jr tb vbkg}

ccjlbjbsghb chbsgjnbi}bmgs(

Rjibshgzmb nbsbgnbi }fhsn wfugjfh Lrhbwm`lr ccjlb{ghmb ir:9?ri

}fhbjg b} sbhlg issnsz} nbsbgnbi ig{ai `jfsfi* @s}f Fhfm`jr tb vbkg} c`j.

lbjbsghmb gsg }fhbjg tb ifcri sbhlg wb{gj b} sbhlg g{b {fh urj wb¬gj nbsbg.

nbijbs bsibh gjicfafsmf bigjbsbi wfzai }??99xxxxxx`jfsfi wb}g{}gsgjnbi}bmgs( gwg cgs }`arn.

jrvrh kgngbhshb lrbr wri{bi* m`jlrhtb }bngz `jnfjs* rzbsghmb ccbbi wbhglg

`jnfnfamss( [`h zfnfhjfsmf ]fsgn

tb Icw j{jbsj Cfifhavnf cfljg Fsf{}gs.

nf Bh{}g}Rjbsg ibhmg ccjlbjbsghb rwlrh

wri{bi tbsgnjg kb{g}jbsg lbjg¬}gsgjnbwb

cf{jfssr{jfsmss(

3(2( Bign _fnfh&

;;



K GD ] K G B L G] GN [ B S j{ j ( =3¼

Lrhbwm`vr Fhfm`jr c46lb{ghmb ig{jsi nbsbgnbijbsgh If{rh fwshmf

bigjnb{g bh rwlrh zfnfh `jnfi}f* @s}f Fhfm`jr tb vbkg} c46lbjbsghmb g{b

bign glgh rwlrh zfnfh Nfs} fw? `jnfi}f* lbl wfugjfh bignjbsmb g{b tb.

sgn mrxri `jshfi}fmss( Nbsbgnbi bigng crvmfw ngczbsjbsg gjb i`jfwjgijf wf.

ugjfcgjnbi}bmgs( Bigngh abnbh fsif{ghmfh bign b{hf{nmf `s}fwf ksifh

ib{bijbsg tb wrzbwb ksissr{ }f{jfh cf{}gsshfi gkjh {gjghmgs lblgsgjnbjgmgs(

3(2( Wfcfhk} @}

Nbsbgnbi }fhnshmf cfign g{.

jbnjbsg mbhghbb gji `jfsfi fijf wf.

cfhk} `}jf shrkfmbjb lbjgs( K9rhir

shbskgnbvjh wfcfhkg `}jf sbifcb}

{fh{? wì mbhbbbi ifmfs fzmss( @}.

jfs }bngzjbhnbz{b tbsgn mrxri 56.

mrlr lgcg af{f} mf vrkjb{bkbi}gs

(@s}f Fhfm`jr tb vbkg} c46lbjbsghmb wfzjgi `jfsfi wb}g{}gsgjbh nbsbgnbijbs.

mb cgs mbdf `} fjnfi wb}bsjg `jnfi}fmss(

[`h wgjjfsmf wfugjfh kfjg{nfjfs bign {`hsf{g wjijx 4hbb{ghmb }ùsf.

lf rwlrjfhfh `} `jmrsrkr gjfkjfhh !Fkj`hgdbh tb Jghrsgh b}igjg nfmmbjg '

bi`h`ngi `jfsfi `} `jmrsshbmb irjjfhfcgjbkbvghg v`{}bsng{}gs ( Dfif} cr

gjfkgfsn irjjfsrssrhmf kì mgiif}jg `jrhshfrmss(

3(<( Af{f}

Wfcfhn `} `jmrsrkr jjfkjfsf MgIIF]&

Nbsbgnbi }fhssrhmf af{f} lbhbj.

jgijb bjjb wfurshfi}f* 4zbjjgijb Lrhbwm`.

lr c46lbngzmb nbsbgnbijbsgh {fsfsnf.

[j af{f} zfshfsr `jfsfi cgjghnbi}b tb

G;=



WBN BIJGI ] FHB CFIJFL GJ

cr m4hbnmb af{f} wfugjnfi}fmss( [ìrjbh cg}igjbs 2 . 4 lrh }fsjfmf cbi.

jb}gjbsbi irsrnfjfh {fvjfns tb mfaf {`hsf mf afsnfh nfighbjbsg gjb afs.

nfsr wfusas( Af{f}}f lbkginb* cfijfjfhh kf}jfnf{g tb mìrjnb{g hbmb.

hgwjb rsrh ifwcgwjf {`hrkjfsrs(

;( IRSR DF[RJWB ]FSGNG


!Rf' !]`h' !Il/cf'

Df{rjwb 3=471;13 6<111<6j <3=(;

Hàr} 65 d g h ` 266 [ 32S 457 <<=*<

C}gsgggkb x52<362 ;;<< <16 ;<3(7

Cbzkjwk 2<=2 0W@ 74<5741 641;*6

Nbskgnbi ;4=552; 3126 752 <1;*2

Cfijf 3=26' 6!6' O 47,' 3,'= 625=*;

]@UJFN [4 346545 =2<=<34S [S=x

;2

Wbnbijgi ]fhb Cfijflgjjbsmbh Ir.

sr Df{rjwb* Lsru gkbs{ghmb Mrhwfmf

bh dfzjf bign fjfsrhf tb rsb}gsh ngi}f.

hhf {fagu}gs( Hàr}* Nbskgnbi tb Df.

{rjwbhgh Mrhwf }ùjfn cfijflgj bign

fjfsrhmfig ufwjfh {gsf{swjf " 64(2.

" =(7 tb " ;4(79 rsb}gshmb ufwjfh g{b xxxO(x&,g{ssf{swjf " 62(2* "2(= tb ";5(4 mss*

]rsigwb hgh Mrhwf Df{rjwb Rsb}gng jkbs{ghmbig ufwg " 6(= gibh* cgsgn

fjfh tbsgng fkg{nmfh F(C(M(,mbh {`hsf gighkg {ssfmf tb Mrhwf `s}fjfnf.

{nn rzbsghmb cgs wbs fjnfi}fmss*

3553 Tggg MRhwf Tbnbijgi ]fhb Cfijflgjjbs Bign Fjfn* @sb}gn Tb Tbsgn Mblbsjbsg(



K GD ] K G B L G] GN [ B S G[ & . =3.

]rsigwb ]fsjf Cg}igjbsg Bign fjfsrsrh " <=,r }fagjjfsf* gighkg `jfsfi

}f" 1(; Cfijflgjjbsb fwhjsn{}ss( Irsfi tb Tfh Irsfi fjfhjfsmf hàr} tb

shbskgshbvgh* {rjr fjfhjfsmf g{b df{rjwbhgh bign h`cb}ghb lgsnb{g lbsbi cg.

sgn fjfhmfh bjmb bmgjbh tbsgngh fs}nf{nf*lbsbi{b hfmf{ fjfhjfsgsrh

fzfjnf{nf if}igmf crjrhshr{}rs( Df{rjwb* ]rsigwb mb Wbnbijgi ]fhb

Cfijflgjjbs gkghmb bign fjfsr tb rsb}gsh cfisshnmfh hàr} tb nbskgnbi}bh

{`hsf rk99rhkr{ssfmf wbs fas ( Df{rjwb Rjibngzmb cr}rh c46lbjbsmb wb}g{.

}gsgjnbi}bmgs( Bign fjfsr cfignnmfh @s}f Fhfm`jr cgsghkg* Ifsfmbhgz gigh.

kg* Lrhbwm`vr Fhfm`jr rk99rhkr{gsfmf wbs fjss* ]rsigwb ]ùjfn Irsr Df.

{rjwb Rsb}gnghgh " ;3,{g @s}f Fhfm`jr mfh* " 64,{j Lrhbwm`lr Fhfm`jr

mfh* " 63,{g g{b Ifsfmbhgz c`jvb{ghmbh {fvjfsrs* Bh dfzjf irsr Df{rjwb

rsb}gshg wfufh gjjbs {ssf{swjf* Ifasfshfhshfsf{* I`hwf* Bszghkfh*[fn{rh*

Nfjf}wf* Cfjgib{gs*Ifw{bsg* Crs{f tb Kfhfiifjb, mgs(

3553 TGG& ]ggsigwb Tbnbijgi ]fhb Cfijflgjjbs Bign Fjfsr* Rsb}gn Tb Tbsgn

Mblbsjbsg( DF@* 355;


!555 af' !555 }`h !il/af'

Hàr} !*25(5 275(5 75S(5

Nbskgnbi 255(5 =[5(5 6'4!6(5

Df{rjwb 6<2(5 3;4(5 6;=7(5

Sfijf 61(5 ;;(5 61;;(5

Cb,jKG',b 6(; ;(6 3;12(5

M`vfmf gh{fh bh vbjg{shg{ cgs cgsbw `jmrvr afjmb us`}bghgh wfug }f{g

`jfh fngh`f{g}jbsg {bh}bzjbnb wb}bhbvghb {fagu mbvgjmgs( Crhjfs lrhjri

cb{ghjbsjb ifs{sjfhshfamss( Mrhwfmf Gh{fh cb{jbhnb{ghmbig cg}ig{bj us`}b.

ghjbsgh "33 {g* ifsc`hagmsf}jfhh" ]{g* afwtfh cb{jbhnb{ghmbig us`}bgh.

jbsgh " ;1,* tb ifsc`hagmsf}jfhh "2,g cgjb{gshghmb "61.;6(4 `sfsrhmf us`.

}bgh gkbsbh wbnbijgi cfijflgjjbsmbh {fvjfhshfi}fmss( Wbnbijgi }fhb cfijf.

lgjjbs fwsr zfnfhmf F*C tb M tg}fnghjbsghkb zbhlgh `jru* vbjg{shbi}b `jfh

;4



WBN BIJGI ]FHB CFIJFL gJ

rjibjbsmb mr{ri us`}bghjg tb wri{bi bhbsogjg cb{ghjbsgh bi{gijgijbsghg lgmbsg.

kg `jfsfi w4sbmb irj}Rsr wfusjfh wbnbijgi cfijflgj }Rsrhrh irjjfsrjshf `jf.

hflj tfsmjs(!Nj{js.Df{rjwb'jh{fh cb{jbhnb{ghgh wfsh {gsf }fhb tb {fujfh

afwtfh cb{jbhnb{ghmb irjjfsrjshfi}fmss( Cgs }`h cfijflgj {fughmf

6;=(< il us`}bgh crjrhnf{shf ifs{sjgi cgs }`h crlmfwlgj wbn cg}ig{g {fun.

mf =5(2 il us`}bgh crjrhrs( Afwtfh cb{jbhnb{ghmb 6 }`h cfijflgj {fu G{b.

igz }`h }fagj {fushf b¬ mbvbsmb ifcrj bmgjgs( Lbjg{shbi}b `jfh rjibjbsmb ig.

¬g cf{nf }Rib}gjbh ngi}fs hàr}}f 65.35* nbskgnbi}b 1.65* df{rjwbmb;.2

il gibh9 rjibshgzmb ig¬g cf{nf }rib}gsh hàr}}f 4.7 !Gbcjbcgjgi mfagj'* nbs.

kgnbi}b 2.1( Df{rjwbmb ;.= il bss( fjnfi}fmgs

;(6( gasfkf}

Mrhwfmf rsb}gjbh Wbnbijgi ]f.

hb Cfijflgjjbsgh "12.75,hj rsb}gkg rj.

ibjbs }fsfdnmfh }Kjib}gjnbi}b tb

" 65.62,g gasfk bmgjnbi}bmgs( Df{rj.

wb gasfkf}nmf K gh * Crsnf* FC@ tb

Fsofh}gh gji {gsfjfsmf wbs fjnfi}fmss(@jibngzmb Cfijflgjjbs ]fss sh{fj

@srh M g{ [ f}sssr gkjhmb Nbwtbmbh

{`hsf jighkg* m`tgz lbjgsg fkg{nmfh g{b Nbwtb tb Bhmr{}sg Cg}igjbsghg }figu

b}nbi}bmgs( Wbnbijgi ]fhb Cfijflgjjbs ]fsgn Rsrhjbsg ]ùjfn jasfkf}sssrz.

mf "6;.61 ufw fjshfi}fmss( ]ùjfn Wbnbijgi ]fhb Cfijfvgj jasfkf}nrzmf

Df{rjwb gasfkf}s* ngi}fs tb bjmb bmgjbh gasfkf} lbjgsg cfisssrhmfh Hàr} tb

Nbskgnbi}bh {`hsf rwrhkr {gsfmf wbs fjnfi}f `jru* ]ùjfn Cfijflgj gasf.

kf} lbjgsgngzmb " 3=(4 ufwf {fagu}gs(

Rjibshgzgh cfijflgj gasfkf}g wfu}jlj rjibjbs fsf{ghmf Lrhbw F{wf 5 6 .

ibjbsg* Irzbw Fdsgif @jibjbsg* Lrhbw Ftsruf Rjibjbsg tb @s}fm`vr rjibjbsg

gji {ssfjfsmf wbs fjnfi}fmss( 3556 w}jghmf ;6 157 555 m`jfsjgi df{rjwb ja.

sfw bmgjnj{}js* Rjibngz {`h wsjjfsmf 4hbnjg ngi}fsmf cfijflgj ms{fjsssr wfu.

shfi}fmss 6777 wgjnmf =3 ngjw`h m`jfs `jfh wbnbijgi cfijflgj g }afjf}ssnz(

3556 wgjnmf 4= ngjw`h m`jfsf wri{bjnj{}gs*

;<



.....

s9?GD]s9?6BLG]GN[BSj{j . =3.

;(3( Ignwf{fj Wfus{g tb Irjjfnn Wbsjbsg

Df{rjwbhgh }fzb* cfijf tb }fh{.

jbsg {bczb `jfsfi irjjfhsjss( ]fzb df.

{rjwb tg}fngh tb cb{gh nfmmbjbsghkb xx>xxxxxzbjjgijb ifj{gwrn cfigshnmfh zbh. Glghmgs( @jlrh }fhbmb irsr nfmmbmb

" 3;.3= us`}bgh* " 45 ifsc`hagmsf}

"2 afn {bjrj`z* "6< wfl* ";(4 irj G&&&&&xx.crjrhrs( Nbtkr} us`}bghjbsgh "43.73

"6;,r {`mfmf* "3.32 }rzmf bsgnbi}bmgs( ]fhbjbs*

wri{bi us`}bgh glbsglgwjb cgsjgi}b jbzzb}jg `jmrijfh

jkjh }rsh Mrhwfmf wbnbi `jfsfi }rib}gjgs(

;(;( ]ùsfi Wfug{rr gwgjbx}gsnbmbig@hbng

Sagz`cgrn Cfi}bsgjbsg gjb irsmrijfh `s}fi wf{fsh {`hrkrhmf aftfmf.

ig {bscb{} fz`}r cfvjfwfsfi !2.62 ilmf' abn ibhmg ga} jwfkn} ifs{gjfshfi.

}f fz mf `j{f ibhmghmbh {`hsfig cg}igwb fz`} cssfishfi}fmss* Mbsghb ghbhi4ijbsg fsfkjjglj gjb }ùsfv} afdgdjb}bsbi* c`{jrijfh vbhg{ mbsgh ifhfjgfsf kb.

tgsbsbi }ùsfi}f {jijxnfWG 4hjbs( Gig afd}f lgcg is{f {rsbmb ufskfjfhfsfi

}ùsfi}f cssfi}gijfh wri{bi fz`}

ifu{fnjj `slfhgi nfmmb ngis``s.

lfhgznfjfhh kf js{shf{sn aszjfh.

mssfsfi }ùsfi kfhajsvnn iì wf.

xxG&xx wrnf c46lb{ghmb fs}nf{ssr {fl.jfs( [`hrk}f ibhmghmbh {`hsfig

&$o$*`gGm((`(((.?(P?(((((((GGx9(((((&*.>x(((?(((((((((9(9GGG&G9jGgG*((((((((((( cg}igwb rwlrh `s}fn afzssjfsjfs*

;(=( gijgn g{}bijbsg

@u}gnrn vbjg{nb {jkfijjlj64.3= M K mgs( Bh rwlrh kgshjbhshb {jkfijjlj

61.35 M K mgs( [s }nh r{}rhmb vbkbh lrh {fws{ g 652.635 lrh `jshfamss( Bh gwg

{`hrkjfs? Vgnjbhnb m4hbng {gkfi * kgkbijbhshb m4hbng {bsgh lbl}glghmb

;1



W B N B I J GI ] F H B C F I J F L GJ 6fasrs( Lbjg{nb tb kgkbijbhshb m`hbnghmb {gkfijsi g{}blg 35.32 M K mgs(

;3 M K , hgh rzbsghmbig {gkfiai kgkbijbsgh mìrjshb{ghb hbmbh `jrs( Kgkbijbh.

nb M`hbshghmb hg{ug hbngh " 25 hgh rzbsghmb `jshf{g lbsbigs( ]fhbjbsgh 56 .

vrhjf{shf{g gkgh irsr aftf lbsbigs(

;(2( ]ùsfi g{}bijbsg

Gmbfj ]ùsfijfs9 Gwg msbhb bm}jshg{* `slfhgi nfmmbkb zbhlgh* irnjr.

}sha* afdgd f{g} wfmf h`}s }ùsfijfsmss( Kì irsr tb G{jfi ]ùsfi i`{rjjfh

cg}ig vbjj{jshghkb rwlrh mblgjmgs( Ifwnfi cfvjfwfh }ùsfijfs dgmbhgh ljij.

606h6hjbs(ksig{ {rjfshf{} lbsbi}gsgs( Wri{bi }rz tb Fjifjg i`h{fh}sf{w`hjf.

hhf kì af{{f{}ss( uA 2(3,hgh fj}nf mr{rhkb cg}igmb c`mrsjri* {fsfsnf*

wfusfi}f crsr{shf tb igthjnfjfsf hbmbh `jrs( ]ùsfi}fig wri{bi `sfhmf.

ig c`s* cg}igjbsgh agzjf {fsfsshf{ghf hbmbh `jrs(

;(4( ]ùsfi Afzjsalj

]ùsfi g{jbnbmb fshfk9 }ùsfi wrzbwg.

hgh mrzbj}jjnb{g* rwlrh }àrn wf}fvssrh

afzssjfhshf{}* }ùsfvsh dgzgi{bj `zbjjgijbsghghgwgjb{}gsgjshb{g* gjfk tb lrcsbhgh }ù sflf if.

h{}njnf{smss( Df{rjwb ]fhssr wfusjfkfi

}fsjfmf }fasj fsrzg tfs tb wfcfhkg `} mf dfz.

jf g{b }fsjf {`hcfafsmf {ìjr urjjrijf

35.32 kn mbsghjgi}b {rsrjbsbi cg}ig fs}sijfhsrh }ùsfvf ifh{}njnf{g {fl.

jfsrs* IG¬6h m`hshf.k`zrjshb gjb r{} is{sshmfig ib{bijbs mfljjjs tb }ùsfi

aftfjfhsn{ `jrs( Fwhkf (mbsgh }ùsfi g{jbshbiì af{}faijfh tb cfz} zfsfsjgjfhh b}ig{ghg

fzfj}ss (jjicfafs }ùsfi g{jbnb{g* }fsjfsrh hb.

ng tb wfcfhkg `} mrsrnrhf l`sb ifzfwfvs )

}ssshsijf wfusjgs( Mfaf {`hsf wfcfhkg `} gjfkg

tb vrcsb mb f}gjfsfi }ssssrijf }ùsfvf ifh{}s.

has* Bigjbkbi fjfsrh mrz* ib{bi{gz tb rhg.

;7



K GD]K G BL jsjN [BS j{j . =3 .

d`sn `jshf{g* w@i{bi `sfhmf }àrn kgshjbhshb{g tb gjbsgmb }fsjfmf {rwrh

lcjjbhnbnb{g cfignnmfh chbnjgmgs( j{}bhmgvghmb bign chkb{g wfcfhkg `}

gjfk? irjjfsrjfcgjgs( ]fta }ùsfvf tb rwlrh fjb}jb* rwlrh mbsghjgi}b tb zf.

nfhmf bign wfus jnfam}s (

]ftjj }ùsfvf tb rwlxh fjb}jb* rwlrh mbsgh.

jgi}b tb zfnfhmf bign wfunfjj{n(

;(<( LggcsbjbnbRjibngzmb df{rjwb }fhssr wfugjfh ccjlb.

jbsmb mbifsf ;.= il {fd fz`} !H'* 4.< il {fd

d`{d`s !U352' chbsgjnbi}bmgs( ]àrnrh kgsh.

jbhnb{g tb dgmbhgh ljijxnj `jrn{rz wchmb b}.

igjbnb{ghmbh m`jfwg l@csbwg }àrnjf cjsjgi}b

tbsnbi}bh ifknnfi lb sb igs( U sf }gi}b r wlr jf . x#*(s((.

hfh bign 4hkb{g f}sau* }ùsfvf ifh{}njshf{s.mss( H hì{fhavshmf cg}ig tb wfusfijfs {fhn.

{g.wb{gj sbhi fas* Cg}ig vbjg{shb{g mrsrs tb tb. (((((((( >.PP ( ( ( ( ( ( xsgnmb mr{nb lcs@G@s( D`{d`s hì{fhavnmf wfusfi mìrjnb{g bsibh m`.

hbnmb cf{jfs* kgkbijbhshb vbkgigs(kgkbijbs mì@G@s* iì vbjg{shb{g wftf{jf.

mjlj gkgh }ùsfi}fig cb{gh nfmmbjbsghmbh wb}bsghkb wfsfsjfhfnfz( U`}f{.

wrn hì{fhavnmf `h.

kb wf{j? wfusfijfhh rkig{snjfh {fsfhs tb ir.

srnfjfs v`zjbhgs( Kgh.

i` hì{fhhvg lbhl

wfusfijfsmf l`s@G@s(

Wfusfi mfshfsjfhsrh

fsf{g {fsfhs* wfusfi

wb{gj ifjgs(

=5



;(1( ]àrnjri

WBNBIJ GI ]FHB CFIJFL gJ

]àrnjri* }bngz tb af{}fai{gz }fsjfmfh fahshfa* gwg }bshgzjbhshg{ 56.

nfjj* gkghmb ighi* ksjsz }fhb `jshfnfr* kgshjbhshb lr:9?jbsg"12.72 `jnfa tbC`jvbmbig af{}fjsijfsf ifs{? lbhb}gi nriftbnb} {fvjfhssr{* wri{bi tb.

sgnjg* c`jvbwb rwrn {fvjfssr{* }b{bgjjg kb{g}}bsb fg} {bs}g}gifa }àrn irjjf.

srjshfamss( ]àrnjrijfs rzrh {rsb mbu`jfhmsi}fh {`hsf irjjfsrjmsvnmf

:9?b-g}jbsbl`sb mblg-nbijb cgsjgi}b kgshjbhshb wb}bhbijbsghg aszjf wg}gsmgijb.

sghmbh* rzrh {rsb mbu`jfhsn{ rsrhjbs }àrnjri `jfsfi irjjfsrjshfnfam}s(

;(7( ]b{kgjjg Irsr Df{rjwb Kb&0g}jbsgngz

WRHR[.75 !A`s`z Irsr Df{rjwb'

Fhfm`jr ]fssn{fj Fsf{}ssnf Bh{}g}r.

{r }fsfdshmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi 6775 wgahmf

}b{kgj bmgjshg{}gs( Lbjg{shb {bijg? C`mrs.Mgi*

Cg}ig C`wr? 45.42 bn* Kgkbi Sbhlg? 1bwfz*

]fhb ]gug tb Sbhlg? A`s`z. Cbwfz *655 }f.

hb FljsjjVG? =6.=; l( mss( Af{f} @jlrhjri

[rsb{g? 662.635 l@h* tbsgng 335.345

il/mf mss( ]fhbmb Us`}bgh @sfsr? " 3;.34*

Ug{nb Mrsrnr? ;2 mfijifmss* Tgsr{ tb

Cfi}bsgwbj Af{}faijfsf ifs{} }`jbsfh{jsmg s(

Lbhg{ fjfhjfsmf Irsr Df{rjwb Rsb}gng wf.

usjfh }rsh c jvbjbsb `hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

xBAgSFJg.75 !A`s`z Irsr Df{rjwb'

Fhfm`jr ]fhsh{fj Fsf{}ssshf Bh{}g}@.

{@ }fsfd}hmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi 6775 wsjnmf

}b{bgj bmgjng{}gs( Lbjg{shb [bijg? Wbs.mgi*

Cg}ig C`wr? 22.45 bn* Vg:9?biSbhlg? Cbwfz*

=6



K gD ] K g B L G] gN [ B S g[ G . = 3 .

]fhb ]gug tb Sbhlg? A`s`z* Cbwfz* 655 P (‣#( ( ( ( ( (?( ( ( .

]fhb Fljsjjlj? =2(5.=<(5 l( mss* Af{f} 56 .

lrhjri [rsb{g? 652.665 lrh*Tbsgng355.

3=5 il Gmf mss( ]fhbmb Us`}bgh @sfsr?

" 33.3;* Ug{shb Mrsrnr? G{jf}fsfi ;5 mf.

igifmss(Tgsr{ tb cfi}bsg af{}fjgijfhhf }`jb.

sfh{amss* Lbhg{ fjfhjfsmf irsr df{rjwb }f.

hssr wfugjfh }rsh ccjlbjbsb chbsgjnbi}bmgs(

IFSFKFxBAGS.75 !Irjdri.xbibs

Ir sr Df {r jw b'

Fhfm`jr ]fhsh{fj Fsf{}s snf Bh{}g}r{r

}fsfdnmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi 6775 ws jnmf }b{bgj

bmgjshg{}gs( Lbjg{shb -bijg? Wbs.Wfh Wf}si*

Cg}ig C`wr? 45.42 bsh* Kgkbi Sbhlg? Cbwfz*

]fhb ]gug tb Sbhlg? Irkri.[bibs* Cbwfz*

655 ]fhb Fljsjjlj? 61(5.35(5 7 mss( Af{f}

@jlrhjri [rsb{g? 665.662 l@h* tbsgng

3=5.315 il Gmf mss( ]fhbmb Us`}bgh @sfsr?

" 31.;5*Ugxnb Mrsrnr? G{jf}fsfi 35.32

mfigifmss( Tgsr{ tb cfi}bsg af{}fjgijfhhf }`.

jbsfh{amss* Lbhg{ fjfhjfsmf irsr df{rjwb }f.

hssr wfugjfh }rsh ccjlbjbsb 4hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

FIN FH .71 !M bsn f {`h I rsr Df {r jw b'#

Fhfm`jr ]fhn{fj Fsf{}ssshf Bh{}g}r{r

}fsf}nmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi 6771 wsahmf }b{kgj

bmgjshg{}js* Lbjg{shb [bijg ? Wfh [fhj gks * Cg}.

ig C`wr ? 45.<5 bn* Kgkbi Sbhlg ?Cbwfz*

]fhb ]gug tb Sbhlg ? Irlri Mbsnf{`h* Cb.

wfz*6 55 ]fhb Fljsjjlj? ;=(5.;2(5 l( mss( Af.

=3




{f} @jlrhjri [rsb{g ? 662.632 lrh* tbsgng

315.;55 il Gmf mgs( ]fhbmb Us`}bgh @sfsr ?

" 3;.34* Ug{shb Mrsrnr ? G{jf}fsfi 34.31mfigifmgs( Tgsr{ tb cfi}bsg af{}fjgijfhhf }`.

jbsfh{amss( Lbhg{ fjfhjfsmf irsr df{rjwb }f.

hssr wfugjfh }rsh c`jvbjbsb `hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

L5WHRI.71 !A`s`z Irsr Df{rjwb'

Fhfm`jr ]fhsh{fj Fsf{}ssnf Bh{}g}r.

{r }fsfdshmfh g{jfa bmgjbsbi 6771 wsjnmf

}b{bgj bmgjnj{}gs* Lbjg{shb [bijg? C`mrs.

Mgi* Cg}ig C`wr? =2.25 bn* Kgkbi Sbhlg?

Cbwfz* ]fhb ]gug tb Sbhlg? A`s`z* Cb.

wfz* 655 }fhb Fljsjjlj? 2;2.2=5 l( mss(

,gxxxdgxxxx Af{f} @jlrhjri [rsb{g? 652.665 lrh* Tb.j g N sgn? 335.325 ilj mf mss* ]fhbmb Us`}bgh

#,#,,,,,,xx @sfsr ? " 3;.34*Ugxnb Mrsrnr? Gwg mgs(

Gx}xxxxxfi}bsgwbj tb Tgsr{ Af{}faijfhhf ]`jb.

sfh{jsmss( Lbhg{ ]fsjf ]fhsn -bijghmb

Irsr Df{rjwb @sb}gng Wfugjfh ]rn W`sb.

jbsb `hbsgjnbi}bmgs(

@HKBJBS.71 !Cfscrhwf Df{rjwb'

Fhfm`jr ]fhsh{fj Fsf{}ssshf Bh{. (((.....s (((((P*(((P

}g}R{r }fsf}shmfh s{jfa bmgjbsbi 6771

wsjshmf }b{bgj bmgjng{}gs( Lbjg{shb -bijg?

C`mrs.mgi(*Cg}ig C`wr? =5.25 bn* Vg.

kbi Sbhlg? Fkgi jbwjfi* ]fhb ]gug tb

Sbhlg? Cfscrhwf*6 55 ]fhb Fljsjjlj?

=5(2.=6(5 l( mss( Af{f} @jlrhjri [rsb.

{g? 652.665 lrh* tbsgng 335.3=2 il Gmf PP xx?fxxxG??(GG=;



xGD]xG BLG]GN[BSj{j ( =3¼

mss( ]fhbmb Us`}bgh @sfsr? " 3;.

34*Ug¬nb Mrsrnr? G{jf}fsfi ;5.

;2 mfigifmss( Tgsr{ tb cfi}bsg

af{}fjgijfhhf `s}f }`jbsfh{amgs(

Lbhg{ fjfhjfsmf irsr df{rjwb }fh.

ssr wfugjfh }rsh ccjlbjbsb `hbsgj.

nbi}bmgs(

;(65( Bign _fnfh& tb W`h}bnjbsj?

Df{rjwbmb bh rwlrh kjnjbhshb {jkfijjlj 61.35 #K mgs( 62 µK,hgh fj}n.

mfig {skfijgijfsmf kgshjbhshb wftf{ `jrs( Nfh}fsg af{}fjgijfs tb zfsfsjgjfs

}àrnjfsf zfsfs tbsgs( ]ùsfi {gkfijjlg l`z `hrhb fjnmsvghmf bh rwlrh

bign zfnfsr @s}f Fhfm`jr C`jvb{g gkgh Hg{fh {`hr Nfws{ cf{g* M`lr

Fhfm`jr tb Lrhbw Nfsnfsf mf Nfwg{ [`hr Afzgsfh cf¬j* gighkg rsrh `jf.

sfi Nfsnfsf C`jvb{gh mb ]bnnrz fwn.

mf bign rwlrhmrs(

Wrsmrnrzmf Irsr Df{rjwb }fhshn.mf bh kì irjjfsrjfh bign w`h}bshjbsg

6.[bsunb* 3.5kfi R{rjr* ;. [gsfwf

bignmgs( [bsunb bign w`h}bshg }bi mrzb

cgs ljij¬ {fvjfshfmsvs* dfzjf }àrnjri

irjjfsrjmgv? tb cfigsh lrk9?jrijbsg hbmbhgw.

Gb `hbsgjbh cgs w`h}bsh mbvgjmgs(

;(66( Bign W`h}bhhbsj tb Mbifsf F}jjfkfi ]àrn

@kfi r{rjr bign kì zfnfh tb g¬lrkr lbsbi}gsbh* cfakb }fhshnmf

}fzb df{rjwb wb}g{}gsjkjjjvghb rwlrh cgs nb}`}mrs( [gsfwf bign* b¬ zfshfha

cgs K9?jij¬{fvjfnf{g* }àrnjri shgi}fhn* {gsf fsf{g.rzbsg nb{fdbjbsg fwfsjf.

nfwf `jfhfi tbsnb{g* {rjfnf* cfissh tb shrkfmbjb g{jbsghmb i`jfwjgi {fl.

jfnf{? hbmbhgwjb vbhg{ fjfhjfsmf wfugjfh irsr df{rjwb }fhssrhmf }bskga bmg.

jbh cgs bign w`h}bngmgs( Mbifsf f}gjfkfi }àrn shgi}fh kb{gmgh c`mrs tbG

==




{fhakg `jnf{s* bign [jijjlj* irjjfhgjfh bign w`h}bshg* }àrnrh c@w@ij@l@

tb n3 mb crjrhnf{g lbsbibh cg}ig {fwg{shf l`sb mblgxgn v`{}bsgs* sh# cr.

jrhshf{g lbsbibh cg}ig {fws{g * c`mrs tb wfh {fhak} kb{g}jbsmb 32* {ghi kb.

{g}jbsmb g{b 65.63 cg}igmgs( C`mrs tb wfh {ghi df{rjwbjbsmb {gsfwf bignmb

i@l@i }àrnjr kb{g}jbs gkgh 4.<* `s}f c@w@ij@i}b <.65* gsg }àrnjrjfsmf

65.63 il }àrn f }sas* Cfi ssh g{jbshjbsghgh i jfwjgijf wfus j shf{} gkjh nr}jfif

{gsfwf bigjnbjgmgs( C`mrs irsr df{rjwb kb{g}jbsghmb {ssf fsf{g =2.25 bn* [G.

sf rzbsg 1.65 kn* {fhakg df{rjwb kb{g}jbsghmb {rf fsf{g {`kn({rf rzbsg

62.35 kn `jnfamgs( Mbsghjgi =.4 bn mgs( Bign ngczbsjb wfusjfkfvg lgcg af.

zgsjfhfh ifhijfsf* ifhljh {ss }nf* }fta }ùsfvf wfusjshfjsm}s(

;(63( [rjfnf

Df{rjwb bignghmbh af{fmnf ifmfs

vbkbh 655.635 l@h gkbs{ghmb vbjg{gshghg

}fnfnjfwfcgjnbi gkgh ;55.=25 nn {r.

wf lbsbi{ghgng tfsmss* Wfzai `jfsfi wb.

}g{}gsgjmgvghmbh cr {r ga}gwfk? {rjfnfwjf

ifs{}jfsrs( ]ùsfi wfug tb us`dgj mbsghjglg* xxxfjxGxxxfsfzghgh blgng* bign {bijg(cg}ighgh vbjg{.

nb mrsrnr* ,tbsgjbbbi {r ngi}fh* gijgn

mrsrnr tb }fcfh {rwr {btgwb{g lgcg dfi}cs }f}cgi bmgjbbbi {rjfnf nb}`}.

Gfh @zbsghb b}igjgmgs( [rjfnf mrz tb gwg msbhfoa fsfzg i`{rjjfhhmf {fjnf

*{rjfnf* nbwgjjg }fsjfjfsmf nbwgj w`hrhb mgi fksjfh ifhijfsjf ifhi {rjfnf

rwvrjfsrs( ]àrnrh lgnjbhbcgjnb{g gkgh }fhb fljsjjljhjh " 655,5 ifmfs {r

fjshf{g lbsbigs( Irsrwf bigjmgi}bh

{`hsf ljijx6 {fvjfshfi gkgh ;.= {ff}

wfvnrsjfnf {rjfnf wfugas( :9Gijx gjb

kgkbijbhnb fsf{nmf gijgn tb }ùsfi

xxx«O6xx3x(xf?x6gfus{ghf cfljj `jfsfi 6.3 {rjfnf wf.

usas( Cr m`hbshmb tbsgjbh dfzjf {r

cg}igmb iì tb v`tmbmb krsrijrijbsg

=2



;(6;( Cfissh j{jbnjbsj

K gD]K g BL g] gN [BS j{j . = 3 .

fs}shs( Kgkbijbhnb cfijf `jr{rshr tb

}fhb m`jmrsnf mchbnjbsg cg}ighgh {r

bi{gijglghb bh af{{f{ `jmrvr mbtsb..*,(((.((?w#

jbsmgs( [r bi{gijglg kgkbijbsgh mìrjshb.

,.......#$. ((((((((((((((((((##,##,#,ghb* cfijfjfhh irkri tb ifjg}b{gz 56.

shf{nf hbmbh `jrs( Cr mchbnmb iì

c46lb{ghg s{jf}fkfi ifmfs dfzjf {r tb.

xxxxxxxx&xgjnbjgmgs( [}bfi aftfjfsmf tb irnjr

}ùsfijfsmf 2.65* {bsg h aftfjfsmf tb

fljs crhwbjg fsfzgjbsmb 65.62 lrh fsfgjb {rjfnf wfugas (

Kjij&~ gjb Kgxbijbhnb Fsf{nmfig Mbtsbmb

Dfzjf [rtf Mgiif}

Df{rjwb }fhssrhmfh ifjg}bjg tb wri{bi tb.

sgn fjfcgjnbi gkgh `} i`h}s`jr* {rjfnf* c`vfz

m`jmrsnf tb zgsfg shrkfmbjb lgcg cfissh g{jbsg.

hgh rwlrh zfnfh* nb}`} tb fsfkjfsjf wfugjnf.

[j lbsbigs( Kfufjfnf* wfcfhkg `}jfsjf {ftf{*

c`vfz m`jmrsnf* ifwnfi issshf * }ùsfvn af.tfjfhshf{g tb cfi}bsgjbsgh kfa{shf{ghf rwlrh

`s}fn {fvjfnfi fshfkgwjf wfu sas( Bsibh vbjg{.

nb m4hbnghmb aszjf crwrwbh `}jfhh df{rjwb.

jbsg l46lbjbwbsbi c`vshf{ssr bhlbjjbnbi fnf.

kswjf gji kfufjfshf cg}igjbs 65.62 kn `jrhkf

wfusjnfakss( Df{rjwbhgh wrzjbi vbjg{bh iìjb.

sghb zfsfs tbsnbnbi fnfkgwjfgji kfufjfshf. b(((*((.(xPP*9* P ((((((((x*Px

=4



WB NB IJgI ] FHB CFIJFL gJ

srh mbsgh wfusjshfshf{g lbsbigs( gji kfufjfshfw.

jf cgsjgi}b c`vfz m`jmrsnf g{jbshg mb wfusas( gji

kfufmfh {`hsf kgkbijbhshb m`hbshghb ifmfs

cgs kfuf mfaf wfusjnfgsmss( Cbijbhbh }fwmfw?

{fvjfnfi gkgh kfufjfshf {rjfnfmfh {`hsf

}ùsfi }ftf lbjghkb wfusjnfamss( Ifhi fkshf

x PP (((((9?>(((99((((((.?(( PP ((( {ssf{ghmf cg}igjbsgh }ùsfijf ifufhshfnf{ghf

xxxxxx&[&xxj mgiif} b}nbjg tb ifhi fkshf urjjrvrhrh ib{bi

ksifsshfwfkfi mbsghjgi}b `jshf{nf mgiif} b}.

gxjjjjjjxbjgwgz( Wb}g{nb m`hbshg gknmb fwhkf irsr df.

x {rjwbhgh ufzfs mbvbsghg kr{rs{h tb rsrh ifw.cghf hbmbh `jfh af{}fjgi tb zfsfsjgjfsf ifs{?

shrkfmbjb bmgjnbjgmgs(

;(6=( Irsr Df{rjwb Af{}faijfh

Af{}fjgi* Cg}ig tbwf `hrh rsrshjhb zfsfs

tbsbh tbwf bi`h`ngi mbvbsghg fzfj}fh dgzw`j`.

ogi c`zrijri wfmf fh`snfjjgijbsmgs( Df{rjwbWb}j{}gsjkjjgvjhmb b}igjg `jfh af{}fjgijfh b}nbh.

jbsghb l`sb ; lsru}f }ùjfwfcgjgsgz( Crhjfs ?

6. Tgsfj !Tgsr{' Af{}fjgijfs*

3. Drhlfj !Nfh}fsg' Af{}fjgijfs(

;. Cfi}bsgwbj Af{}faijfs

Ab{}b}}igbsmbh ibknb© gkgh }bngz tb{bs}gdgifjj }àrn irjgbsrgnbjrg}s(

;(6=(6( Tgsfj !Tgsr{' Af{}fjjijfs

Fmg N`zfgi Tgsr{r !Cknt'

Cbjgs}gjbsg? Af{}fjgvf wfifjfhfh cg}igjbsmb wfusfijfsmf sbhi fksi {fh.

mfh wb{gjb n`zfgi l`srhrnjr `jru* {bigj{gz h`snfjmbh mfs tb rzrhmrs(

=<



xGD]xG BLG]GN [BSG[G ¼=3¼

6

Af{}fjsia cg}ighgh {fu}f c`vrsh fsfjfh mfaf mfs tb mfjjfhnf dfzjf `jru

lbhbjmb cg}ig c`mrs ifjjs(

]f-}hnf?]àrnjf crjf{gs* wfusfi cg}jbsg tb nbifhgi `jfsfi }f{ssrs(

I`h}s`j? ]bngz }àrnjri* fdg} i`h}s`jr* Mfwfsria kb{g} irjjfhnf

[fh N`zfgi Tgsr{r !Cwnt'

Cbjgs}gjbsg? Wfusfijfs rzbsjhmb fkgi {f¼ ((((k?((P(((

hmfh wb{gjb ifmfs sbhi fksjshf{g `jrs( Wfu. #x###,GHGGG

sfi fwf{g mfsfas tb }rsh wfusfijfs s`zb}{bijghg fas( Kgkbi {fjisnjfhhf zfsfs tbsb.

sbi vbjg{shb tb cfijf cfvjfnfwg `hjbs( Bs.

ibh cjrn lcsrjrs(

]b{rgnb{}? Af{}fjgi }àrnjf }f{nshfz( ]fsjfmfig i`hrikr cg}igjbs.

mbh fdg} * mglbs cckbijbs tb nbifhgi `jfsfi cg}igjbsb }f{ssrs(

I`h}s`j? Af{}fjgi ;5.=2 M K {gkfiai}f

w`lrh `jfsfi lcsrjmrlr jkgh bign zfnf.

hssr gwg cbjgsjbhnb{g lbsbigs(

Af{}fjgi lcsrjbh }fsjfjfsmf 3.; WGG df.

{rjwb bigjnbnbjgmgs( ]bngz tb {bs}gdgifa

}àrn irjjfsrjnfamss( Wfusfi Cg}jbsg gjb

nrkfmbjb bmgjnbjgmgs(

=1




;(6=(3( Drhlfj Af{}fjgijfs !Tbjjgj Fi{fn Tb Cfijfmf'

Uf{ !Rs`nwkb{ uaf{b`jg'

Cb}gs}ggbs? Cf{jfhvgk}f fkgi {fh sbhijg ir.

kri ur{}rjjbs cbjgsgs( Mfaf {`nf jbibjbsgh b}.

sfdnmf {fh sbhijg afjifjfs `jr{rs( _fnfhjf

jbibjbsgh sbhlg i`wrjf{gs tb {gwfasn{g ifatb

sbhlghb m`hbs* mfaf {`nf wfusfijfsmf irsr.

nf tb mìrjnbjbs `jrs( Cfijfmf mf jbibjbsb

tb cgkgsh{gz {bigjjbhnbjbsb hbmbh `jrs( Wfu.

sfijfsmfig jbib tb irsrnfjfs }sfh{usf{w`h tb

`zrnjbnbwg bhlbjjbwbsbi cg}igjbsgh zfws} ifj. PP .(O.9??..P((...(s(.... (((((((

nf{nf hbmbh `jrs (

Njjkfmbjb? Ignwf{fj Nrkfmbjb? Df{rjwb

4.1 wfusfijj m`hbshmb gji gjfkjfshfwf Irirs}

15 \U* Nfhbc* Nfhk`zbc* _ghbc 45.15*

Usùghbc.<5* Mg}afhb.N.33 b}igjg shfmmbjg

gjfkjfsmfh cgsgwjb 65 lrh fsfwjf bh fz ; gjfk.

jfnf wfugas(

Fh}sfih`z !K( jghmbnr}agfhrn'

Wfusfi {fus * fj} wrzbwg tb wfusfi mfnfsjfhhmf mr.

zbh{gz }rljf issssrz? jbibjbs* Cfijfjfsmf g{b issssrz}sh{g

mfgsbtg jbibjbs `jr{rs* }fzb cfijfjfs crzrjrs tb mìrjrs(

Drhlr{ cfijfmfh }fhbwb vbkbs* ]àrnjfs ifatbsbhlg

`jrs( Irsfi wbsjbsmb wb}g{}gsgjbh cg}igjbsmbh af{}favsh l`.

srjmrlr }fsjfmfh }àrn fahnfshfamss ( Nrhftb. ‣‣ GG&G&G&xx(cb !3.; WGG' Kgkbijbhnb cf{g* kgkbijbhshb {`hr tb

cfijf cfljfnf m`hbng {`hr wfug jfkfi wb¬gG fi.

{fn gjfkjfnfjfh wb}bsjgmgs( !" 25 Cfiss ì{g}* Nf.

hbc* Nfhk`zbc* _ghbc* Usùghbc* Kfsbhmfzgn'

=7



]ùsfq tb Cg}ig fs}gijfhhmf wf{fs* [r.

jfnf {rwr(tb s@zlfsjf wfwsas( M@?99@i}ùsfi

{jkfijj«oG bh}bi{gw`hr fs}}gh s( Awu`k`}awj gjb

ici {fu tb }ùsfvf mblbh cfijfjfsmf kìri

ifatbsbhlg jbibjbs lcs@G@s( jjb}gsh {g{}bng

zfsfs lcsm@l@ gkjh cg}ig lbjg?99gng mrsrs( ]ù.

sfi {jkfijjlj w@i{bjmgi}bh {`nf w@zjbi

bjgn* Cbn`nwj* Tg}ftfq gjb }àrn gjfkjfshf.

16 wfusjnfamss(

Dr{fsgrn {`jfhg d( {u( Uaf{b`jg

Cbjgs}gjbsg? Aftfjfhnfsrh gwg `jshfmsv(

hbnjg wbsjbsmb {fkfi tb ici {g{}bnghmbh i`.

hrikr cg}igwb lgsbsbi gjb}gn mbnb}jbsghgh }gifh.G (

nf{nf hbmbh `jrs( Awu`k`}awj tb fhf {fukbtsb{ghmb rzrh mfs jbibjbs `jr{rs( Gji `jfsfi

x..x.>xxxx..xwf{a wfusfijfsmf {fsfsnf {`jnf tb irsrnf

{bijghmb `jrs( A f{}f jgi gjbs}bmgikb {fush g:9?gc`.

{fjss tb fj} }fsfd krsrs( Cg}ig vbjg{nb{g mrsrs (

Msbhfo} gwg Gxbsgnjg }ùsfijfsmf w@zjbi kfufjf.

nf tb c`vfz m`jmrsfsfi* bign {siavssr fzfj.

}fsfi tb n@hftbcb gjb @sb}gn( Lbsbi}gvnmb}àrnrh {g{}bngi drhlr{g}jbsjb }jf kjf hsh fjsm ss (

x!6=(;(Cfi}bsgwbj Af{}fjgijfs

Fmg Wfusfi Wfnialj !Qfh}a`n`hf{ kfnub{}sg{ ut( uaf{b jg'

Af{}fgji* gji ibz df{rjwbhgh i`}gjbm`h wfusfijfhhmf lcs@jrs* mfaf

{`nf mglbs wfusfijfsf crjf{gs( Af{}fjgi cfijf cfvjfshf zfshfsrhmf bh.

K G D ] K G B L G ] GN {{hs{? ( = 3 ¼

Drhlfj Af{}fjgijfs !Iì Tb [ f u}f'

Aajz`k}`h}f {`jfhg

25



WBNBIJgI ]FHB CFIJFL GJ

dbi{gw`h wfufs g{b cfijfjfs rzbsghmb wfl.

GG l`srhrnjr gkb kìri jbibjbs `jr{rs( Cr

jbibjbsgh `s}f is{ssrhmf {fh sbhijg {gzn}s.jfs v`hjjbcgjgs( Crhjfs irsrwfsfi lbsgmb

cfi}bsg }fcfif{} c?sfig sjfs( Bhdbi{gw`h.

mfh {`hsf cfi}bsg qwjbn mbshb}jbsghb lb.

kbsbi gjb}gn c`srjfhhf wbsjb{gs( Qwjbn

c`sr{rhr }gifwfsfi cg}igmb {`jlrhjri

nbwmfhf lb}gsgs( Af{}fjgi bhdbi{gw`h {gm.

mb}ghb l`sb " ;5.45 `sfsrhmf rsrh ifw.cnf hbmbh `jrs( Af{}fgji }àrnjf crjf.

{ss( 62 WGG }àrnmf kfha ifjss( Mfwfsrijg

tbwf }`jbsfh} kb{g}* }bngz }àrn* rwlrh

nrhftbcb( Mbsgh {rsrsh wfu}jshfjsmss(

Cfi}bsgwbj Tfl Jbib{g !U{brm`n`.

hf{ {wsghlfb ut( Uaf{b`jgk`jf'

Cg}ig m`hbshghmb wfusfijfsmf irlri

i`{bjg {`jlrh wb{jjgn{j jbibjbs {bijghmb

ibhmghg v`{}bsgs( Cr jbibjbs zfnfhjf

ifatbsbhlgjbibjbs afjghb m`hr{rs tb b}.

sfd {fh mfgsbtg jbibjbs kbtsgjgs( Af{}fgji

cfijfjfsf lblngx g{b cfijfjfsmf wfl

mfshjf}sjssr{ lgcg {glgjgn{g lsg.cbwfz jbib.

jbs `jr{rs( [bsgh tb wfljx66 gijgn af{}fa.

l n wfwsjnf{g tb {gmmb}jg cgs {fjvn jkgh

kì rwlrhmrs( ]bngz }àrn* mbsgh {r.

srn wfusjnfjs* crjf{si fjfhjfsmf = WGG {r.x ( g G g P x xbwjb df{rjwb binb* Mfwfhsia tbwf }`jb.

sfh} kb{g}jbsb fg} }àrn irjjfh* }àrn tbwf wb{gj fi{fn gjfkg irjjfsrjshf.

jsmss( !Cfigs [rjdf}* Cfiss Agmsì{g}'

26



Wfusfi Cg}jbsg !Fuag{ dfcfb'

Df{rjwb fdg}jbsg* 6(2.;(5 nn c`wrhmf

{gwfa sbhi}b `jrsjfs( Cg}igjbsmb }fzb {rs.l@h tb wfusfijfsmf* wfusfi fj}jfhhmf

}`ujr afjmb crjrhrsjfs( Lbhbjjgijb mg{gjbsg.

hb sf{}jfsrs tb ufs}bh`lbhb}gi `jfsfi k`.

lfjjsjfs( 4.62 l@h fsf{g wf{fsjfs( Cgs wsjmf

k`i {fw Gmf m`j tbsgsjbs( Cg}ig `z {rwrhr

bnbsbi cb{jbhgsjbs( Wfusfijfsmf xbigj c`zrijrijfh `jr{rs( Wfusfijfs ijt.

hjsn{ crzr{nr{ cgs {bigjmb l`srh@s( Ksifsmgijfh }f}a nfmmbjbs wfusfljifujfs tb @zbsg ifsfhs( @zrnjbshb ifuf{g}b{g fzfjgs( Cg}igjbs zfwgdjfs( Cr.

wrnb mrsrs( Bh crw@i zfsfsjfh g{b tgsr{ }f{swskg{? `jnfjfhmgs ( Fj}n l`z.

65*Rlrs c`kbvg* Kjbbi {ghbijbsg wfusfi cg}jbsg gjb cb{jbhgs(

N}6kfmb/b{g ? Wfusfi cg}ghgh ufsf.

zg}`gmg wfusfi cg}ghgh gwbsg{ghmb wf{fs

tb cb{jbhgs( Crhrh {`hrkrhmf cg}*

ifatbsbhlg ufsjfi mbsg sbhlghg fjgs( Cgswfusfi}f i@wri wfusfijg cg}igjbsmb

65 fmb}* crwri wfusfijg cg}igjbsmb

35 fmb} l`s@jm@lrhmb n@kfmbjb{ghb

cf{jfsrs( Cg}igmbig w`lrhjrlr dfzjf g{b

gjfkjfnf 62 l@h {`hsf }bisfsjfsrs(

_fsfsa bi`h`ngi n@kfmbjb bxglghb lbjmglghmb?

KGD]76BLG]GN[BSj{j . =3.

Cs`nua`{ ;45l/6 BK

Mgfzgh`h 612l/6 BK

Bhm`{@jdfh ;3(7" \U

Nfjf}ag`h 255 lgj

6 25 kk/m f

3 55 kk/m f

3 55 l s/m f

6 25 kk/m f

b}igjg nfmmbjg ignwf{fj gjfkjfsmfh cgsgwjb cb.

jgs}gjbh m`zjfsmf gjfkjfnf wfugas(

23



Isssnz? @s@xKbi !]b}sfhwkr{ rs}gkfb('

Bslghjbsg 5(2. 5(< nn c`wrhmf* i}sssr.

_G sbhi}b `jru l`zjb z`s l`s@G@s( Hgndjbsg5(3.5(; nn c`wrhmf {b}}f} cbwfzmfh {f.

hn{g ihssrzswf ifmfs mblg¬gi sbhi}bmgs( Bs.

lgh tb hgndjbsg tb wrnrs}fjfh wfusfvn fj}

w@zbwghmb `smrijbsg fljfs fsf{nmf crjr.

hrsjfs( Is{jfh bslgh `jfsfi mgwfu`z d`snrh.

mf vbkgsmgi}bh {`hsf cfafsmf mgwfu`zmfh K9jijucb{jbhmgi}bh {`hsf wrnrs}.

jfnfwf cf{jfsjfs* Wrshrs}fjfhsr wfusfijfhh fj} w@zbwjbsghb cssfissjfs* Wr.nrs}fmfh ksifh jfstf 4 cfkfiamss* 3 l`njbi mblg¬}gsmgi}bh {`nf 1 cfkfia

bslgh `jrs( Wsjmf 1,b ifmfs m`j tbsb.

cgjgs( Bslgh tb hgndjbsg wfusfijfhh

fj} w@zbwjbsghmb {ìrbr.bngbg fljz

wfugjfh gjb cg}ig `z {rwrhr bnbsbi

cb{jbhgsjbs( [fjv}jfmsijfss }ì{gi

nfmmb gjb ij`s`dgjg ufskfjfs tb`zrshjbshb dffjgwb}ghg fi{f}ss* Wfu.

sfijfs {fsfhs* fljfsjf ifujfsrs (

N}Okfmb/b{ g ? M`lfj Mr{shfhjfh* wfsfsjj isssnz? `srshkbijbs* wfsfsa

}sgu{jbs* kgkbi {ghbijbsg* rlrs c4kbijbsg* fj}sh l`zj@* i}ssh}zg `s@nbblgh bs.

lgh* hgnd tb wrshrs}f{g gjb cb{jbhgs(

TBN BIJ gI ]FHB CFIJFL GJ

Cgw`jògi n@bfmbjb gkgh Uaw}`.{bgrjr{.`bs{jnjjj{ 6 ftbj/ 2 issssrz}

òrshkbi `sfsrhmf {fjgsn wfusas(

I@K9@i wfusfijg cg}igjbsmb

;fmb}/wfusfi* c@w@i wfusfijj cg}.

igjbsmb g{b 2 fmb} /wfusfi kfha

issssrz? `s@nbbi {fwgjnkf

2;



K GD]K G BL G] GN [BS G[ G ¼= 3 ¼

Fz`kwkj`}gh 32 " \U

Cs`nùa`{ ;45 lgj BK

Mgkj`st`{ 225 lgj BK

Nfjf}ag`h 255 lgj BK

Usùfslg}b ;5 " \U

655 l /mf*

655kk/mf*

3 55 kk/mf *

655kk/mf*

655 l/mf*

]sgfzùa`z =35 lgj BK 32 kk/mf b}igjg nfmmbjg ignwf{fj gjfkjfsmfh

cgsgwjb tb cbjgs}gjbh m`zmf gjfkjfnf wfugas(

Df{rjwb ]àrn C`kblg !Fkfh}a`kbjgmb{ `c}bk}r{'

C`kbi rsrhjb cgsjgi}b }fsjfmfh fncfsf }f{ssrs

tb fncfsmf mf rsbshb{ghb mbtfn bmbs( Bslghjbsg

df{rjwbhgh m`jjbhnb{ghg gzjbwbh {rsbmb fncfsmfh

rkfsfi }fsjfwf lbjgs( Kgkbi hbi}fsjfh gjb cb{jbhgs

tb df{rjwb }fhb{ghgh ifcrvrhr ibngsbsbi cgs mbjgi

flfs tb crsfwf wrnrs}f{gsr cssfiss( Jfstf wrnr.

{fi }fhbwg mbjbsbi `sfmf cb{jbhgs( ]fhb gjb fncf.sf lgmbs tb fncfsmf m`j tbsnbwb mbtfn bmbs( Cgs

wsjmf ;.2 m`j tbsgs( Cr m`jjbsgh 6.3 {g }fsjfmf mglb.

sg fncfsmf `jrs( Cfijfjfhh gkjhmbig }fhbjbsg mbjb.

sbi }fhbjbsgh abn wbnbijgi ifjg}b{ghg abn mb }`.

arnjri mblbsjbsghg fzfj}g sjfs(

N}Okfmb/b? Crjf{gi `jmrlr cgjghbh }fsjfjfs.

mf df{rjwb cg}igjbsghmb fj} cfijfjfs irsr `jrnf

lgsbsibh*

Dbh}ag`h 25 BK

Mbj}fnb}asgh 32 BK

355kk/655j } {r

=5kk/mf

Kwubsnb}asgh 355 BK 25kk/mf b}igjg nfmmbjggjfkjfsmfh cgss tb cb.

jgs}gjbh m`zmf 65.6= lrh fsfwjf 3x; gjfk wfugas(




I`srwrkr gjfkjfshf `jfsfi*

fncfsmf m`j tbsnbwb mbtfn

bmbh cr }rsmb zfsfh `hjbshbi

fnfkgwjf af{f} bmgjshg{ rsrh fn.

cfsf i`hrjrsibh Nb}awj cs`ng.

mb* Agmsòbh }`{drs !Fjgnghgrn

uaùgmb'* B}igjg nfmmbjg D@ng.

lfh}jfsjf kfmgs fj}shmf ;.2 l@h

{@sbwjb dJgnglf{w`h wfusjgs(

Af{f} Tb Afsnfh? Irsr

df{rjwbmb af{f} cg}igjbs }fn 56.

lrh gibh* dfif} iruirsr 56.

nfmjVG mbtsbmb* {fcfash bsibh

{ff}jbsghmb wfusjshfamss( Af{f}

m`hbnjhb vbjng{ `jfh cg}igmb

cfijf gkghmbig }fhb gwg lbjgxngx

tb cfijf inas injshfz ms{fh

kgifkfi mrsrshmfmss* Cg}igjbs bjjb

w`jrhfsfi tbwf `sfijf cgkgjbsbi

af{f} bmgjgs tb rdfi WGVjhjfs

afjghmb }fsjfmf ;.2 l@h

cgsfisjfsfi irsr}rjrs( Irsrwfh

cg}igjbs bsibh {ff}jbsghmb }ù.jfhfsfi WGVjh wfusjgs( Cgsifk {ff}

{`hsf cr Wjljhjfhh @zbsghmbh

jf{}gi }bibsjbijg }sfi}`s lblgsbsbi

tbwf cf}`z gjb rwlrh irwsri ngjg

mbtsg !2=5 mgm' irjjfhfsfi afs.

nfh wfugas(x,Pxxxxxxxj(xP,x PP x

22



Rsgghrs? Mbu`gbhnb{s( Afsnfhmfh {`hsf gwg cgs {bjbi}`sjb ighi*

c`zri tb mbjgi }fhbjbsghmbh }bngzjbhbh rsrh* mbu`jfhnfmfh `hkb ifufa

cgs `s}fnmf }`arn c`kbijbsg gjb

n@kfmbjb fshfkswjf ifufjg cgs `s.

}fnmf Vfmgs fj}nmf =1.74 {ff}

{@sbwjb d@nglb bmgjgs( @ s r h r h

mbu`jfnf {rsb{ghkb dfzjf hbnjg

aftf gjb }bnf{gsr `hjbshbi

fnfk}wjf {gi m`irhshr{ krtfjjfsf

m`jmrsrjnf{} lbsbigs(

6D]76 BL G] GN [BS j{j . =3.

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