year 7 geography knowledge organiser · year 7 geography knowledge organiser revision guide 1....
TRANSCRIPT
Year 7 Geography Knowledge Organiser
Revision Guide
1. Spell it
Prepare for a spelling test of key
words. Your teacher will misspell
the words and you have to try to
correct them.
2. Quiz it
Prepare for a quiz in your next lesson
– all of the answers to the test are in
the knowledge organiser.
3. Sort it
Organise the information somehow
e.g. sort it into physical or human
geography, or cause and effect.
4. Challenge somebody
Use the knowledge organiser to
make a quiz or test for a
classmate (e.g. a word jumble).
5. Ask for help
Underline any words or terms you
don’t know or understand in the
knowledge organiser
– ask a teacher at school or someone
at home.
6. Investigate it
Find out more about something in the
knowledge organiser that your
teacher has asked you to investigate.
7. Think and draw
Create something visual to help
you learn the information. For
example, a mind map, spider or
flow diagram.
8. Improve it
Add extra ideas, facts, and details to
the knowledge organiser.
Be ready to share it with the rest of the
class.
9. Use it
Use the information in your knowledge
organisers to help answer a question
your teacher has given you.
Topic: Geographical Skills Year 7 Geography
What will you study? How is it linked to other topics
you will study?
How is it linked to what you will study in
GCSE Geography … and beyond?
Measuring distance and direction,
grid references, OS map symbols,
contours, atlas skills, knowing the
continents, graph skills.
Useful to you throughout Year 7 - 9! The GCSE exam papers contains
questions to test your map skills.
Knowledge box
1) There are seven continents on Earth. Continents are
mega-islands (mostly surrounded by ocean).
6) Places can be located on maps using grid
references.
2) Naughty Elephants Spray Water can be helpful when
trying to remember the main compass points: North,
East, South and West.
7) ‘Along the corridor and up the elevator’ – useful
advice to help with four figure grid references.
3) Geographers often use atlases to find places. Atlases
contain different types of map. Maps can be on paper,
but many maps we use today are digital.
8) Six figure grid references give more precise locations
than four figure grid references. They can be worked
out by dividing one grid square into 100 small squares.
4) Different maps use different scales – these have
different levels have detail. OS Maps scales you will use
are usually 1:25000 or 1:50000 – 1:25000 means 1cm on
the map is 25,000 centimetres (250 metres) in real life.
9) OS maps contain map symbols to identify different
features e.g. a church with a spire, or a post office. You
can find out what the symbols mean using the map key.
5) The distance between places is usually measured in
kilometres (1 km = 1000 metres) or miles (1 mile = 1609
metres).
10) Contour lines on faint brown lines on OS maps which
are used to show the height of the land (e.g. whether it
is flat or hilly). When contour lines on maps are close to
each other it indicates a steep slope or cliff. The contour
interval is usually 10 metres, but you should always use
the map key to check.
OS
Grid References (4 & 6)
OS Map symbols
Take it further
KS3 Geography Skills on the BBC Bitesize website https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/topics/zm38q6f
OS map zone website https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/mapzone/map-skills
4FGR = 1844
Topic: UK Geography Year 7 Geography
What will you study? How is it linked to other topics
you will study?
How is it linked to what you will study in
GCSE Geography … and beyond?
Countries and regions of the UK; UK
geology, climate and population
You will study climate change later
this year, and geology and
population again in Year 8
GCSE Geography Paper 1 is all about
the geography of the UK
UK Maps
Knowledge box
1. The ‘UK’ is the United Kingdom. The full
name is the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland. Sometimes the
UK is called Britain.
7. The UK has an area of 242,500 km2. The
UK is the 78th largest country in the world.
13. The UK is a constitutional monarchy. The
monarch of the UK is Queen Elizabeth II. She
has reigned since 1952. The UK is a
parliamentary democracy. The government
is based at Westminster in London.
2. The main island (containing England,
Scotland and Wales) is called Great Britain.
8. The UK lies between latitudes 49° to 61°
N, and longitudes 9° W to 2° E.
14. The UK was formed by a Union between
England, Wales and Scotland in 1707.
3. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern
Ireland are all part of the UK.
9. The UK is surrounded by the Atlantic
Ocean. It has the 12th
longest coastline in
the world.
15. Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland
formed in 1801. In 1922, the Republic of
Ireland became a separate country, but
Northern Ireland remained part of the UK.
4. The capital city of the UK (and England)
is the London. The other capital cities are
Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast.
10. The UK has an estimated population of
roughly 65 million people. 17. The UK is the
21st most populous country in the world.
16. The UK is a wealthy developed country –
it is the world’s 5th largest economy. The UK is
an unequal society – most people are well-
off by world standards, but there is poverty
too.
5. The UK shares a border with another
country – the Republic of Ireland. This is
because Northern Ireland is on the island of
Ireland.
11. The UK has a mild, temperate climate,
with plenty of rainfall. On average it rains
one day in every three.
17. The UK has diverse landscapes – with hilly,
upland areas, flat lowlands areas, rivers and
coastlines, cities and countryside.
6. Great Britain, Ireland, and many smaller
islands (e.g. Shetland, Orkneys, Guernsey)
together make up the British Isles.
12. The UK climate has distinct seasons -
The coldest months are Jan/Feb and the
warmest are July/Aug.
On average, the temperature in London is
30C higher than Edinburgh (Scotland)
18. The UK has a diverse population – roughly
15% of people were not born in the UK. Some
places are more diverse than others. London
is a multicultural city - 30% of Londoners were
not born in the UK.
Taking it further
https://www.3dgeography.co.uk/geography-of-the-uk
Topic: Our Planet Year 7 Geography
What will you study? How is it linked to other topics
you will study?
How is it linked to what you will study in
GCSE Geography … and beyond?
Layers of the Earth, Geological time,
Life on Earth, Natural landforms,
Atmosphere, the Greenhouse effect,
Food chains, adaptation.
You will study rocks in more detail
later this year. In year 8 you will
study the climate, plants & animals
found in different environments.
Ecosystems is a GCSE topic and you will
study atmospheric circulation and the
greenhouse effect in more depth.
Knowledge grid
1. The Earth is around 4.6 billion years old. 7. Plants and animals form food chains or more complex food
webs. There are producers, consumers and decomposers.
2. Geologists use large units of time lasting millions of years to
measure geological time, such as eons, eras, periods, and
epochs.
8. Earth is wrapped in a thin layer of gases called the
atmosphere.
3. Examples of geological time periods include the Cambrian,
Jurassic, and Cretaceous period.
9. The Earth’s atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen (78%)
and oxygen (21%).
4. Landforms are natural features that have formed on the
Earth’s surface, such as mountains and rivers.
10. The atmosphere is made up different horizontal layers -
including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere,
thermosphere, and exosphere.
5. The Earth has four main layers: the inner core, the outer
core, the mantle, and the crust. The crust is the thinnest outer
layer and is mostly made up of igneous rock.
11. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Human activity has
increased the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
through burning fossil fuels.
6. The other layers of the Earth are mostly made of metals
including iron, magnesium and aluminium.
12. The enhanced greenhouse effect is responsible for rising
global temperatures and global sea levels.
Topic: Rivers & Flooding Year 7 Geography
What will you study? How is it linked to other topics
you will study?
How is it linked to what you will study in
GCSE Geography … and beyond?
Rivers, river processes (weathering,
erosion, transport, deposition), the
formation of river landforms, flooding.
You will revisit geomorphic
processes when you study coasts in
Year 7 and Glaciers in Year 8
You will study rivers in the UK for the
‘Landscapes of the UK’ topic at GCSE.
Knowledge grid
1. A river basin or drainage basin is an area of land drained by a river and its
tributaries.
9. A meander is a bend in the river. Meanders usually occur in the middle or
lower course, formed by erosion and deposition.
2. The edge of the drainage basin is known as the watershed. This can be
compared to a sink or basin, which catches the water falling into it.
10. As the river flows around a meander, the water flows fastest around the
outside of the bend. This causes erosion on the outside and deposition on the
inside of the bend.
3. The river will eventually leave the river basin through its mouth and enter
the sea or a lake.
11. If the meander moves so much that the bend becomes very large, the
course of the river may change. The meander may be cut off, forming an ox-
bow lake.
4. River landscapes change downstream from the source to the mouth. 12. A river floods when the water normally flowing in the channel overflows its
banks and spreads out onto the surrounding land.
5. When a river is near its source, it often develops a V-shaped valley as the
river erodes down (this is called vertical erosion).
13. Physical causes of flooding to do with the climate include heavy rainfall,
long periods of rain, and snowmelt.
6. Weathering breaks up material on the valley slopes. Weathered rock
material from the valley sides gets deposited in the river.
14. Physical causes of flooding to do with rocks and soils include: steep slopes,
impermeable rock (doesn't allow water through) very wet, saturated soils,
compacted or dry soil.
7. Waterfalls often form in the upper stages of a river where it flows over
different bands of rock. It erodes soft rock more quickly than hard rock.
15. Human factors increasing flood risk: urbanisation, because towns and cities
have more impermeable surfaces.
8. A steep-sided gorge is formed as the waterfall retreats. 16. Deforestation increases flood risk, because removing trees reduces the
amount of water intercepted and increases run-off.
Topic: Oceans & Coasts Year 7 Geography
What will you study? How is it linked to other topics
you will study?
How is it linked to what you will study in
GCSE Geography … and beyond?
Oceans, tides, ocean currents,
geomorphic processes (e.g.
weathering), waves, longshore drift
coastal landforms of erosion and
deposition,
You will revisit geomorphic
processes when you study Glaciers
in Year 8
You will study coastal landscapes of the
UK for the ‘Landscapes of the UK’ topic
at GCSE.
Ocean currents Tides
Longshore Drift
Knowledge grid
1. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon (and to a lesser
extent, the Sun).
11. Waves can be constructive or destructive. With a constructive wave, the
swash is stronger than the backwash. With a destructive wave, the backwash
is stronger than the swash.
2. Ocean currents circulate around the oceans. There are warm and cold
ocean currents and they affect weather and climate.
12. Abrasion - waves transport material which hit the cliff and gradually wear it
away.
3. The UK has approximately 18,000 km of coastline, and there are many
different types of coastal environment: cliffs, beaches, sand dunes, salt
marshes, ports/harbours, and seaside resorts etc.
13. Hydraulic action - as waves approach the coast they trap air and force it
into gaps in the cliff. Eventually this weakens the rock.
4. Different geomorphic processes take place in the coastal zone, such as
weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition. Weathering is the
break-down of rocks by the weather (e.g. changes in temperature, rainfall).
14. Attrition - waves cause the rocks to crash against each other, breaking
them down into smaller and rounder pieces.
5. Erosion - waves can erode the coastline in a similar way to the water in
rivers. This usually occurs when the sea takes lots of energy from the power
of destructive waves.
15. Corrosion (also known as solution) - salts and acids in seawater dissolve the
rock gradually over thousands of years.
6. Transportation - the movement of eroded material up and down, and
along the coast.
16. There are different types of coastal protection: this involves building
structures to protect the coast such as sea walls, groynes & gabions.
7. Chalks and limestone can form steep cliffs, whereas clays and softer rock
form large bays. Where rocks are at an angle to the edge of the coastline,
will erode at different rates, creating headlands and bays.
17. Caves, arches, stacks and stumps - Headlands can be vulnerable to
erosion because they stand out from the rest of the coast. Over time, these
other features may develop on a headland.
8. Deposition is likely to occur when: waves enter an area of shallow water,
waves enter a sheltered bay, and / or there are calm conditions with little
wind.
18. Longshore drift is a process of transportation that shifts eroded material
along the coastline. Waves approach the coast at an angle. This creates a
zig-zag movement of sediment along the beach.
9. The size of a wave depends on: length of time the wind has been
blowing, strength of the wind, or the 'fetch' - how far the wind has travelled.
19. Caves, arches, stacks and stumps
Headlands can be vulnerable to erosion because they stand out from the rest
of the coast. Over time, other features may develop on a headland.
10. When a wave breaks, water is washed up the beach. This is called the
swash. Then the water runs back down the beach, which is called the
backwash.
20. Spits are caused by deposition - they are features that are formed by the
process of longshore drift. An example of a spit is Spurn Head, north of the
Humber Estuary in the north east of England.
Topic: Extreme Weather & Climate Hazards Year 7 Geography
What will you study? How is it linked to other topics
you will study?
How is it linked to what you will study in
GCSE Geography … and beyond?
Types of weather, extreme weather
(hurricanes, tornadoes, drought),
atmospheric circulation, climate
change – evidence, causes, impacts
and responses.
You will revisit climate change
again in more detail in Year 9 when
you study environmental issues,
including the carbon cycle.
You will study climate change at GCSE.
Understanding the carbon cycle is very
important part of the A-level course.
Knowledge Grid
1) Climate change – long-term
changes in temperature and climate.
5) Ecosystems – a community of plants
and animals living together in an
environment.
2) Deforestation – chopping down
and removal of area of forest.
6) The greenhouse effect is a natural
process which occurs in the atmosphere.
Heat is trapped by a layer of greenhouse
gases, including methane, water vapour
and carbon dioxide.
3) Wind is moving air. Moving air
circulates in pattern around the
planet. Warm air rises, cools and
condenses, forming clouds and rain.
7) The enhanced greenhouse effect is
the idea that humans have increased the
greenhouse gases that are naturally in
the atmosphere, leading to global
warming.
4) Rising warm air = low pressure.
Cool, dry sinking air = high pressure.
8) Melting ice and thermal expansion are
raising ocean levels, threatening low lying
islands such as the Maldives.