МАОУ ГИМНАЗИЯ С УГЛУБЛЕННЫМ ИЗУЧЕНИЕМ

ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ №21 г. ТЮМЕНЬ

Проектная работа

по английскому языку

Painting features of the English Renaissance

Выполнила: ученица 8А класса

Разиева Екатерина

Руководитель: Проскурина Елена Сергеевна

Тюмень 2021

CONTENTS

Introduction…………………………………………………………………….3-4

Chapter 1………………………………………………………………………..5-7

1.1. What is Renaissance? ………………………..……………………………....5

1.2. Characteristic features of the Renaissance…………………………….…5-6

1.3. Famous Renaissance artists…………………………………………..........6-7

Chapter 2…………………………………………………………………......….8-9

2.1. The Northern Renaissance and it’s characteristic………............................8

2.2. Characteristic features of English renaissance……………………..……8-9

2.3. English Renaissance artists ………………………………...….…………….9

Chapter 3……………………………………………………………..………..…10

3.1. A personal example of drawing in the Northern Renaissance style..........10

Conclusion…..………………………………………………………..…………..11

Bibliography……………………………………………………………..…...…..12

Appendix………………………………………………………………..…….13-16

Introduction.

Renaissance art, along with the Renaissance Humanist philosophy, spread

throughout Europe influencing both artists and their patrons with the development

of new techniques and new artistic sensibilities. Notable artists of Renaissance

include among others Botticelli, Mantegna and Titian for the Early Renaissance,

and Michelangelo, Leonardo and Raphael for the Late Renaissance. Discover more

about the movement in the History of Renaissance. [3]

The English Renaissance was a cultural movement in England beginning from late

15th – early 16th century to the early 17th century. It is related with the

Renaissance movement in Italy during the late 14th century. Like much of the

northern Europe, England experienced very few of these developments until more

than a 100 years later. [2]

The purpose of the research is: learn how to draw paintings in the Renaissance

style from the example of English painters.

The objectives:

1) To explain the meaning of the definition the Renaissance.

2) To identify distinctive features of the Renaissance painting.

3) To find out the influence of the Renaissance on England.

4) To compare the Renaissance style with the Northern Renaissance style

5) To create the own artwork in the Northern Renaissance style

The relevance of the research is: possibility of using the project drawing in the

lessons of ISO as a teaching material.3

The methods of the research are:

1) Theoretical analysis of literature.

2) Comparison and generalization of known facts.

3) Systematization of material.

4

Chapter 1.

1.1. What is Renaissance?

The Renaissance is an artistic movement that developed in Italy in the 14th

century and spread throughout Europe reaching its peak in the 16th century with

the arts of the Italian masters as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.

The Renaissance is a French word, which means "rebirth". This definition

indicates the period that came after Medievalism and demonstrated the humanistic

revival of classical art. Moving away from the religious atmosphere that dominated

the Middle Age, the Renaissance artists turned their attention to the beauty and

mystery of the natural world and to the individual man, who was considered the

centre of this new era. [3]

1.2. Characteristic features of the Renaissance

The Renaissance developed when Humanism, the philosophy that focused on

human interests and needs, considering people rational beings, was spreading

throughout Italy and Europe. It followed the Middle Ages when art was almost

exclusively religious and although a religious view of the world continued to play

an important role in art, in Renaissance there was a growing interest in the natural

world and in the individual human being. In their canvas amongst religious themes,

Renaissance artists also included other subjects such as Greek and Roman

mythology, history and portraits of individuals. The main aim was to represent

subjects not in an idealistic vision, as it was the case in Medievalism (i.e. the

period before Renaissance) but in a more humanistic way. The focus on the human

body, which led artists like Leonardo to study human anatomy in detail, allowed

them to paint figures that looked human and real. The bodies of Christ and other

religious figures have no ideals and sacred connotations, but instead they

emphasise the dignity and worth of the person. [3]

5

This new trend towards realism in the arts, which characterised Renaissance

art, was expressed also by the development of new artistic techniques that allowed

the painting's subjects and background to look like real: from the Sfumato painting

technique of Leonardo da Vinci to the birth of perspective by Brunelleschi.

According to these declarations, Renaissance art can be summarised in three

major points:

1.) Formulation of the rules of linear perspective that organized the unitary

space;

2.) Focus on the human being as an individual, both on its anatomy and on the

representation of emotions;

3.) Rejection of the decorative elements and return to the essential.

1.3. Famous Renaissance artists

1.) Sandro Botticelli

Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, better known as Sandro Botticelli

(1445 – May 17, 1510), was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. He

belonged to the Florentine school under the patronage of Lorenzo de' Medici, a

movement that Giorgio Vasari would characterize less than a hundred years later

as a "golden age", a thought, suitably enough, he expressed at the head of his Vita

of Botticelli. Botticelli's posthumous reputation suffered until the late 19th century;

since then his work has been seen to represent the linear grace of Early

Renaissance painting. Among his best known works are The Birth of Venus and

Primavera. (1,2). [3]

2.) Michelangelo

Painter, on panel and in fresco, sculptor and architect, writer of sonnets,

Michelangelo Buonarroti was the first artist recognised by contemporaries as a

genius. Hero of the High Renaissance. He was the only artist of whom it was

6

claimed in his lifetime that he surpassed Antiquity. He was born in Caprese in the

1470s and trained first as a painter with Ghirlandaio, and then as a sculptor under

the patronage of Lorenzo de' Medici. In 1496, already known as sculptor, he went

to Rome, where he carved the 'Pietà' for St Peter's. Back in Florence in 1501 he

began work on many sculptural and painterly projects most of which were left

unfinished in 1505, when he was summoned to Rome to begin work on a sculpted

tomb for Pope Julius II, a project that dogged him until 1545. From 1508 to 1512

he painted the vault of the Sistine Chapel with scenes from the Old Testament,

from the Creation to the Story of Noah. Immediately celebrated, the Sistine Chapel

ceiling, with its innumerable figures in complex, twisting poses and its exuberant

use of colour, is the chief source of the Mannerist style. (3,4). [3]

3.) Hieronymus Bosch

Hieronymus Bosch born Jheronimus van Aken (1450 – 9 August 1516) was

an Early Netherlandish painter. His work is known for its use of fantastic imagery

to illustrate moral and religious concepts and narratives. Within his lifetime his

work was collected in the Netherlands, Austria, and Spain, and widely copied,

especially his macabre and nightmarish depictions of hell. (5,6). [3]

7

Chapter 2

2.1. The Northern Renaissance and it’s characteristic

The Renaissance was a major cultural milestone in the development of

European civilization. At the end of the fifteenth and beginning of the sixteenth

centuries, Italy, which gave the world Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael,

spread its influence almost throughout Europe. Thus, almost a century later, the

Northern Renaissance was born, combining triumphant humanism and

hyperborean austerity.

The first countries to turn to Renaissance ideals were Germany and the

Netherlands. Then the Northern Renaissance spread to France, England,

Switzerland, and Spain.

Britain very late developed a distinctive Renaissance style (late 15th to the

early 17th century), and most artists were imported by foreigners, usually from the

Low Countries. The exception was the portrait miniature, which artists developed

into a distinctive genre.

The main differences between the Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance

are: greater influence of Gothic art, less attention to the study of anatomy and

antique heritage, particular attention to the portrait genre, careful and detailed

writing technique. In addition, an important ideological component was the

Reformation of the Catholic Church. [6]

2.2. Characteristic features of English renaissance

In the fine arts of England, as pointed out above, the portrait occupied the

leading position. The portrait originated in medieval English art - in sculptural

tombstones, in book miniatures. Portraits are remarkable for their peculiar realism:

they are devoid of any stereotypes, with individualised features and a variety of

details. The appearance in England of easel painting portraits marked by realistic

quests dates to the end of the 15th century. These are a portrait of Henry VII, the

8

founder of the Tudor dynasty, and a portrait of his mother, Margaret Beaufort, in

her youth (both in the National Portrait Gallery in London). The portrait of

Margaret Beaufort (7,8), which echoes in some of its features the miniature, is very

interesting. This work retains much of the external medieval decorum - the

prayerful pose, the introduction of the family coat of arms into the composition, as

well as the flat treatment of forms - but the canonical stillness and

representativeness of the image are completely overcome. In the free tilt of the

head, in the expression of the fragile outline of a thoughtful face, not devoid of

sensual charm, one can see the desire to show vivid human features and impulses.

[7]

2.3. English Renaissance artists

Isaac Oliver (c. 1562-1617),

In general, the artist's work took place within the Baroque framework that

prevailed in England at the time. Nevertheless, Isaac Oliver's work is characterized

by a realistic style, in which the influence of Italian and Flemish art can be seen.

The depiction of a character often occupies only a small part of a miniature, and

great attention is paid to details of costume, armor, jewelry, and other accessories,

which pursues a decorative purpose (9.). The artist rarely used the symbolism and

allegory characteristic of Elizabethan painting, which gives ambiguity and mystery

to some of his portraits. [7]

Nicholas Hilliard. (c. 1547-1619), was an English painter, jeweler, and

manuscript illustrator, famous for his portrait miniatures depicting the courtiers of

Elizabeth and James I. For the most part he painted small circular miniatures, but

among his works there are also some large (about 15 cm) (10.) [7]

9

Chapter 3

3.1. A personal example of drawing in the Northern Renaissance style

The main aim of this project work is a creation of an art in the Northern

Renaissance style. My work is a portrait of a famous English actress Helena

Bonham Carter”. The Portrait has the leading characteristics of English

Renaissance.

My inspiration was the character of this actress in the film “Dark shadows”

Dr. Julia Hoffman.(11) She is very charismatic hero and through its image people

can convey her personality and inner the world. This is one of the main rules of

renaissance painting.

During working on this portrait, I used such features of the Northern

Renaissance painting as:

1.) The Gothic art style;

2.) Particular attention to the portrait genre, careful and detailed writing

technique;

3.) The mastery of illusionistic painting techniques, maximizing 'depth' in a

picture, including: linear perspective, foreshortening and, later, quadrature;

4.) The naturalistic realism of its faces;

5.) The Individualism which can show individual people instead of groups.

10

Conclusion.

The Renaissance was a time of а cardinal rebirth. A various changes were in

every sphere of life (thoughts, art, science, religion, politics). A huge number of

artists, philosophers and writers made their own contribution in the developing of

the Renaissance by creating new ways of thinking and presenting their thoughts to

the world. The influence, which was made by these people was important not only

to the Renaissance, but to all of us as well. English culture was changed by the

creation of a new style, known as the Northern Renaissance.

As you can see, the English Renaissance was a very inspirational and life

changing period of time. Lots of individuals stood out above the rest and changed

the way humans live forever. It started a chain reaction of constant changes to the

average human lifestyle. This time period was probably one of the most incredible

events in the entire history of the world. It started a new way of living and inspired

other individuals to do something great for the world.

11

Bibliography.

History.com [1]

ttps://divitapandey.wordpress.com/2014/1h0/06/english-renaissance-art-and-

fashion-of-the-period/ [2]

https://useum.org/Renaissance/What-is-Renaissance [3]

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/britlit1/chapter/english-renaissance/ [4]

https://sites.google.com/a/nsdtitans.org/r-j-research-2a/2---english-renaissance [5]

https://artchive.ru/encyclopedia/3771~Northern_Renaissance [6]

https://balandina-j.livejournal.com/6330.html [7]

12

Appendix.

(1.) «The Birth of Venus» Sandro Botticelli

(2.) «Primavera» Sandro Botticelli

(3.) «The Last Judgment» Michelangelo

13

(4.) «The Creation of Adam» Michelangelo

(5.) «The Garden of Earthly Delights» Hieronymus Bosch

(6.) «The Temptation of St Anthony» Hieronymus Bosch

14

(7.) portrait of Henry VII (8.) portrait of Margaret Beaufort

(9.) “Sir Edward Herbert, Later 1st Lord Herbert of Cherbury” Isaak Oliver

15

(10.) Nicholas Hilliard. “A young man among the roses” 1587 miniature.

16

(11.) Project work by Kate Razieva

17

18