yellow journalism when objectivity took a seat.. yellow journalism...
TRANSCRIPT
Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism
• ______________________________________________________________________.
• __________________________________• Distorted stories• Misleading images for the sole purpose of
______________________________________________________________________
Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism
• Industrial Revolution began at this time• Machines made it easy to print thousands of
papers in a single night
• Endless drive for circulation• Often the publisher’s greed was placed before
ethics2
The Age of Pulitzer and HearstThe Age of Pulitzer and Hearst
• Time period of Yellow Journalism was said to be from __________________, although it lasted clear into the __________.
• The term was first coined based on a series of ______________________________________________________________________
Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer
• Came to the US from ________________________ at the age of _________
• Joined the Union Army and fought in the Civil War1
Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer
• __________-he bought the __________________________ and combined it with the Westliche Post, a paper that he part-owned1
• He used the Dispatch to launch crusades against government corruption, lotteries, gambling and tax fraud7
Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer
• ___________-he buys the New York World for __________________• The paper had been losing $40,000 a year7
Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer
• A year later, sales boomed to 100,000
• In celebration, he had 100 guns fired off in the City Hall park and gave each employee a tall silk hat1
Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer
• The World was known for its editorial page -- income tax, shorter working hours and restrictions on monopolies
• It became the country’s leading champion of ___________________
• Overtones of sensationalism -- Subjectivity -- woven around a substantial core of real news1
Nellie BlyNellie Bly
• Her actual name was _______________, but changed it because women found it hard to be taken seriously in the journalism world, and so did not get high-paying jobs
• Joined the New York World in ______
Nellie BlyNellie Bly
• Wrote investigative articles over poverty, housing and labor conditions in New York
• Feigned being insane and sent to Blackwell’s Island, the New York insane asylum• Wrote a book titled ____________________
(1888) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAWbly.htm
Nellie BlyNellie Bly
• After reading the Jules Verne novel Around the World in 80 Days, Pulitzer thought it would be a good day to see if the book was right.
• Sent Bly to break the 80 day record and held a contest with readers of the New York World to guess when she would return
Nellie BlyNellie Bly
• Over ______________ people entered the contest
• She arrived to a large crowd with a time of
• ______________________________________________________________
William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst
• Attended Harvard• Business manager of a humor magazine, the
______________.• He gave parties causing difficulties with school
authorities• He finally left Harvard by request1
William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst
• Father accepts the ____________________ as payment for a gambling debt and gives it to William in 18876
• Hearst brings writers such as Ambrose Bierce, Stephen Crane, _______________, Richard Harding Davis and ______________ with him
• They bring crusades, scoops, and sensational stories to San Francisco1
Pulitzer vs. HearstPulitzer vs. Hearst
• Hearst came to New York and bought the ______________________ in 1895 for ________________ from ____________________
• Pulitzer didn’t even know it had been for sale
Pulitzer vs. HearstPulitzer vs. Hearst
• Hearst wanted to have a bigger circulation than the World, which was _____________ at the time
• He bought Pulitzer’s writers away for high salaries, as well as his cartoonist _________________, artist of the famous ____________________
• Within 12 months the Journal had overtaken the World1
Pulitzer vs. HearstPulitzer vs. Hearst
• To be fair, Pulitzer had originally stolen many of his staff members from other papers when he came to New York5
• Pulitzer hired more writers as well as another cartoonist, ______________, to continue “The Yellow Kid” is his newspaper• So both the Journal and the World carried the
same strip, with different cartoonists
The Yellow KidThe Yellow Kid
• The term Yellow Journalism is derived from this cartoon
• The strip used a special, non-smear yellow ink
• The kid’s jacket was always yellow
The Yellow KidThe Yellow Kid
• 1st merchandising phenomenon of the comics• _______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
• Often used to sensationalize stories and discredit the stories of other papers
• Also used to _________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War
• ________________________- niece of the president of the insurrectionist Cuban government
• She is imprisoned in Havana• Hearst begins crusade to get her freed• Evangelina is then rescued from prison by
______________________________________• __________________________________________
__________________________________________
Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War
• News was slow• Hearst illustrator Frederic Remington in
Havana requested to come home, stating that nothing was happening
• Hearst supposedly sent a telegraph stating:• ______________________________________
______________________________________
USS MaineUSS Maine
• Battleship explodes and sinks off the coast of Havana
• Many papers counseled patience and peace
• The Journal and the World concurrently published a “suppressed cable” that said the ______________________________________________________________________
Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War
• Hearst demonstrated his love for glory over objectivity by leading a force of writers, photographers and artists to the scene of action in Cuban waters with a small fleet of steamships
• ______________________________________________________________________
Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War
• Journal circulation reached ___________ during the war, and the World was right behind them1
Journal vs. WorldJournal vs. World
• Hearst tricked Pulitzer when he ran a story in 1898 describing the death of ___________________________________
Journal vs. WorldJournal vs. World
• The next day the World carried the story, adding specific dateline information to make the story more authentic.5
Journal vs. WorldJournal vs. World
• The Journal celebrated for a month as the World maintained a “pained silence” on the blunder5
RegretsRegrets
• Pulitzer regretted the actions he had taken
• When gold began to lead to an outbreak in hostilities between Venezuela and British Guiana, Pulitzer jumped in• Pulitzer had his writers write ______________
______________________ and President Cleveland’s denouncing British policy5
RegretsRegrets
• In one editorial:• “Is the integrity of Venezuela’s ‘essential to the
integrity of our free institutions?’ . . . There is no menace to the boundary line. It is not our frontier. It is none of our business.”
• The words had come directly from the president5
• Feelings toward this calmed, and later resolved by the British
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The general public frowned upon subjective practices after a while. By 1910, circulation had dropped off very
rapidly for such papers
Newsmen and women at competing papers were amused when Hearst issued
a bulletin in 1933 that established editorial guidelines for his newsrooms
across the country6
The general public frowned upon subjective practices after a while. By 1910, circulation had dropped off very
rapidly for such papers
Newsmen and women at competing papers were amused when Hearst issued
a bulletin in 1933 that established editorial guidelines for his newsrooms
across the country6
Pulitzer-AfterPulitzer-After
• Died in ____________• Donated in will ___________________________
________________________________________
• Left funds to establish annual prizes for ________________________________________________________________________________• 1922- _____________ were added to the prizes
• Known as the ______________________
Hearst-AfterHearst-After
• US Representative from 1903-07
• 1920s-built a castle on a ______________ acre ranch at _______________________.
• At his peak he owned _________________ _________________________, along with several radio stations and movie companies6
Citizen CaneCitizen Cane
• By Orson Welles• Said to be based on Hearst’s life
• Hearst tries to shut down the film, burning negatives and having people intimidate exhibitors into refusing to show the film
It can not happen againIt can not happen again
• People are smarter
• People keep an eye on the media
• ______________________________________