xp mohammad moizuddin new perspectives on html tutorial 1 1 introducing the world wide web...

Mohammad Moizuddin New Perspectives on HTMLTutorial 1

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XP

Introducing the World Wide WebDeveloping a Basic Web Page

HTML Tutorial 1Session 1.1


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XPCIS-158

• How many student completed CIS-158.• What you learn in CIS 158.• I would like to see yours CIS – 158 final

individual project or assignment.


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XPSession 1.1

• In this session you will learn the basics of how the World Wide Web is structured and how it operates. You will then begin to explores the HTML language that is used to creates web sites.

• Basics network history.


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XPIntroduction to Networks

• What is a network?– Network provide computers the ability of

communication between them

– Computer system that links two or more computers

– Collections of terminals, computers, and other equipments that use communication channels

– To share data, info, hardware, software

– Fig 1.1


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XPNetworks (Hardware)

• LAN -- Local Area Network– A communication network which span small area

– Ethernet, TokenRing

– School, office

• WAN -- Wide Area Network– A communication network which is spread across wide

geographic area

– Frame Relay, X.25, ATM

– Schools, cities, countries


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XPStructure of the Internet

This figure shows the physical structure of the Internet, which uses fiber-optic cables, satellites, phone lines, and other telecommunications media to send data back and forth.


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XPInternet

• A group of inter-connected networks

• TCP/IP• HTTP, SMTP, FTP,

Telnet• It functions as a single,

cooperative virtual network


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XPNetworks (Protocol)

• What is a protocol?– A set of rules governing the information flow within

a communications infrastructure– Control format, timing, error essential correction

and running order– Essential for a device to be able to interpret

incoming information– Each protocol responsible for one part of a

communications function


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XPHypertext Documents

• Hypertext offers a better way of locating information.

• When you read a book, you follow a linear progression, reading one page after another.

• With hypertext, you progress through pages in whatever way is best suited to you and your objectives.

• Hypertext lets you skip from one topic to another.


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XPHypertext Documents Continued

• The key to hypertext is the use of links, which you activate to move from one topic to another.– a link can open a document on a computer anywhere in

the world

• Hypertext has become the dominate method of sharing and retrieving information on the Internet, becoming known as the World Wide Web, or the Web.

• Documents on the Web are known as Web pages.


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XPLinear Versus Hypertext Documents

This figure shows how topics can be related in a hypertext fashion, as opposed to a linear fashion.


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XPInternet Protocols

• PPP– Point-to-Point Protocol

– Create a TCP/IP connection over regular telephone lines using modems on both ends

• FTP– File Transfer Protocol

– Enables transferring of text and binary files over TCP connection


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XPWeb Pages and Web Browsers

• A Web page is stored on a Web server, which makes the page available to users of the Web.

• To view a Web page, the user runs a Web browser, a software program that retrieves the page and displays it.

• A Web browser can either be text-based, or graphical.


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XPUsing a Browser to View a Web Document on a Server

This figure shows to view web pages, the user runs a Web browser, a software program that retrieves the page and displays it.


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• Telnet– A terminal emulation protocol for use over a TCP

connection

• SMTP– Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

– transferring electronic mail (Email) messages from one machine to another


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• HTTP– Hyper Text Transport Protocol

– Transfer hypertext pages across the world wide web


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XPInternet Protocols (TCP)

• TCP– Transmission Control Protocol

– enables a computer to send data to a remote computer

– Reliable, i.e. packets are guaranteed to wind up at their target, at the correct order

• UDP– User Datagram Protocol

– doesn't guarantee delivery

– doesn't guarantee that packets will be received in the same order they were sent


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XPInternet Protocol (IP)

• Internet Protocol– underline protocol for all the other protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite

– Computers in the IP world are identify by unique numbers, i.e., IP address

• IP address– 32 bits numbers that usually written out at four 8 bits number separated

by dots

• 165.236.196.45, 140.192.32.4

– Managed by Network Information Center (NIC)


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XP

• Human-readable representation of IP address

bach.cs.ccc.edu

Organization type

Organization name

Organization name

Host name

IP Address: 140.192.33.6

Domain Name


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XPDomain Name Suffix

– .com : commercial organizations

– .edu : educational institutions

– .mil : military

– .gov : government

– .org : non-profit organizations

– .net : network institution


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XPInternet History

• 1969: ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) – four major computers at universities in the

southwestern US (UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, and the University of Utah)

– Goals• No centralized control

• Share information and computer on military and scientific projects


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XPInternet History

• 1972: E-mail was adapted for ARPANET by Ray Tomlinson

• 1972: telnet protocol was published as a Request for Comments (RFC)

• 1973: ftp protocol was published as a RFC• 1980: TCP/IP was adopted by the Defense

Department– The Internet matured


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XP

Internet History

• 1989: CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Physics) proposed a new protocol for information distribution. This protocol became the World Wide Web in 1991

• 1993: Graphical browser Mosaic by Marc Andreessen and his team

• 1992: Delphi was the first national commercial online service to offer Internet access to its subscribers


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XPThe Internet

• The Internet consists of millions of interconnected computers that enable users to communicate and share information.

• Many Internet tools required users to master an array of terms, acronyms, and commands before they could navigate the Internet.

• The World Wide Web was developed to make the Internet easier to use and give quick access to users.


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XPFTP

• Transferring files between different computers• You can edit your personal Web page via

Notepad on a PC• When you finish a page, you need ftp to transfer

the pages into your shrike account


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XPHow to Publish Web Pages on ccc.edu

• Please ask web master to provide you the space on web server. Next week every one must get there space in the ccc.truman web server

• telnet into ccc.edu web site

• create a subdirectory, named your name_html, under your home directory– mkdir your name_html

• ftp the files into directory your name_html– one of the files should be named index.html, the default

homepage


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XPWeb Servers & Web Browsers

• Web Servers– Inorder to serve up pages, web sites need a host-a computer-

and server software that runs on the host. The host manages the communications protocols and houses the pages and the related software required to create a web site on the Internet

• Web Browsers:– A web browser is a software package that enables a

user to display and interact with HTML documents hosted by web servers. It is the most commonly used kind of user agent. The largest networked collection of hypertext documents is known as the World Wide

Web.


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XPTools for creating HTML documents

• Notepad• MS-Word• Front Page• Dreamweaver


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XPQuestion

1. What is hyper text?

2. What is Web Server & Web Browser?

3. What is HTML?

4. What software program do you need to create an HTML page?


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XPAny Questions on Section-1.1