Home Learning Booklet Year 9Rotation 3

This booklet contains your science home learning tasks for the three topics in this rotation.

Each topic has four home learning tasks.

Fill in your personal data section.

YourName

Tutor Group

TeacherName

ScienceGroup

Use these grids to record your performance and track positive progress.

Task Genetics1 Learning List2 Using Your learning3 Assessment Focus 4 Reviewing Work

Task Patterns of Reactivity1 Learning List2 Using Your learning3 Assessment Focus 4 Reviewing Work

Task Increasing Efficiency1 Learning List2 Using Your learning3 Assessment Focus 4 Reviewing Work

Year 9 Learning List: Genetics

Key word Sounds like MeaningClone K loan An organism which has the same genetic material as the

original from which it was produced eg. a plant produced from a cutting

Gene Jee n A basic unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring

Gamete Gamm eat A reproductive cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes. It must fuse with another gamete to form a new organism

Cell Sell The smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent function

Breed B reed A group of organisms having common ancestors and certain distinct characteristics

Species Spee seez A group of organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding

Variety Va r eye ett ee A group of organisms of a species that differ from the rest of the species by having minor but inheritable characteristics

Pollination Pol in ay shun The transfer of pollen from the anther (male reproductive organ) of a plant to the stigma (female reproductive organ)

Selective breeding

See lek tivB ree ding

A process by which desirable characteristics are developed in organisms through controlled mating

Genetic information

Jenn ett ikIn for may shun

The information contained by genes which determines the characteristics of an organism

Genetically modified

Jenn ett ik al eeMod iff ide

An organism that has had its genetic material altered in a way that would not occur naturally to produce desirable characteristics

Heredity Heh red it tee The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another

Chromosome Krow mow sowm

A strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes

Ancestor Ann sess torr An organism from which other organisms have descended

Year 9 Learning List: Patterns of Reactivity

Key word Sounds like MeaningLustre Lus ter The shine of a metal due to light reflected off its surface

Tarnish Tar nish Discoloration of a metal surface caused by oxidation, to lose brightness.

Rust Russ - t An extreme form of oxidation

Reactivity series

Ree ak tiv it teeSee reez

A list of elements in order of reactivity.

Displacement Diss playss ment a reaction in which an element displaces and sets free another constituent element from a compound

Variables Vair ee ab bulls Factors or conditions that are subject to change, especially one that is allowed to change in a scientific experiment to test a hypothesis

Extraction X trak shun Removal by a physical or chemical process

Thermite Thurm eye –t A mixture of finely powdered aluminium and iron oxide that produces a very high temperature on combustion, used in welding and for incendiary bombs

Oxidation Okk sid ay shun A reaction in which an element reacts with oxygen to form a compound eg. Iron+ Oxygen Iron Oxide

Reactivity Ree ak tiv itt ee A measure of readiness for chemical change

Constituent Kon stitch you ent A part of the whole

Hypothesis High poth ess iss A proposed explanation for a phenomenon

Phenomenon Fen nom enn on An observed occurrence

Metal Mett al A chemical element that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat and is shiny

Control Variable

Kon trow-lVair ee ab bull

A variable that remains unchanged or is held constant to prevent its affect on the outcome of an experiment

Load of old rubbishHarold and Albert are on the beach with their metal detectors when suddenly they discover a bag full of metal objects buried in the sand. Some are really shiny and some are very dull. An old book wrapped in polythene is found in the bag, which informs them the objects are made of zinc, iron and silver. Harold and Albert know that some of these metals are very valuable but they don’t know which metal is which. Can you help them?

Level You should be able to…3 State which metal is magnetic and which metals will react with

acid.Explain very simply how some of the metals can be identified.

4 Describe what happens when metals react with acid and oxygen.Explain in more detail how most of the metals can be identified.

5 State the order in which the metals react with acid and oxygen and explain simply how displacement occurs.Explain with clear scientific reasoning how all of the metals can be identified. Identify any hazards in your plan.

Your task:

Using all or some of the chemicals and equipment below, plan experiments to determine which metal is which. You may want to plan it as a flow chart.

After each step explain what should happen in the experiment to each metal.

Write down any dangers or hazards that you may come across whilst carrying out the experiment.

Equipment:Hydrochloric acid, magnet, test tubes, test tube rack, wooden splint.

Keywords: metal, acid, salt, hydrogen, reactivity series, attract, magnetic.

Patterns of Reactivity Levels 3-5Level Assessed Task

Patterns of Reactivity Levels 5-7Level Assessed Task

Load of old rubbishHarold and Albert are beachcombing with their metal detectors when suddenly they discover a bag full of various metallic objects buried in the sand. Some are really shiny and some are dull with what looks like a white powder on their surface. An old book wrapped in polythene is found in the bag, which informs them the objects are made of zinc, lead, iron, copper or silver. Harold and Albert know that some of these metals are very valuable but they don’t know which metal is which. Can you help them?

Level You should be able to…5 State the order in which the metals react with acid and oxygen and

explain simply how displacement occurs.Explain with clear scientific reasoning how all of the metals can be identified. Identify any hazards in your plan.

6 Write word equations for most of the reactions in the experiments.Construct a step-by-step method or flow chart of how to identify each metal and at each step identify any hazards.

7 Write symbol equations for the reactions in your experiments. Construct a detailed flow chart for the experiments justifying the order in which the experiments are carried out. Predict and explain the outcomes of the displacement reactions you have used

Your task:

Using all or some of the chemicals and equipment below, plan a step-by-step series of experiments to determine which metal is which. You may want to write it out as a flow chart.

For each step, explain scientifically what should happen in the experiment to each metal, writing any word equations that may be necessary.

Identify any dangers or hazards that you may come across whilst carrying out the experiment.

Equipment: Hydrochloric acid, silver nitrate, magnet, lead nitrate, test tubes, test tube rack, wooden splintKeywords: metal, acid, salt, hydrogen, displacement, reactivity series, displace, attract, magnetic. Something extra: If Aluminium were present in the bag why would it be difficult to explain it using the reactivity series?

Using ChemistryLevel Assessed Task

Before half term, year 9 had been doing an experiment with iron nails. Some were accidentally left behind in a beaker on a balance over half term. The teacher noticed the mass of the nails before half term was 5.04g. After half term she looked again and the mass was 5.16g. The nails also looked different. Before half term they had been shiny, but after half term they were dull and a slightly reddy brown colour. The teacher also noticed that there was a bit of condensation in the beaker.

Your taskTry to explain what had happened to the iron nails in the beaker. Things to include: Whether a chemical reaction has taken place and how you know. A description of the reaction that has taken place. A word equation and symbol equation for the reaction. Why the mass of the nails got heavier. (You could use a diagram of particles

to help you explain.)

Keywords iron rusting oxygen oxide

Level Ladder

To get level …

You need to …

4 Name a material made in the reaction.Describe how nails have changed.

5 Recognise signs that a chemical reaction has taken place.Describe the reaction that has occurred.Identify what the iron nails have reacted with.

6 Write a word equation for the reaction taking place.Use ideas about particles to explain why the nails got heavier.

7 Write a symbol equation for the reaction taking place.Name the type of reaction taking place.

Year 9 Learning List: Increasing efficiency

Key word Sounds like MeaningStreamlined Streem lie n-d A shape that presents minimum resistance to a flow of

air or water (or liquid or gas)Drag D—rag Resistance to motion in a fluid

Pressure Press shure A force applied to a surface. Pressure = force / area.

Measured in Newtons /metre2 Transmission Trans mish un The transfer of force through a machine

Hydraulics High draw licks The branch of science and technology concerned with the movement of liquids through pipes 

Lever Lee verr A rigid bar resting on a fulcrum used to reduce the effort required to move a load.

Moment Mow ment Force x distance from fulcrum

Turning effect

Turn eeng eef ekt The tendency of a force to rotate an object around a fulcrum

Effort Eff fort The force applied to a machine to make it work

Load Low – d An object that is moved by a machine

Fluid Floo id A substance that has no fixed shape and which yields easily to external pressure. A gas or a liquid.

Force Four sss Something which changes the state of rest (or motion) of an object

Machine Mash een A device that transmits a force to a load

Fulcrum Full krum The point at which a lever rests and on which it pivots

Pivot Piv ott To rotate around a fixed point

Variable Vair ee ab bull A quantity that can have any value (from a set)

Independent variable

In dee pen dent Vair ee ab bull

A variable that is changed in an experiment to see what effect it has on the results

Dependent variable

Dee pen dent Vair ee ab bull

A variable that is measure in an experiment

Control Variable

Kon trow-lVair ee ab bull

A variable that is kept the same to prevent it affecting the results of an experiment

Measuring forceLevel Assessed Task

A visiting alien has stolen all the Newton meters and weighing scales in the world. He believes that if we cannot measure forces we will be unable to explore in space and pollute the Galaxy with annoying mobile phone ring tones.

Keywords

level 3 You can use force arrows on a diagram to show what is happening.You know what gravity does.

level 4 You know the units of force. You know what causes gravity.

level 5 You can use ideas about balanced and unbalanced forces in your explanation.

level 6 You can draw accurate force diagrams with arrows. You understand how weight is related to mass.

force grams Newton gravity balanced

Your Task to design and build a Newton meter from the materials provided. to draw your design, use force arrows to label it. to describe how you marked a scale on your instrument. to explain how it works.