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Year 8

History Home Study

Work Pack

Contents

Task Pages When to do

1-5 – Edward I 2-5 Week 1 – first half of the week

6 and 7 – Edward I 5-6 Week 1 – second half of the week

8 and 9 – Renaissance 7-10 Week 2 – first half of the week

10 and 11 - Renaissance 11-14 Week 2 – second half of the week

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Week 1 of home study

Edward I (complete these tasks in week 1 of your home study):

You are going to be studying about King Edward I of England who ruled from

1272 to 1307

TASK 1:

Complete the diagram of the feudal system from what we’ve already studied.

TASK 2:

Edward I had two nicknames:

Edward Longshanks

Hammer of the Scots

What can you infer about him from these two nicknames?

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STRETCH:

Why was the king so powerful in medieval times? (Use your feudal system diagram to help you)

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TASK 3:

Copy these into your glossary:

Edward I – the King of England from 1272 to 1307. He established parliament and increased the

power of England over Wales and Scotland.

Plantation – planting people to live in a certain area

TASK 4:

As you read the sheet, highlight the things that Edward changed in one colour, and the things that

stayed the same in another colour

Key:

Ways Edward changed Wales = Ways Wales stayed the same =

The conquest of Wales by King Edward I

Edward I was an ambitious man. His father Henry II had made sure that

although Wales was loyal to England, it was still ruled by a Welsh prince.

However, Edward wanted to be King of all the British Isles. He set out to

conquer Wales through several methods. We are going to investigate how

successful Edward was at changing Wales.

In 1282 different Welsh lords joined together to launch a rebellion against

King Edward. They wanted Wales to be ruled by the Welsh and disagreed with

Edward forcing them to follow English laws.

Edward gathered a large army and marched into Wales, to not only destroy

the rebellion, but also to fully conquer Wales once and for all. Edward was an

excellent soldier and after a number of battles he was able to defeat the rebels and to execute their

leaders. Edward needed to consolidate his power and he did this in three ways.

To make sure that there were plenty of loyal followers in Wales, Edward ‘planted’ thousands of

English people in Wales. He took land from the Welsh people and gave it to new English migrants

and even created special towns in Wales, like Flint, where only English people would be allowed to

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live. This meant that if there was a rebellion amongst Welsh people, there would be lots of Edward’s

followers around to stop it.

He also built huge castles in important places all over Wales. Edward built huge castles in towns

such as Conwy and Harlech which helped to show English power and allowed his soldiers to keep

watch of the local area, just as William the Conqueror had done. The most important of Edward’s

followers lived in these castles, and controlled the people who lived around them. They would be

quick to stop rebellions against Edward, if any broke out.

In 1284, he passed a law, called the ‘Statute of Wales’, which stated that all of Wales would use

English law. This ensured that Edward would be in full control of all important decisions that

happened in Wales.

However, Edward’s attempts to change Wales to make it part of his lands were not completely

successful. The Welsh people continued to speak Welsh after Edward’s attempted conquest. We

know this because monks, who went to Wales to set up new Churches and monasteries, had to learn

Welsh. Furthermore, in 1188, Edward sent Archbishop Baldwin to oversee a legal trial, and the

Archbishop had to have translators because he did not speak Welsh.

Also, the Welsh continued to tell traditional Welsh stories, especially those from a book called the

Mabinogion. This was a set of Welsh myths. Keeping their language and their Welsh stories helped

the people of Wales to feel that they were not completely part of Edward’s English kingdom.

TASK 5

Answer these questions in full sentences:

1) Why did the Welsh rebel against Edward in 1282?

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2) What was the outcome of the Welsh rebellion?

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3) How did Edward make sure that he had loyal followers in Wales?

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4) Where did Edward build castles, and how did they help him?

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5) When did Edward pass the statute of Wales, and how did it help him?

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6) How do we know that people continued to speak Welsh?

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7) What did the Welsh continue to do, which helped them to keep feeling separate from the

English? Two things

Stretch

Overall, do you think that Edward was successful at changing Wales? Why/why not?

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TASK 6:

Now read through these ‘chronology cards’ on Edward’s reign.

Highlight in 2 different colours

Key:

Edward gaining power = Edward losing power =

1.Establishment of Parliament

2. Consolidation of Wales

3. Exclusion of Jews 4. Wars in Scotland

Edward fought many battles in Wales and Scotland so he needed to ask the Barons for their permission to increase taxes to pay for all these battles. He was the first King to hold parliament regularly and it became an important part of the way England was ruled. This meant that power was more shared around and that Barons and Lords had more of a say in how the country should be run.

Edward successfully consolidated his power in Wales by building castles and creating English only towns in Wales. This meant that England now controlled all of Wales directly and could raise taxes and soldiers from this land. This made English Kings more powerful.

Edward increased taxes on everyone in England to pay for his battles. When some Jewish people could not afford to pay these huge taxes Edward passed a law that banned all Jewish people from living in England in 1290. This allowed Edward to confiscate (take) all the property that Jewish people owned. It would take almost 400 years for Jews to be allowed to return to England.

Though Edward was at first successful in taking control of Scotland he faced rebellions throughout his rule. This cost England large amounts of money and ensured that England and Scotland would continue fighting for many years after.

5. Laws 6. Relations with the Barons

7. Personality 8. Money problems

Edward was a clever King who worked hard

Edward was a strong –minded man. He often

Edward had a fierce temper and many

When Edward died he left England with

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to improve the laws of the country. He made sure that the same laws were followed in every part of the country. This made England a more unified country and strengthened the power of the King.

argued with the Barons. Though by holding parliament more often it gave the Barons more of a say in the country Edward was still in control. The King and Barons argued throughout his reign about how much tax they should pay and how many soldiers they should give to Edward’s army.

people who worked with him were often scared of Edward. Although the people of England did not necessarily like King Edward they did fear and respect him.

a huge debt. His wars in Wales and Scotland had cost England a huge amount of money. Edward’s son Edward II spent a long time of his reign trying to pay his father’s debts and finish the campaign in Scotland.

TASK 7:

Write 2 PEE Paragraphs answering the question below:

’Edward I completely changed Wales’. How far do you agree? (8 marks)

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Structure:

2 PEE paragraphs:

• A clear point

• Detailed evidence about what Edward did

• An explanation of why this was a change

• Repeat for more evidence and explanation

A conclusion, saying whether you think that Edward completely changed Wales or not

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The Renaissance (complete these tasks in week 2 of your home study):

Our next topic of study will be the Renaissance. This means ‘rebirth’ and led

to new discoveries in many areas and the decline of the Church’s power after

the Medieval period.

TASK 8:

Read the information below then complete the questions below the reading.

The Renaissance and its geography

During the medieval period less time was spent on recording and remembering the great ideas of the Romans and the Greeks. Over time, these ideas began to be forgotten. People were less curious about the world around them as they looked to the Church to give them all their answers about life. For most people, their life was about surviving and being a good Christian so they could go to Heaven when they died. Thinking about new types of art and remembering what the Romans and Greeks had done 1,000 years before was not important.

Between 1400 and 1500, educated Europeans began thinking about the world in a new way. This change marked the turning point between the Middle Ages and Early Modern times. People began to rediscover some of the amazing ideas, science, literature and art from the Ancient Greeks and Romans. We call this period of rediscovery the Renaissance (which means rebirth in French)

The Renaissance began in Italy and it spread all across Europe, including England. Renaissance Italy was similar to Ancient Greece in that it was made up of independent city states which relied on trade for their wealth. 1. Trade. Italy traded with cities all over Asia and Africa. With this trade they were able to discover the writings from Ancient Greece and Rome that had been lost in Europe but recorded in the Islamic Empire. With trade came the ideas and

new inventions of all the different areas Italy traded with. 2. Wealth. All this trade made Italians incredibly wealthy. This meant they had lots of

money to spend on the paintings and art of the Renaissance. Famous artists like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci could spend all their time producing incredible masterpieces. The Renaissance could not have happened if there was not enough money to support and pay for it.

3. Competition. Different city states wanted to show off how wealthy and powerful they were. They paid for copies of arts and books to be made to show off their wealth.

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TASK 9:

1. Read the following fact files on Copernicus and Gutenberg. 2. Give each a rating out of 10 for their achievements. 3. Answer the questions on page 9 4. Complete the questions in the table on page 10

Now answer these questions, using your reading:

1. What were people concerned about in the Middle ages?

2. What types of ideas did people begin to re-discover?

3. What was Italy made up of?

4. What did these different city states compete for?

5. Who did Italy trade with and what did they get from this trade?

6. What did Italy spend lots of their wealth on?

Name – Nicolaus Copernicus

From – Torun, Poland

Life – 1473-1543

Achievement – produced a paper where he created a model showing that the Sun was actually at

the centre of the universe and that the Earth orbited the Sun. Previously people had assumed that

the Earth was at the centre of the universe.

Impact – Copernicus’ ideas changed the way people thought about the universe. Other scientists

began to investigate more about the world and our planet’s place in the universe. It also would

cause lots of arguments with the Church as it went against what the Church had taught, that the

Earth was at the centre of the universe. Copernicus’s ideas changed the way people thought about

their place in the universe.

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1. What did Copernicus discover?

2. How did Copernicus challenge the ideas of the Church?

3. What did Gutenberg invent?

4. Why would this help ideas spread?

5. How would this challenge the work of the Church?

Name – Johannes Gutenberg

From – Mainz, Germany

Life – c.1398-1468

Achievement – created the Gutenberg printing press which was a machine that

could print books. It hugely reduced the time and cost to produce a book. Before

this invention, books had to be copied by hand and had been controlled by the

Church.

Impact – Gutenberg’s printing press invention spread around the world. It allowed

people to produce books quickly and cheaply so more people could read and learn

about new ideas. Without the printing press the ideas of people like Machiavelli

and Copernicus would not have been able to spread so quickly.

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Renaissance scholar

What did people think before this person came along?

What was this Renaissance scholar’s achievement or discovery?

How did this help to challenge medieval ideas?

Copernicus The universe Everyone believed that God had made the world. The Church told people that the earth was at the centre of the universe and that all planets and the sun went around earth.

What did Copernicus produce, and when? What did the Bible say, which was different from Copernicus’ idea?

What did Copernicus’ idea challenge? What did Copernicus’ idea make people think about the Bible?

Gutenberg Books The only way to make books was to write them out by hand. This would take a long time and make books very expensive. At this time the Church was mostly in charge of making books. This meant monks did the job of writing out books. This meant most of the books they wrote about was on religion.

What did Gutenberg create, and when? How did printers print a page on the printing press? What effect did this have on the time it took to produce books? What effect did this have on the price of books, and why?

How did Gutenberg’s printing press help Copernicus to spread his idea? Was it only monks who could now produce books, or could other people print books too? Do you think that all books still had to be about religion, or would they also publish other things? Why?

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TASK 10:

Read the following factfiles on Machiavelli and Columbus . Give each a rating out of 10 for

their achievements. Then answer the questions on page 12.

Name – Niccolo Machiavelli

From – Florence, Italy

Life – 1469-1527

Achievement – wrote a famous book called ‘The Prince’ which

challenged the way that a ruler should act. He described all the

different ways that a ruler should act if they wanted to be

successful. This encouraged rulers to worry less about what the

Church told them to do and think more about what was best for

getting their decisions carried out. Impact – Machiavelli said it was ‘better to be feared than loved’

and that a King should not just have the bravery of a lion but also

the cunning of a fox. This encouraged rulers to lie, cheat and use

violence if it meant it would give them more power. This

challenged the way the Church wanted Kings to act but many

Kings and rulers were influenced by the writings of Machiavelli.

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Name - Christopher Columbus

From – Genoa, Italy

Life – 1451-1506

Achievement – sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and

discovered the Caribbean and Central America.

Impact – Columbus’s journey gave other Europeans the

confidence and knowledge to discover a whole new

continent. European countries like Spain and Portugal

began to conquer and control huge areas of land in

North and South America. This made countries like

Spain and Portugal very rich and powerful.

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TASK 11:

Now complete the question below with two PEE paragraphs, one on Gutenberg and one on either

Copernicus or Columbus

How did the ideas of the Renaissance change Europe? (8 marks)

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Now answer these questions, using your reading:

1. What was Machiavelli’s book called, and what did it say?

2. How did Machiavelli’s book change the way people ruled?

3. Where was Christopher Columbus from?

4. What did Columbus achieve?

5. How did Columbus’ achievement impact others?

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