year in review 2012: gu
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YEAR IN REVIEW 2012: GU
David I Quinn, MBBS, PhDMedical Director, Norris Cancer Hospital and ClinicsLeader, Developmental TherapeuticsHead, GU Cancer SectionDivision of Cancer Medicine and Blood DiseasesUSC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
Cabozantinib has resulted in bone scan and symptom improvements in prostate cancer but no other solid tumor.
Which agent are you most likely to recommend for a patient with asymptomatic metastatic prostate cancer progressing on androgen deprivation?
To what extent does radium-223 chloride cause myelosuppression?
Updated Analysis of the Phase III, Double-Blind, Randomized, Multinational Study of Radium‑223 Chloride in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) Patients with Bone Metastases (ALSYMPCA)Proc ASCO 2012;Abstract LBA 4512C. Parker, S. Nilsson, D. Heinrich, J.M. O’Sullivan, S. Fosså, A. Chodacki, P. Wiechno, J. Logue, M. Seke, A. Widmark, D.C. Johannessen, P. Hoskin, D. Bottomley, R. Coleman, N. Vogelzang, C.G. O’Bryan-Tear, J. Garcia-Vargas, M. Shan, and O. Sartor
Radium-223 Targets Bone Metastases
• Alpha-particles induce double-strand DNA breaks in adjacent tumor cells1
• Short penetration of alpha emitters (2-10 cell diameters) = highly localized tumor cell killing and minimal damage to surrounding normal tissue
1. Perez et al. Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:103.
ALSYMPCA (ALpharadin in SYMptomatic Prostate CAncer) Phase III Study Design
TREATMENT
6 injections at 4-week intervals
Radium-223 (50 kBq/kg) + Best standard of care
Placebo (saline) + Best standard of care
N = 921
PATIENTS
• Confirmed symptomatic CRPC
• ≥ 2 bone metastases
• No known visceral metastases
• Post-docetaxel or unfit for docetaxel
Planned follow-up is 3 years
• Total ALP: < 220 U/L vs ≥ 220 U/L• Bisphosphonate use: Yes vs No• Prior docetaxel: Yes vs No
STRATIFICATION
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00699751.
RANDOMIZED
2:1
ALSYMPCA Updated Analysis: Overall Survival
Radium-223, n = 614Median OS: 14.9 months
Placebo, n = 307Median OS: 11.3 months
HR = 0.69595% CI, 0.581, 0.832P = 0.00007
Month 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 390
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
%
With permission from Parker C et al. Proc ASCO 2012;Abstract LBA4512.
ESMO 2012 – Prostate
• ALSYMPCA: Radium-223 Chloride in mCRPCParker C et al. Proc ESMO 2012;Abstract 898PD.– Updated analysis substantiates Ra-223 as an
effective therapy that significantly improves OS and time to first SRE, with a highly favorable safety profile
– Ra-223 showed significantly better preservation of QOL, with improved functioning and well-being, compared to Pbo in pts with bone metastasis
Increased Survival with Enzalutamide in Prostate Cancer After ChemotherapyScher HI et al.N Engl J Med 2012;367(13):1187-97.
AFFIRM: Interim Analysis of Enzalutamide versus Placebo in Patients with CRPC
Scher HI et al. N Engl J Med 2012;367(13):1187-97.
Enzalutamide(n = 800)
Placebo(n = 399)
Hazard ratio p-value
Overall survival 18.4 mo 13.6 mo 0.63 < 0.001Progression-free survival* 8.3 mo 2.9 mo 0.40 < 0.001Time to PSA progression 8.3 mo 3.0 mo 0.25 < 0.001PSA response rate 54% 2% —
< 0.001
*According to radiographic evidence
AFFIRM: Frequent Adverse Events More Common with Enzalutamide
Scher HI et al. N Engl J Med 2012;367(13):1187-97.
Adverse event
Enzalutamide(n = 800)
Placebo(n = 399)
Any grade Grade ≥3
Any grade Grade ≥3
Fatigue 34% 6% 29% 7%
Diarrhea 21% 1% 18% < 1%
Hot flash 20% 0% 10% 0%
Musculoskeletal pain 14% 1% 10% < 1%Headache 12% < 1% 6% 0%
Seizures were reported in 5 patients (0.6%) receiving enzalutamide.
Interim Analysis (IA) Results of COU-AA-302, a Randomized, Phase 3 Study of Abiraterone Acetate (AA) in Chemotherapy-Naïve Patients (pts) with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC)Proc ASCO 2012;Abstract LBA 4518Charles J. Ryan, Matthew Raymond Smith, Johann Sebastian De Bono, Arturo Molina, Christopher Logothetis, Paul L. De Souza, Karim Fizazi, Paul N. Mainwaring, Jose Maria Piulats Rodriguez, Siobhan Ng, Joan Carles, Peter Mulders, Thian San Kheoh, Thomas W. Griffin, Eric Jay Small, Howard I. Scher, Dana E. Rathkopf, on behalf of the COU-AA-302 Investigators
Overall Study Design of COU-AA-302
• Phase 3 multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted at 151 sites in 12 countries; USA, Europe, Australia, Canada
• Stratification by ECOG performance status 0 vs 1
AA 1000 mg dailyPrednisone 5 mg BID
(Actual n = 546)
Co-Primary:• rPFS by central review• OSSecondary:• Time to opiate use
(cancer-related pain)• Time to initiation of
chemotherapy• Time to ECOG-PS
deterioration• TTPP
Efficacy end points
Placebo dailyPrednisone 5 mg BID
(Actual n = 542)
RANDOMIZED
1:1
• Progressive chemo-naïve mCRPC patients(Planned N = 1,088)
• Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic
Patients
Ryan CJ et al. Proc ASCO 2012;Abstract LBA4518.
Statistically Significant Improvement in rPFS not OS
NR, not reached; PL, placebo; rPFS, radiographic PFS.Data cutoff 12/20/2010.
100
80
60
40
20
00
Prog
ress
ion-
Free
(%)
3 6 9 15 1812
546542
489400
340204
16490
123
00
AAPL
4630
Time to Progression or Death (Months)
AA + PPL + P
AA + P (median, mos): NRPL + P (median, mos): 8.3
HR (95% CI): 0.43 (0.35-0.52)P value: < 0.0001
AA + P (median, mos): NRPL + P (median, mos): 27.2
HR (95% CI): 0.75 (0.61-0.93)P value: 0.0097
546542
538534
482465
452437
2725
00
524509
503493
02
120106
258237
412387
100
80
60
40
20
00
Surv
ival
(%)
3 12 15 27Time to Death (Months)
33
AA + PPL + P
6 9 30242118
AA PL
Pre-specified significance level by O’Brien-Fleming Boundary = 0.0008.
Data cutoff 12/20/2011.
With permission from Ryan CJ et al. Proc ASCO 2012;Abstract LBA4518.
Phase III (SYNERGY) GU 68/OGX-011-11: Comparison of Standard First-Line Docetaxel/Prednisone to Docetaxel/Prednisone in Combination with Custirsen (OGX-011) in mCRPC
Eligibility: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing while on or after androgen ablation
Custirsen:•Clusterin is an antiapoptotic protein that is upregulated in response to various cell-death triggers such as chemotherapy
•Custirsen is an oligonucleotide antisense to the mRNA for clusterin
First-Line Use of Cabazitaxel in Chemotherapy-Naïve Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC): A Three-Arm Study in Comparison with DocetaxelProc ASCO 2012;Abstract TPS4696 Stephane Oudard, Lisa Sengelov, Paul N. Mainwaring, Antoine Thiery-Vuillemin, Christine Theodore, Evgeny Kulikov, Jeffrey Yachnin, Ivo Kocak, Vesa V. Kataja, Marjaana Luukkaa, Aleander Nosov, Marie Hjelm-Eriksson, Jeffrey Bubis, Liji Shen, Marie-Laure Risse, A. Oliver Sartor
Phase III FIRSTANA Study (NCT01308567)
Primary:• OSSecondary:• PCWG2 PFS• rPFS by central review• Tumor response
(RECIST)• PSA response• PSA PFS• Pain response• Pain PFS• TTP SRE• QOL
Efficacy end points
• Progressive chemo-naïve mCRPC patients(Planned N = 1,170)
• Stratified by:• ECOG (0, 1 vs 2)• Measurable Dz• Region
Patients
CBZ = cabazitaxel; DOC = docetaxel
RANDOMIZED
1:1:1 DOC 75 mg/m2 IV Q3WPrednisone 10 mg QD
CBZ 20 mg/m2 IV Q3WPrednisone 10 mg QD
CBZ 25 mg/m2 IV Q3WPrednisone 10 mg QD
Oudard S et al. Proc ASCO 2012;Abstract TPS4696.
CALGB-90802: Everolimus With or Without Bevacizumab in Advanced Kidney Cancer After First-Line Therapy
www.clinicaltrials.gov, October 2012.
Key Eligibility Criteria:• Metastatic or unresectable RCC • Some clear cell histology• Measurable disease • Treated with ≥ 1 prior VEGFR TKI and have progressed or are intolerant to treatment
RANDOMIZE
Everolimus
Everolimus +Bevacizumab
N = 700Primary Endpoint: Overall survivalSecondary Endpoints: PFS, ORR, ≥ Grade 3 toxicity
Robert Motzer, T. E. Hutson, James Reeves, Robert Hawkins, Jun Guo, Paul Nathan, Michael Staehler, Paul de Souza, Jaime R. Merchan, Kate Fife, Jie Jin, Robert Jones, Hirotsugu Uemura, Ugo De Giorgi, Ulrika Harmenberg, Jinwan Wang, David Cella, Lauren McCann, Keith Deen, and Toni K. Choueiri
Proc ESMO 2012;Abstract LBA8_PR
Randomized, Open Label, Phase III Trial of Pazopanib versus Sunitinib in First-Line Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC): Results of the COMPARZ Trial
PazopanibSunitinib
N Median PFS Pazopanib 557 8.4 mo Sunitinib 553 9.5 mo
HR = 1.047
With permission from Motzer R et al. Proc ESMO 2012;Abstract LBA8_PR.
Months
Prop
ortio
n Pr
ogre
ssio
n-Fr
eePrimary Endpoint: Progression-Free Survival
(Independent Review)
Hair color changeWeight decreasedSerum ALT increasedAlopeciaUpper abdominal painSerum AST increased
FatigueRashPain in extremityConstipationTaste alterationLDH increasedSerum creatinine increasedPeripheral edema
Hand-foot syndromeDyspepsiaPyrexiaLeukopeniaHypothyroidismEpistaxisSerum TSH increased
MucositisNeutropeniaAnemiaThrombocytopenia
Relative Risk in Adverse EventsAE occurrence ≥10% in either arm; 95% CI for RR does not cross 1
Favors pazopanib Favors sunitinib
With permission from Motzer R et al. Proc ESMO 2012;Abstract LBA8_PR.