SDME Exam (Sustainable Decision Making Exercise) – Exam code B561

Topic: Economic Development

Date: Tuesday 19th May 2015

Length: 90 minutes

Value: 25% (40 marks – last question worth 16 marks)

Geographical Themes Exam – Exam code B563

Topics: Rivers and Coasts

Natural Hazards

Population and Settlement

Date: Wednesday 3rd June 2015

Length: 1 hour 45 minutes

Value: 50% (3 x 33 marks questions = 99 total marks – Case Study questions worth

11 marks including 3 marks for SPAG)

Extra resources / Past Paper Questions

OCR B Syllabus – OCR B Website – Lots of Past Papers

http://www.ocr.org.uk/qualifications/gcse-geography-b-j385-from-2012/

Cranbrook School Portal & Cranbrook Geog Twitter @cranbrookgeog

Revision Guides – CGP OCR B Syllabus (Revision book & workbook) or Jane Ferretti OCR B

Geography Revision Guide. Both available on Amazon.co.uk

GCSE Revision Sheets & Notes

http://www.chewvalleyschool.co.uk/Revisioncentre/GeographyGCSERevision/

General Revision

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/ http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/geography

http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/gcse/index.html

Case Studies for June Exams

Each examination question has a case study sub-question. You will need to apply relevant knowledge and understanding of real examples from your learning. Use this sheet to organise your revision.

Theme 1: Rivers and Coasts Case Studies Examples Notes Revised /

The causes, effects and management of river flooding in an MEDC.

Boscastle

The causes, effects and management of river flooding in an LEDC.

Bangladesh

One river valley and its landforms. River Tees

One coastal area and its landforms. Dorset or

Pett Level & Fairlight

A case study of coastal management

including reasons for protection, measures taken, resulting effects and possible conflicts.

Pett Level & Fairlight

or Holderness or Happisburgh

Theme 2: Population & Settlement Case

Studies Examples Notes Revised /

A case study to illustrate strategies to influence natural population within a

country.

China 1 Child Policy or

Cabbages & Condoms in Thailand

A case study of international migration to illustrate the causes, consequences and

management

Poland to the UK

A case study of migration within one

country.

UK internal

Migration (counter-urbanisation)

A case study of urban change to illustrate social, economic and environmental planning

and its sustainability.

Curitiba or Greenwich

Millennium Village

A case study to illustrate how retail service

provision changes over time

Bluewater in Dartford or Meadow

Hall in Sheffield or North Farm

Tunbridge Wells

Theme 3: Natural Hazards Case Studies Examples Notes Revised /

A case study of one tectonic hazard event in an LEDC (Earthquake)

Sichuan or Haiti

A case study of one tectonic hazard event in an MEDC (Earthquake)

Japan

A case study of one tectonic hazard event in an LEDC (Volcano)

Nevado Del Ruiz

A case study of one tectonic hazard event in an MEDC (Volcano)

Mount Etna

A case study of one climatic hazard event in

an LEDC (Tropical Storm) Cyclone Nargis

A case study of one climatic hazard event in an MEDC (Tropical Storm)

Hurricane Katrina

A case study of one climatic hazard event in an LEDC (Drought)

Ethiopia or Kenya

A case study of one climatic hazard event in an MEDC (Drought)

Australia

B561 SDME Exam: Case Study

You may need to use your case studies to answer questions in the SDME exam.

Theme 4: Economic Development Case

Studies Examples Notes Revised /

A case study of an aid project in an LEDC

Water Aid or Computer & Goat

Aid

An LEDC case study to illustrate the factors that affect the location of different types of

economic activity.

Kenya Flowers or

Oil in Nigeria

An MEDC case study to illustrate the factors that affect the location of different types of economic activity.

Silicon Valley or M4 Corridor

A case study of MNC investment in a specific

area and in an international context. Nike

A case study of a specific development

where conflicts exist between economic development and environmental damage.

China Pearl River Delta

Rivers and Coasts

Rivers

1. What is the hydrological cycle?

2. What is a drainage basin?

o Define drainage basin, tributary, source, mouth, confluence, channel and

water shed

o Understand the drainage basin size and characteristics vary around the

world.

3. How does the drainage basin work as a system?

Inputs, outputs, stores and flows

4. What is a storm hydrograph?

o Be able to construct/draw and label – axis, precipitation, discharge, peak

rainfall, rising limb, falling limb, peak discharge, lag time

o What are the factors that cause a short lag time and high discharge?

Flashy hydrograph

o What are the factors that cause a long lag time and low discharge?

Subdued hydrograph

o How and why do storm hydrographs vary between urban and rural areas?

5. How do human and physical factors affect flood risk?

6. What are the causes & effects of a river flood in an MEDC? Boscastle

7. What has been done to reduce the flood risk in your named MEDC area

(management strategies)? Evaluate and consider sustainability.

8. What are the causes & effects of a river flood in an LEDC? Bangladesh

9. What has been done to reduce the flood risk in your named LEDC area

(management strategies)? Evaluate and consider sustainability.

10.What are the different strategies for flood prevention and control? Evaluate each

considering cost, practicality, aesthetics, level of development, longevity,

sustainability

11.What are the processes of erosion in a river?

12.What are the processes of transportation in a river?

13.How do river profiles change from source to mouth?

14.For each of the following landform features of the upper course of the river be able

to draw a diagram, write a paragraph to explain its formation and give a named

example:

Water falls

Interlocking Spurs

V-shaped valley

15. For each of the following landform features of the lower course of the river be

able to draw a diagram, write a paragraph to explain its formation and give a

named example:

Flood plain

Meanders and ox-bow lakes (x-section of a meander slip off slope and river cliff)

delta

16. Be able to describe the key features of the upper and lower course of the River

Tees

Coasts

1. Describe the erosion, transport, weathering and mass movement processes

affecting coastlines.

2. How does rock type and structure affect erosion?

3. Describe the process by which the sea transports material along the coastline.

4. How are waves generated and what factors affect the energy of a wave?

Strength of wind, duration and fetch

5. What are constructive and destructive waves?

6. Name and locate examples of the following features caused by erosion.

7. Describe and explain how each was formed with reference to erosion,

weathering and mass movement processes

Cliff – refer to wave cut notch, wave cut platform and cliff retreat.

Headlands – refer to caves, arches, stacks and

stumps

8. Name and locate examples of the following coastal features caused by deposition.

9. Describe and explain how each was formed.

Spits

Bars

Tombolos

Beaches

10.Describe and explain strategies that can be used to protect the coastline from

erosion and flooding e.g.

Groyne

Beach nourishment/replenishment

Managed retreat

Gabion

Sea wall

Rip rap (rock barrier)/ revetments

Which are more sustainable and why?

Population & Settlement

Population

1. Define the following terms:

Birth Rates

Death Rates

Rate of Natural Increase

Infant Mortality Rates

Life Expectancy

Dependents/Non-Economically Active

Non Dependents/ Economically Active

Over-population

Under-population

2. What does a population pyramid show?

3. Describe and explain the typical shape of a population pyramid for an MEDC.

4. Describe and explain the typical shape of a population pyramid for an LEDC.

5. Why do birth rates and life expectancy vary between countries of different levels

of economic development?

6. How do the number and type of dependent population in an LEDC vary from that

in an MEDC?

7. How do you measure natural population growth?

8. How has population grown globally?

9. What is the demographic transition model? How do Birth Rates and Death Rates

change overtime and with different levels of economic development/different

countries?

10.List factors that influence changes in birth rate and death rate.

Reasons why Birth Rates are high

Reasons why Birth Rates decrease

Reasons why Death Rates are high

Reasons why Death Rates decrease

11.How can population structure change over time? Age structure and gender.

12.With reference to one named country describe strategies used influence natural

population change in a country. E.g. controlling birth rates

13.Evaluate the success of the strategy outline in the question above. How sustainable

is this population policy?

14. Suggest reasons for an ageing population trend in the UK.

15. What will be the consequences of an ageing population?

16. Define international Migration

17. What are the push and pull factors of international migration?

18. Using a named example/case study of international migration outline the causes,

consequences on the host country and losing country and management.

19. What is internal migration?

20. Define urbanisation

21. What are the causes, consequences and management of urbanisation (refer to an

example)

22. Define counter-urbanisation

23. What are the causes, consequences and management of counter – urbanisation

(refer to an example)

24. What are the different types of migration taking place within the UK? Internal

migration, places, causes, consequences and management

Settlement

1. What are the different types of land use found within cities?

2. How do these land uses reflect economic, social and cultural factors?

3. How have land use patterns changed within cities MEDC & LEDC?

4. What are the different approaches to development in urban areas which

demonstrate different levels of sustainability?

o Describe and evaluate. e.g. small scale sustainable development such as the

Greenwich Millennium Village & Curitiba

o Include social, economic and environmental planning and its sustainability.

5. What is the hierarchy of shopping/retail services in a town/city?

6. What factors affect this hierarchy? Types of goods (high order/low

order/convenience/specialist/consumer goods,)Sphere of Influence, Range,

Threshold population

7. How and why has the hierarchy and distribution of shops/retail services changed

over time?

8. Explain why shopping habits/retail services changed over time.

9. Using a case study illustrate how retail service provision has changed over time.

E.g. development of out of town shopping malls – reason for change must include

transport provision & market forces (Bluewater)

Natural Hazards (Climatic & Tectonics)

Tectonic Hazards

1. Define “natural hazard”

2. What is the global distribution of tectonic hazards of earthquakes and volcanoes?

3. For each plate boundary be able to:

Draw a labelled diagram

Describe and explain the processes taking place

Name an example

What type of tectonic hazard occurs and what intensity

4. What are the impacts of earthquakes and volcanoes on people and places?

5. What are primary and secondary effects?

6. For two case studies of a volcano (one MEDC and one LEDC), be able to do the

following:

Describe and explain the cause

Impacts – primary, secondary, physical and human

Management – response to the hazard – before, during and after

7. For two case studies of an earthquake (one MEDC and one LEDC), be able to do

the following:

Describe and explain the cause

Impacts – primary, secondary, physical and human

Management – response to the hazard – before, during and after

8. How and why does the impact of tectonic hazards vary with economic

development? MEDC & LEDC’s

9. How does the management of climatic hazards vary with economic development?

10.Why do people continue to live in areas prone to tectonic hazards?

11.How does settlement and economic activities affect the impact of tectonic

hazards?

12.How can people and places be protected from tectonic hazards? Building,

planning, education. Use of GIS, new technologies and satellite images to map

distributions and patterns of the event to help produce prediction models

Climatic Hazards

1. What is the global distribution of climatic hazards? Tropical storms and severe

drought

2. How and why do tropical storms form? What are the climatic conditions leading to

the formation of tropical storms?

3. What are the impacts of tropical storms on people and places?

4. What are primary and secondary effects?

5. For two case studies of a tropical storm (one MEDC and one LEDC), be able to do

the following:

Describe and explain the cause

Impacts – primary, secondary, physical and human

Management – response to the hazard – before, during and after -

sustainability

6. For two case studies of drought (one MEDC and one LEDC), be able to do the

following:

Describe and explain the cause

Impacts – primary, secondary, physical and human

What is desertification?

Management – response to the hazard – before, during and after -

sustainability

7. How and why does the impact of climatic hazards vary with economic

development? MEDC & LEDC’s

8. How does the management of climatic hazards vary with economic development?

9. Why do people continue to live in areas prone to climatic hazards?

10.How does settlement and economic activities affect the impact of climatic

hazards?

11.How can people and places be protected from climatic hazards? Building,

planning, education. Use of GIS, new technologies and satellite images to map

distributions and patterns of the event to help produce prediction models

Economic Development

1. What is economic development?

“Development means improving the economic and social conditions in a country and the

quality of life of the people living there. It is more than just wealth as it includes things

such as happiness and the state of the environment. “Extract from OCR syllabus

2. How are levels of economic wellbeing and quality of life measured?

List different indicators and classify as economic, social and environmental

What are the advantages and disadvantages of these indicators?

What is the HDI and how is it calculated?

3. Define LEDC, MEDC & Newly Industrialised Country (NIC)

4. How can development be affected by aid?

Different types of aid – short term emergency, long term bi-lateral, long

term multilateral, long term aid from non-governmental organisations.

Evaluate the pros and cons of aid. Sustainability of the aid.

5. Be able to describe and evaluate a case study of an aid project in an LEDC. To what

extent is it sustainable?

6. Employment structure can be divided into primary, secondary, tertiary and

quaternary. Define each of these types of industry.

7. How and why do employment structures vary between different countries?

8. How and why does employment structure change over time in a country? Relate to

Rostow’s model of development.

9. What factors determine the location of different types of industry? Primary,

secondary, tertiary and quaternary

10.For a named case study in an LEDC, illustrate the factors that affect the location of

different economic activities.

11. For a named case study in an MEDC, illustrate the factors that affect the location

of different economic activities.

12.Why do locational factors for industry change over time?

13.What is a multinational company?

14.What is globalisation?

15.What are the reasons for globalisation?

16.What is and NIC? Using a named example explain how the area has industrialised

rapidly. What are the impacts of rapid industrialisation on the economy, people

and environment?

17.What is NIDL?

18.What are the advantages and disadvantages of MNC’s?

19.How do multinational companies affect the areas they choose to locate and other

places? A case study of a MNC investment in a specific area and in and

international context.

20.What are the future impacts of globalisation?

21.How can economic activity affect the physical environments on a local, national

and global scale? – Water, air, noise, light, visual pollution – acid rain, global

warming etc.

22.Case study required showing where conflicts exist between economic development

and environmental damage. Case study China and the Pearl Harbour

23.How can GIS, new technologies and satellite images used to analyse economic

activity and environmental conflict?

24.What are the causes and effects of global climate change?

25.What are the responses to global climate change by a) international treaty b)

governments (UK) and c) individual people?