report to come

Title

Keywords

Elephant

conservation

food crop

human-wildlife conflict

Elephant pepper - Chili as a Tool for Conservation and Development

Description

Background/ Problem

Only 20% of elephant range is formally protected in Africa and increasingly, rural farmers and elephants share the same landscape as agriculture expands and growing elephant populations are compressed.In this situation elephants can cause widespread damage to food crops and compete with communities for land and resources. In some situations elephants are part of the causes of malnutrition in communities where elephants raid night after night. Conversely, the conversion of woodland to farmland threatens the elephant's survival thus managing agriculture and elephants within the same area presents a complex problem.

DescriptionOutline Methodology

Implementation

EPDT resolves human-wildlife conflict through research, education, and dissemination of community-based problem animal control methods and agricultural techniques that are safe, low-cost, effective and promote elephant conservation and the livelihood of farmers:1) Developing strategies with farmers to deter elephants at night 2) Creating buffer zones between agriculture and elephant habitat 3) Erecting simple barriers (string fences) that farmers could hang cow bells on to act as alarms and coat with a chilli infused grease 4) Burn chilli briquettes around the fields These methods were further refined and then taught to farmers in other areas. By growing chillies and using them as a deterrent, farmers were able to defend themselves. The Trust was set up to train farmers in these methods and to identify markets for the excess chilli grown by farmers living in elephant range.

Description

Results

Indicators

In the trials chilli was less vulnerable to large mammalian predation than either cotton or maize. Ten farmers chose to grow chilli and it generated the greatest income per ha of all the crops because of its high yield and high market value. The mean income was limited only by the small area currently under cultivation. These results indicate the potential of chilli as a wildlife resistant cash crop for farmers living in high conflict areas. The crop-raiding animals identified in this study are all notorious crop pests, including livestock, whose impact can be considerable (Bell, 1984; Naughton-Treves,1997). Elephants did not visit the trial site despite being a significant crop predator in the area, but their crop-raiding patterns are notoriously unpredictable (Naughton-Treves, 1998) and so little can be inferred from this result. (Parker and Osborn, 2006) Elephant Pepper Development Trust (EPDT) selected African Spices Ltd. to act as a for-profit facilitator between a collection of communal farmers who normally harvest small amounts of cash and food crops.

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Indicators

Lead Organization Elephant Pepper Development Trust (EPDT)

Project Start Date2003

Project End Date ongoing

Countries Zm Bw Zw Ke Na

Regions

References

several research papers related to the project available under:http://www.elephantpepper.org/downloads.html

Scientific paper

References

Related projects/articles

Project summary report

Related projects/articles

Contacts Ferrel Osborn [loki@elephantpepper.org]

Comments (Future Developments; Awards)

complete no response

Tawaya - Murmuru butter and soaps

Capacity building Sustainable production

sustainable development Rain Forest preservation

biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation Business

community engagement Amazon

small business natural product

Habitats and Handbags - “Sustainable conservation and community development of Phu My Lepironia grassland”

The perceived conflict between development and conservation is a key issue in the Ha Tien Plain, which is the last of its kind remaining in the Mekong Delta. The 2,000-hectare seasonally inundated grassland, dominated by the sedge Lepironia articulata (Cyperaceae), supports a mosaic of grassland, wetland and limestone ecosystems with a rich biodiversity including a population of the tallest flying bird, the Eastern Sarus crane, listed as ‘vulnerable’ by IUCN due to wetland loss. Over the last 20 years, economic development such as agro-forestry (22,000 hectares of abandoned Eucalyptus plantation), rice (extremely low yield) and ongoing shrimp aquaculture (highly acidic water requiring constant neutralization) in the area, classified by the government as ‘unproductive’ in its natural state, has mainly failed. The resulting monocultures have destroyed 98% of the Plain’s natural habitat. Apart from that, the area provides an economic base to the Khmer ethnic minority, who harvest Lepironia for production of woven goods, which currently have a low profit margin. This leads to an unsustainable harvest.

Tawaya is located in Cruzeiro do Sul, in the State of Acre, Brazil, on the Juruá river, which is one of the major tributaries of the river Amazon. The major part of Acre is covered by native rain forest of which 47.8% are conservation areas of some kind, such as Indian reserves, extractive reserves, national forests and national parks. In 1999 deforestation in the state was around 11%. Natural rubber production was the most important activity until 1995. When rubber prices dropped, its production came to an end and the major part of the land was practically abandoned by its owners. Only part of the traditional population remained, turned to agriculture or fishing. While Amazonian rubber tree plantations were widely recognized to be a sustainable system (environmentally correct though socially unfair), unsustainable practices were carried out after the breakdown of the rubber industry such as deforestation and slash-and-burn in order to open pastures and agricultural land. The absence of economic activities based on the sustainable use of the forest caused many locals to migrate to towns, starting a process of family disintegration.

The project’s goal is to implement an innovative multi-use conservation-business model based on sustainable management principles. The conservation priority of the project is to preserve the unique, biodiversity-rich wetland remaining in Phu My Village, thereby saving the endangered sarus crane from extinction. The main social priority is to ensure that the use of natural capital benefits local people by maximizing their income through improved harvesting techniques, skills and training which will allow the Khmer to craft higher value woven goods, such as handbags that will make a better price on the tourist markets in Ho Chi Minh City. The goal for the project is to be self sustained financially since the production of handicrafts can bring a certain amount of income for project management. The project began by first collaborating with Kien Giang provincial authority to create protection status for the Phu My wetland. Unlike other "traditional" protected areas the access of local people to natural resources continued but was re-organized in a more sustainable way.

The company specializes in the production of no preservative soap, handmade from fat extracted from the nuts of murmuru harvested in the rainforest where it naturally grows. Tawaya does not buy raw material from middlemen and keeps a direct relationship with fruit suppliers, assuring that a significant part of the income generated by the sale of products really goes back into their hands. Tawaya manufactures all products in the state of Acre, from fruit native to the area, generating jobs both in town and in the forest. Furthermore they produce wooden boxes from fallen wood and essential oils. Tawaya has a register of the geographical coordinates and quantity bought in each purchase operation. Thereby they identify the main productive areas and plan their management, thus avoiding excessive exploitation of the environmentThe permanence of Juruá river people in the area are extremely important for environmental conservation, since it prevents the expansion of activities that destroy the forest such as logging and cattle grazing.

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

Access and Benefit Sharing

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

The Kien Giang authority formally recognized Phu My wetland as a protected area which was also included in the Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve being nominated to UNESCO by the Government of Vietnam. The exploitation of natural is organized in a more sustainable way: in-discriminate harvest techniques were banned; the volume of harvested raw material was reduced and major disturbances prevented to some extent by cooperating closely with the local community and authorities which now actively participate in protecting wetland boundaries and in making management decisions. Monitoring and eradication of invasive alien are carried out regularly. The average daily income project participants doubled and the project employed 57% of local families (as at 2006). Thus, the economic value of the area has been demonstrated and the incentive to conserve it has been established. The annual crane count (ICF) counted 5 cranes in 2004 while the number increased to 200 (1/5 of the world population) in 2008 according to the project manager. A biodiversity survey was completed (Summary in English).

Murmuru exploitation appears now as a new source of income and the government of the State of Acre and of the State of Amazonas have been working together with Tawaya to create legal areas for exploitation.400 families, that is 2000 people in total, benefit from collecting murmuru nuts. Tawaya's business activities contribute to sustainable management of approximately 50.000 hectares of rainforest.' (source: Amazon Your Business)

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Coverage of protected areas

Tawaya

2004 1996

still running ongoing

Vn Brazil

Phu My Village, Kien Giang Province Western Amazon

International Crane Foundation; funded by International Finance Corporation, World Bank

DM Project Completion Report Business Website: Information available in English: http://www.tawaya.com.br/english/home_ing.php#dois

Tran Triet & Richard Caines. 2007. Towards sustainable rural development: combining biodiversity conservation with poverty alleviation – a case study in Phu My Village, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. In: Morioka, T., K. Hakuri & H. Yabar (editors). Transition to a resource-circulating society: strategies and initiatives in Asia. Osaka University Press, pp: 181-190.Amazon Your Business', Meindert Brouwer, 2007, www.amazonyourbusiness.nl

Short Project Description: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/OPPORTUNITIES/GRANTS/

DEVMARKETPLACE/0,,contentMDK:21431216~pagePK:180691~piPK:246778~theSitePK:205098

,00.html

Summary of Biodiversity Survey

Project manager Tran Triet: ttriet@gmail.com

Fabio F. Dias, Director, Tawaya Sabonetes Rua do Madeira, 1.001 - COHAB

69980-000 - Cruzeiro do Sul - AC - BrazilTel. +55(68)3322.52.21

sabonetes@tawaya.com.br

Future Developments:‘The project completed a market analysis upon which a business plan is going to be developed. The goal is for the project to be self-sustained financially. It becomes obvious that to balance business and conservation, it is critical to provide raw materials for Lepironia handicraft production from outside of the project area. The project will work with local people to increase Lepironia plantations in the surrounding areas. Those plantings will be on rice fields that are not suitable for rice (because of high soil acidity). Those rice fields were developed from lands which were once Lepironia marshes.’ (Tran Triet, project manager, personal communication)

Won Dubai Best Practice Award 2006

mention that this project is focusing on empowering Swazi women that harvest marula nuts. Here is the link to their website: http://www.swazisecrets.com/

complete complete

The Duck Ranger - Rice- Duck Systems

Mining Agriculture

Technology Innovation Soil Degradation

Developing countries Pesticides

Deforestation Biological control

Poverty Alleviation Small scale farmers

Artminers - Cutting Release of Mercury by applying new technology CLEANGOLD

95% of all gold mined today is not nuggets, it is dust. 25% of gold produced today comes from artisanal and small scale miners in developing nations. Instead of cyanide, most of these miners are using mercury, which acts like a magnet while binding with the gold forming an amalgam. Finally, before the gold goes to market, the amalgam is heated to burn off the mercury concentrating the gold. When heated mercury volatilizes, it forms a toxic gas. Mercury's toxicity has been shown to cause both neurological and developmental problems and it bioaccumulates in the ecosystem. Thus, the vaporized mercury initially affects the miners and their families, and then continues to build up along the food chain concentrating in the larger fish and birds, eventually finding its way back to the people. Based on a 2002 report, the WWF estimated that between 10-30 tons of mercury are released in the Madre de Dios region each year while the miners in Suriname are releasing as much mercury as they're capturing in gold, roughly 10 -20 tons per year.

Rice farming and raising mallard ducks are important livelihoods in the Philippines, and both are seriously affected by the presence of the golden snail. In lake areas, where mallard ducks are farmed, the disappearance of this indigenous snail due to pollution and dredging is a problem as the snails are an important food source for the ducks. Where snail populations have been depleted, farmers must rely on expensive commercial feed. On the other hand, where rice cultivation is the main livelihood, golden snail infestations can destroy of up to 60 percent of a crop. Rice farmers rely on chemical inputs like molluscicide, fertilizer, insecticide and herbicide - resulting in environmental degradation and significantly increasing the cost of production.

The goal was to introduce technologies that eliminate the need for mercury (Hg) during the mining process. The Cleangold sluice offers an affordable, non-motorized, simple and non-chemical alternative to mercury and cyanide. The CleanGold ® process involves two parts. The first is to insert an array of panels into the sluice of each mining dredge. The panels are a material patented by David Plath that attracts and collects mineral concentrates containing gold as they pass over the panels. The second part relies on a modified version of panning techniques used by gold miners for more than 100 years. One benefit of this technology is that it requires very few changes to how miners already mine gold.Based on preliminary testing, the CleanGold ® process was also more efficient recovering a higher percentage of the finer gold particles, gold that is missed using current mining methods. It is estimated that each miner's initial investment from their purchase of CleanGold ® equipment will be paid for in less than three months.

The project wants to reduce environmental degradation from pesticide use and increase farm income by raising ducks and cultivating rice together in an integrated system. Traditionally, rice and ducks are raised separately, but significant gains can be realized by raising both in the same field. The ducks can control the golden snail population which will in turn improve rice field productivity. Duck farmers will benefit from cheaper duck feed, while rice farmers will gain from an environmentally friendly and inexpensive way to fight the destructive snail. The rice-duck model is comprised of at least 1 hectare of rice field, 100 Mallard ducks, and a duck shed (100 sq ft floor space) built on elevated area near the farm house, which is called “Duck Ranger” and moves the duck from one place to another. Furthermore, the rice-duck model works with a built-in rice-duck calendar with which the farmers are taking advantage of the available feed resources by proper scheduling of farm activities.

Water quality of aquatic ecosystems

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

Artminers first introduced their technology in Suriname, but are expanding to other countries in Africa, Asia and in South America. Detailed results listed here concentrate on Suriname as the pilot project. Artminers directly introduced Cleangold to roughly 400 miners in Suriname's two largest gold mining sectors and conducted workshops in remote regions. They successfully installed Cleangold adaptations to miners' current practices and designed a system to profitably rework abandoned mine sites. Thereby gold and mercury that otherwise might have been lost to the environment is recovered and deforestation, manpower and operational costs are reduced. Moreover, women in remote villages now have a new source of income generation and individual miners are generating income (as opposed to working under larger operations). One of Suriname's major mining retailers is now carrying their products. Moreover an international market for ‘clean’ gold has been organized. As the number of clean gold miners increases, their capacity to earn more money improves.

The project has established 4 rice-duck zones (RDZs) with pilot sites located in Victoria, Siniloan, Sta Cruz, Laguna and San Pablo City., benefiting 100 farmers. The project improved farm productivity and increased income of the farmers. Cost and returns analysis showed an additional net income of US$ 1,152 for a rice-duck practitioner per year. Moreover, the cost of production were reduced (US$ 87 per year = equivalent to 4 liters of chemical pesticides) and savings of about 30% on cost of feeds occurred. Economic activities in the area increased by creating jobs in duck raising, duck herding, feed retailing, duck and egg trading, etc. The need for molluscicide application was reduced by as much as 100% and the use of insecticide and herbicide was substantially reduced. Although the project intended to reduce the use of fertilizers because of duck manure, most of the farmers applied the same amount of fertilizers as before joining the project. Paddy fields and the surroundings served as good feeding grounds for ducks. Hence, feeding the ducks only required minimal cost.

Area of forest, agricultural, aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

US NGO Artminers University of the Philippines at Los Baños

2002 2005

ongoing 2007

sr Pe Mg Ph

http://www.artminers.org/artminers/welcome.html Development Marketplace Project Webpage: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/OPPORTUNITIES/GRANTS/DEVMARKETPLACE/0,,contentMDK:21430185~pagePK:180691~piPK:246778~theSitePK:205098,00.html

DM Project Completion Report DM Project Completion Report 05

newsletter ACEER Peru with good explanation of how the technology works Progress report on impact of project

WWF Report Guiana

University of British Colombia: Presentation on alternative technologies for small scale gold miners: also presents data on health effects of Hg and neuropsychological tests done on workers Project: 'Aquaculture and rice pads' in Bangladesh:

http://www.handsontv.info/series5/08_HighTide_reports/report2.html

Director, Artminers.org: Kristina Shafer:shaferk@comcast.net or info@artminers.org;

alternatively: david@cleangold.com

Recotrino P. Escobin, Jr.

recescobin@yahoo.com

Development Marketplace 2005 Winner ; World Wildlife Fund and UNIDO have independently verified the efficacy of Cleangold and also revealed that Cleangold recovers smaller gold than mercury, which means a higher yield of gold without the continued expense of mercury.

Development Marketplace Winner 2005, Finalist in 2006 Dubai Award on Best Practice Future Development:A proposal for upscaling the project has been forwarded to the Department of Agriculture (DA) and Local Government Units (LGUs) to replicate the Project in the Philippines where there are vast lands of rice fields facing similar problems of golden snail infestation. Meanwhile, the project managers will keep on monitoring and assisting the existing 4 RDZs, making sure that they remain to be fully functional

new report to look trough complete

Saving the Albatross Protecting the Environment: Profiting from Garbage

Fisheries Recycling

By-catch mitigation Urban Environment

Pollution Reduction

Poverty Alleviation

Plastic

A study of trawl fishing in South Africa suggests that around 18,000 seabirds may be killed annually in this fishery, highlighting trawl fisheries as a major threat to seabirds, especially several species of albatross already facing a risk of extinction. The majority of bird deaths were a result of collisions with wires - known as warp lines - leading from the stern of the vessels. Fisheries, including long-lining and trawling, are believed to kill 100,000 albatrosses annually. Eighteen of the world's 22 species of albatross are facing extinction, and bycatch in fisheries is the most significant threat to the family worldwide. Potential solutions to reduce seabird mortality, such as improving waste management and using devices protecting warp cables from bird strikes, already exist.

Twenty thousand tons of plastic trash are chaotically spread about Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and its environs each year. Waste production is increasing, and 10% of it are plastic refuses (e.g. 20,000tons/year in Ouagadougou). These are polluting the soils used for agriculture and killing wild and domestic animals, damaging farmers’ and breeders’ activities, making local hygienic conditions worse for children and their families. It has been calculated that 30 percent of the area's animals died last year from ingesting plastic while grazing. The proliferation of plastic refuse is caused not only by people, but also by seasonal rains and winds. The result is that large amounts of plastics are everywhere. Furthermore, the semi-arid climate makes the natural degradation processes particularly slow. If people had an incentive to collect and recycle plastic refuse, the city and its environs could be cleaned up in no time. Average waste collection rates in African cities are usually very low (usually <40%).

BirdLife International believes addressing the problems requires a combination of implementing best-practice mitigation measures immediately, making such measures a requirement for appropriate fisheries and conducting research to improve mitigation measures. ATF has developed the world's first international team of by-catch mitigation instructors working with local fishermen, fishing company directors and governments to demonstrate and encourage best practise use of mitigation measures that are known to rapidly reduce seabird mortality once in use. ATF obtains a by-catch figure for each fishery, identifies the detail of the fishing techniques and gears used and then ascertains the most appropriate mitigation measures based on its assessments. The affect of a longline fishery on seabirds is measured by recording the number of seabirds killed per 1000 hooks set.

The main priority is to demonstrate that solving a dramatic environmental problem in African cities through the creation of a market-oriented, self-sustaining plastic recycling operation is in fact possible. The project wants to show that the real solution is to change people's behavior by working with sensitization activities and the physical location of the plastic recycling centre. As part of the public awareness and mobilization campaign, plastic refuse will be collected and sold for profit to the first plastic recycling center in the country, becoming a source of revenue for the poor. This “Green brigade” initiative aims at improving the city environment of Ouagadougou by providing secure employment to a group of 1200 women, most of whom are bread winners, to clean the streets and public spaces. Finally, the recycling center will start market-based production of recycled objects such as chairs, school equipment and waste baskets.

Ecological footprint and related concepts

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

According to the project manager there are indications of a reduction from 0.44 birds / 1000 hooks to 0.06 birds / 1000 hooks in South Africa, thanks to an increase of mitigation measure compliance, which is now at 99.5%. Developed and tested best practice measures include: 1. Bird scaring devices: Using a curtain of plastic streamers dangling from a piece of rope positioned over long lines scares seabirds away from baited hooks.2. Chute setting: Using underwater chutes from which to run the fishing lines out, so that the line goes into the water out of reach of the birds.3. Dyed Bait: Bait that has been dyed blue makes it harder for birds to see it in the water.4. Night setting of fishing lines: Most albatrosses feed by day.5. Using heavier weights: Weighting fishing lines so that the baited hooks sink more quickly.

Public awareness campaigns were organized on the risks and dangers of plastic waste and the benefits of recycling. Ouagadougou’s first recycling centre was built and is now fully operational (5 tons/month). It uses local resources, and appropriate technology that can be understood even where literacy levels are low. The recycling centre is managed and now run independently by 30 women and two technicians (all locals).Moreover, 1,500 direct employments have been established through the collection system and 120 km of street are cleaned. It is estimated that over 6,500 children have directly benefited from the program (school fees, health care, and family nutrition). Apart from the Waste Management Department of Ouagadougou, local authorities, organizations and enterprises decided to join the project. Thanks to an official twinning agreement between the city and Turin in Italy, which runs a decentralized cooperation program in West Africa, the Italian Government offered relevant financial and technical assistance. The environmental situation has improved noticeably.

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Lay Volunteers International Association (LVIA)

2000 (ATF) but 2007 for mitigation instructors Worldbank Project start in 2003, LVIA initiative started in 1997

ongoing official project end date in 2005, but is ongoing

Br Za Uy Ar Cl Na Bf Sn Mr

BirdLife International: Albatross Task Force (ATF) funded by the RSPB

http://www.savethealbatross.net/ Case Study in Delnet Publication (ITC/ILO) on page 19

Newsletter of the Global Seabird Programme: covers the ATF and numerous similar projects in different countriesProject Webpage in Italian: http://www.lvia.it/rassegna_plastica_burkina.htm

Albatros Taskforce 2007 Annual report Project Desription in Best Practice Database - UN Habitat

Short Project description DM - Worldbank: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/OPPORTUNITIES/GRANTS/DEVMARKETPLACE/0,,contentMDK:21427843~pagePK:180691~piPK:246778~theSitePK:205098,00.html

www.avesargentinas.org.ar/aa/index.html

www.bird.org.tw

Trawl fishing is on its way out in Venezuela: President Chavez amended new law that bans trawl fishing: http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=41902

Oli Yates [oli_yates@yahoo.co.uk]Co-ordinator

Albatross Task Force Andrea Micconilvia@lvia.it Email Correspondence with project manager with links and explanations

Project manager Oli Yates:"it will be unlikely that I can provide information bycatch rates in all the fisheries as we are still in the process of monitoring. To give figures now would introduce error to the results. However, I will detail countries and teams with bycatch figures and indicate how they have been determined plus what action we have been taking to achieve these reductions in bycatch plus what needs to be done to improve the current situation." waiting for report

Winner of the 2006 Dubai International Awards for Best Practices

complete report to come

Banking on oil - Credit for Safe Collection of Used Oil The grey partridge conservation project

Microfinance Ecoagriculture

water quality Critically Endangered Species

pollution Habitat Fragmentation

business Environmental Management

human health Farmer Cooperation

Every year Kenya generates 13 million litres of used lubricating oil from about 40 million litres of new oil. The used oil generated simply disappears from view - poured into sewers, spread on roads or dumped with other garbage. Most used oil eventually end up in the water system since there are no mechanisms in place to provide safe disposal which would ensure environmental sustainability.This threatens water supplies in Kenya. This problem is more acute in Nairobi. Mukuru-Ngong River, like many other rivers in Nairobi, is heavily polluted by used oil poorly disposed by Motor vehicle mechanics who derive a livelihood by repairing vehicles along the riverbanks. Poor slum households who live in the slums through which Mukuru-Ngong River flows, utilize the water from the river. The incidence of waterborne diseases among the slum households is high. According to the project manager, used engine oil accounts for almost 91 percent of oil pollutants in the riverand has therefore severely reduced the river's wildlife.

The grey partridge has been a very abundant bird in Central Europe until the 1960’s when agricultural practices were modernized and intensified. This resulting loss of heterogeneity, higher use of pesticides, fertilization of soils, etc. brought a decrease in habitat quality. Population numbers went down by 95 per cent making the grey partridge a critically endangered species (IUCN). For the county of Goettingen there were only circa 140 partridge territories found of which most of them are not connected.

This project is an incentive scheme which pioneers a novel approach of collecting and recycling waste engine oils. Motor vehicle mechanics earn

credit points for safe collection of used oils; credit points gained are redeemed by the mechanics in the form of cash, or accumulated as savings against which loan is obtained that in turn can be used to

improve their businesses. Thereby motor vehicle mechanics have an incentive to dispose used oil. An additive is then added to the collected

used oil in order to make the oil highly flammable. This improved used oil is then sold as low cost fuel to scrap metal smelters - who use it as low

cost fuel and to shoe sole manufacturers - who use it in the production of zinc oxide which is used in the manufacturing process. The project is an incentive scheme in which target participants make money and access

loans by trading pollutants hence curtailing poor disposal.

The project aims at raising the population level of grey partridge so that it becomes viable and stable in the long run. The crucial prerequisites are measures to enhance the quality of already available habitat and add additional areas suitable for the still existing population throughout the county. The ultimate idea of the project is to connect the now isolated populations in order to establish a population as a whole to also maintain genetic diversity. The large need of areas can be catered for by applying the Agricultural environmental procedures of the state of Niedersachsen, called ‘Bluehstreifen’ (3 to 24 meter wide areas in between crop fields with a high heterogeneity of plant species that offer habitat to different animals). However, these areas do not particularly aim on partridge conservation. Therefore, an optimization of the measures is needed and realized by the centre of nature conservation in cooperation with local farmers. Surveys on partridge abundance are carried out annually on 280 square kilometers in the county.

Water quality of aquatic ecosystems Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Connectivity - fragmentation of ecosystems

The project so far safely collected and recycled 251,000 liters of used engine oil from informal garages who would normally release the used oil into sewerage systems, the ground or the river. A community driven environmental governance initiative was established in which motor vehicle mechanics, slum members, local authorities and government departments come together for effective management of used oil. The project has also managed to involve major fuel retailers (Caltex, Total and Kobil) which dispose a proportion of used oil generated in their lube stations through the project’s systems. As for the economic and social impact, a total of 54,000 $ has been lent to the community and mechanics as low cost loans. A net sale of approx. 30,650 $ has been generated through sales of used oil. This amount has been given out as micro loans to mechanics and households involved in oil collection. A total of 144 mechanics are increasing their incomes from sale of used oil to the program. Therefore an incentive to make money out of this pollutant has been created since used oil was worthless to most people before.

The considerable need for plots is met to a growing extent by contributing farmers who welcomed the advisory service on environmental regulations. Thus, intensive counsel effected management towards nature conservation being carried out on several hundred plots, amounting to a total area of ca. 500 hectares. Management towards partridge conservation appears to run well, with applied seed mixtures generating suitable vegetation. As to vegetation structure and heterogeneity, most plots seem to have improved in the second year. The grey partridge population increased to 372 pairs in comparison to 277 pairs in 2007. Many sightings have been reported to the project managers from the 1.000 established areas. A new mapping will be done in February 2009.

Further, up-to-date results to come at the end of October…

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Enterprise Professional Services (EPS)

20052005

ongoing

Ke De

Mukuru-Ngong River rural district of Goettingen; state of Niedersachsen

Biologische Schutzgemeinschaft Göttingen e. V., University of Goettingen: Centre for nature conservation (Zentrum für Naturschutz der Universität Göttingen)

until population is established; for now planned period of project is 5 years

Project Website: http://www.epsprogram.org/index.php?id=416 Project report 2006 in German

Review of Legislation on used oil in Kenya Journal article on the project (2007); summary in English

Literature Review on Ngong River pollution

Applying the Ecosystem Approach to Biodiversity Conservation in Agricultural Landscapes

Project Manager: Collins Apuoyo c.apuoyo@epsprogram.org

Dr. Eckhard Gottschalk Georg-August-UniversitätZentrum für NaturschutzAbt. Naturschutzbiologie

Von-Siebold-Str. 237075 Göttingen

Tel: +49(0)551/395637Mail: egottsc1@gwdg.de

Development Marketplace Winner 2005

complete complete

Predator Conservation Removal of the Elwha and Glines Dams

Leopard Restoration

Predator - Livestock Conflict Dam Removal

Sustainable FarmingFragmentation of ecosystems

consumer campaignSalmon

Predator-friendly meat Policy change

Leopards (Cheetah) are rated as 'vulnerable' on a global scale by IUCN. According to official numbers there have been 25 leopards killed mostly in the region around Baviaanskloof in the last 5 years, predominantly through the use of gin traps and farmers hunting them. However, the problem is massive and widespread throughout the country, affecting all predators. The persecution of predators has had a dire impact on South Africa’s biodiversity and has illustrated a neglect of biodiversity conservation, and animal rights as well as welfare issues in the agricultural industry.

The Elwha is the largest watershed on the Olympic Peninsula and was once one of the most productive salmon streams in the Pacific Northwest, home to all five species of Pacific salmon. Furthermore, it has been the home of the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe since time immemorial. The construction of Elwha Dam (1913) and Glines Canyon Dam (1927),both built without fish passage facilities, to provide hydroelectric power devastated the river’s salmon runs, cutting salmon off from historic spawning habitat The dams prevent the downstream flow of important silt and other sediments, causing steady beach erosion at the river’s mouth and the loss of important historic clam beds. Even Puget Sound’s orca whales are suffering because of diminished salmon runs. In general, over 5 miles of river and 684 acres of lowland and forest habitat have been degraded. The river itself faces increased temperatures, reduced nutrients and reduced spawning gravels downstream. Populations of at least 22 species of wildlife, including the bald eagle and the black bear have declined due to a lack of salmon carcasses, an important source of food.

The Landmark Foundation strives to establish conservation land uses that are economically viable alternatives to anti-conservation activities. They are involved in tourism, recycling, reserve establishment, renewable energy and species conservation work. The predator conservation project engages in Leopard rescues, treatments and releases. They do research on leopards and the effectiveness of their interventions. They also provide farmers with holistic and acceptable means of reducing the conflicts between their economic practices and predators in the region especially through educational support. They lead a strong advocacy drive to outlaw gin and poison traps, and hunting dog packs from agricultural production, and to effect legislation changes to allow for the protection of predators on rangelands. Finally, they promote the establishment of environmentally friendly meat and fiber products and brands and a consumer campaign to force retailers and producers into using ecologically sustainable methods in managing farmer – predator conflicts.

The Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe was the first to call for the restoration of the river and its salmon. In addition to advocating for dam removal, the Tribe has lead habitat restoration efforts in the lower river, and operates a hatchery to maintain Elwha salmon runs. Removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dam will restore the Elwha to its natural, free-flowing condition and will once again allow fish access to over 70 river miles of habitat now protected within Olympic National Park. The restored, free-flowing river is estimated to produce approximately 390,000 salmon and steelhead in about 30 years, compared with less than 50,000 fish if the dams were fitted with upstream and downstream fish passage facilities. Dam removal will begin after the water quality protection facilities are complete. These projects will protect the drinking water and industrial water supply for Port Angeles and other Elwha water users. Removal of both the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams will occur simultaneously and is estimated to begin in 2012 and take approximately three years to complete.

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats Connectivity - fragmentation of ecosystems

Biodiversity for food and medicine

Water quality of aquatic ecosystems

Since the project began in 2004, 17 leopards out of 27 cases have been saved in a small area stretching from Uniondale in the Western Cape, to Addo National Park in the Eastern Cape, and mostly around the Baviaanskloof reserve. There is a voluntary collaboration of 10 veterinarians in the region. Habitats for predators are being expanded through the establishment of private nature reserves and collaboration with participating farmers which let to the incorporation of more than 120 000 hectares of farming land in their predator-friendly initiatives.12 Anatolian Shepherd Dogs have been introduced to livestock herds as well as Alpacas, more than 13 000 protective sheep collars, live traps and farmer extension advice. The publication of a practical farming manual on holistic, non lethal and ethical management by the Landmark Foundation (2008) will help changing farming practices. All partnering farmers have agreed to forgo the use of gin and poison traps.

Construction work has begun in earnest on the Port Angeles Water Treatment Plant and the Elwha Water Facilities project.Designs are being completed for additional mitigation projects also scheduled to be built over the next four years. These include an improved tribal fish hatchery that will meet the needs of the restoration project, a greenhouse for growing native plants to be used in restoring vegetation to the areas now inundated by reservoirs and mitigation for well owners and individual and tribal septic system owners along the river.

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Landmark Foundation National Park Service US Department of the Interior

2004 Elwha Restoration Project signed in 2004

ongoing 2015

Za Us

Eastern and Western Cape Olympic National Park

Project Report with pictures sent by Bool Smuts Project Homepage with extensive information:http://www.americanrivers.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AMR_Elwha

Woolworths Press Release on predator-friendly meat Progress Report by National Park Service: http://www.nps.gov/olym/parknews/elwha-restoration-project-update.htm

Landmark Foundation Homepage with many more projects: http://www.landmarkfoundation.org.za/index.htmlOfficial Elwha Restoration Documents: http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/elwha-restoration-docs.htm

Scientific articles, e.g. Winter 2008; Loomis 1996

Cheetah Conservation Botswana (Wildlife Conservation Network)

The Livestock Guarding Dog Program of Cheetah Conservation Fund Namibia

Dr Bool SmutsDirector

Landmark Foundation (NGO) PO Box 198

The Crags 6602www.landmarkfoundation.org.za; bool@landmarkfoundation.org.za

+27 (0)83 324 3344Landmark Foundation

Barb MaynesBarb_Maynes@nps.gov

Public Affairs SpecialistOlympic National Park600 East Park Avenue

Port Angeles, WA 98362

360-565-3005(fax) 360-565-3015

A hard copy of the “Practical farming manual on holistic, non lethal and ethical management” published by the foundation is available. The project manager Bool Smuts will be happy to send it on request.

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Komodo National Park Conservation

Water quality Coral recovery

Innovative approach Blast Fishing

Mussels Micro-credits

Scientific experiment alternative livelihoods

Ecosystem rehabilitation

Lake Dianchi Freshwater Biodiversity Restoration Project

Environmental improvements in China's plateau lakes are a major national priority, as demonstrated by the Government’s US$300 million Yunnan Environmental Project (including $125m support from World Bank). The six plateau lakes of Dianchi, Fuxian, Erhai, Yangtsunghai, Ilung and Tatunhai are known to contain exceptionally high endemism in many biological groups. But pollution from dumping of untreated wastewater and over fishing have led to declines and extinctions. As for the biggest of the lakes, Lake Dianchi (310 square kilometers), 21 of its 25 indigenous fish species are gone, having been supplanted by 31 alien species. Deterioration also affected local communities who depend on the lakes for drinking water, sanitation and food resources, notably affecting commercial fish stock, through accumulation of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. Yunnan has a population of 40 million; it is estimated that at least 10 million have some dependence on the lakes.

Komodo National Park (KNP), the last remaining habitat of the Komodo dragon, is widely recognized as an outstanding storehouse of globally significant terrestrial and marine biodiversity, situated in the heart of an area known to scientists and conservationists as the Coral Triangle, the global center of marine biodiversity and one of the world’s top priorities for marine conservation. Known threats to coral reefs in KNP include:- Destructive fishing methods (notably blast fishing), - Crown-of-thorns-starfish pests,- Mass bleaching events and anchoring damage,- Over-exploitation of fish and other organisms in and around KNP, which may affect the health of coral reefs through cascading effects in the trophic web.The Indonesian Park authority focused conservation management on protection of the Komodo dragon, and invited The Nature Conservancy in 1995 to help implementing a conservation program for coastal and marine conservation targets.

This project builds on pilot trials. It introduced native mussels into experimental sites at lakes Dianchi, Erhai and Fuxian and investigated propagating native mussels for future scaling up. Mussels filter 50 litres of water per day, clearing water as they consume particulate organic matter and algae and depositing other suspended solids onto the lake bed. As water clarity improves, native macrophytic plants re-establish themselves providing habitat for many native invertebrates, which in turn support diverse fish communities. The project team hopes to demonstrate the widespread utility of the novel technique, which could be replicated in many of the world’s polluted freshwaters, to remediate polluted waters important for biodiversity and household use.

KNP wants to establish a fully protected terrestrial and marine reserve. It wants to create an efficient surveillance system to prevent illegal resource use and destructive fishing. By effectively enforcing the no-take fishing zones, fishing will be sustained around the Park. Moreover KNP wants to ensure the long-term survival of the Komodo dragon as well as the sustainable use of the Park’s resources for tourism, education, research and livelihood by offering various options to shift fishing pressure away from the reefs by offering alternatives such as fish culture, pelagic fisheries, seaweed culture, wood carving and other home industries have been. In 2005, TNC handed over its operations to a local company, PNK (Putri Naga Komodo), whose shareholders (TNC and Jaytasha Putrindo Utama/JPU) agreed not to take any profits in the form of dividends but, reinvest all profits back into the Park. PNK’s strategy is to generate tourism revenues to finance park management through a 30-year license granted to PNK by the Ministry of Forestry, which authorized PNK to establish a conservation fee.

Water quality of aquatic ecosystems

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

In the Xialiangwang experimental pond on Dianchi’s eastern edge, three flagship species: golden-line barbels, Ottelia (Ottelia acuminata), and mussels (Anodonta woodiana) have been reconstituted. A single A. woodiana can filter 50 liters of water a day, helping Ottelia flourish. The Ottelia thwart eutrophication by shading out algae, while golden-line barbels host A. woodiana larvae. The breeding center has begun selling limited quantities of golden-line barbells to wealthy customers for more than $100 per kilogram. If the fish were to flourish in Dianchi, fishers could earn more money from golden-line barbels than from carp, the present favorite catch. Furthermore, locals could supplement their incomes by harvesting Ottelia stems for human consumption and its leaves for animal feed.

Blast fishing incidence in the Park decreased by ca. 90% since it was effectively banned in 1996. Between 1996-2002, live coral cover within the park increased by 60 %, while it decreased outside of KNP between 2000-2002. In 2006 the monitoring showed a within KNP. The apparent decline is relatively small and does not indicate coral decline throughout KNP - indeed some sites showed an increase over this period. In addition, the Rapid Ecological Assessment done in 2005 included a comparison with the 1995 data and showed that the health and biodiversity of KNP coral communities was comparable between 1995 - 2005 which also indicates effective management (Lead TNC scientist). The fish species richness was confirmed and reinforced during the 2005 assessment. The data suggest that the fish communities appear to exhibit stable characteristics. As for viable alternative livelihoods for Park villagers, PNK set up 3 village-based financial management units and began distributing micro funds. By the end of 2007, PNK had approved 150 micro-credit proposals for activities such as handicrafts, trading, fishing and seaweed farming projects.

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

2006 1995 (TNC was invited to support conservation efforts)

2008 ongoing

Cn Id

Komodo National Park

Cambridge Environmental Consultants (CEC) Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ)

Komodo National Park Authority until 2005, now management by local company, PT Putri Naga Komodo; supported by TNC, GEF, IFC

Project Homepage A Rapid Ecological Assessment of the reef fishes and scleractinian corals of Komodo National Park, Indonesia in 2005.

Development Marketplace Site (World Bank) on the Project PNK-Making a difference in Komodo

Science article about the project: 'From Remarkable RescueTo Restoration of Lost Habitat'Project Website

Development -Marketplace Report Status of coral reefs in and aroundKomodo National Park –Results of a bi-annual surveyover the period 1996 – 2002, with an update ofthe status in 2006

Summary of key research results for komodo dragon

Project Manager: David Aldridged.aldridge@zoo.cam.ac.uk

Marcus Matthews-Sawyer Senior Advisor: Tourism, Marketing & Communications Jalan

Pengembak No. 2 Sanur, Bali, 80228, IndonesiaT: +62-361-287-272 | F : +62-361-286-445 | M : +62-812-

387-7884 marcus@putrinagakomodo.com | gokomodo.org |

komodonationalpark.org for scientific questions regarding the interpretation of monitoring data

contact: Joanne Wilson [joanne_wilson@tnc.org]

Development Marketplace Winner 2006

Future Developments

Future sampling of KNP and other TNC sites in Indonesia will use an updated method which is still consistent with this sampling but reflects recently developed international standards for coral reef monitoring (so we will still be able to compare the results). We plan to resample KNP and provide an update later in 2009 on the results. PNK is also making preparations for the implementation of a new terrestrial monitoring program for Komodo dragons, their prey populations and key habitats in the Park. Dr. Andy Phillips from San Diego Zoo, who sits on PNK’s Board of Commissioners, has provided valuable technical advice on the program and will continue to be involved as an advisor on the project.

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Campi Ya Kanzi Malua Wildlife Habitat Conservation Bank

Maasai community New Business Model

Wildlife conservation Biodiversity Certificates

Ecotourism Rainforest Conservation

Compensation scheme

Human-Predator Conflicts

The ecolodge Campi ya Kanzi is located in front of Kiliamanjaro, has 400 square miles of land, and is occupied by a few thousand Maasai. The land is rich in wildlife since it adjoins Tsavo West National Park, Chyulu National Park and Amboseli National Park. Animals are fully protected in these National Parks, and they use the property as a corridor connecting the Parks. Habitats range from the grasslands of the savanna to green river woodlands and cool mountain forests. The Maasai have traditionally lived in harmony with their land. For centuries, Maasailand was defended from outsiders by the majestic and fierce Maasai warriors. Thus, Maasailand has remained one of the few unspoiled African ecosystems. However, the current threats to the ecosystem and to the Maasai way of life are proceeding at a stunning rate. These include, overgrazing the grassland, diversion of water essential for wildlife, subdivision and land sales to non-Maasai, poaching for game meat, deforestation, and predator-human conflicts resulting in the killing of wildlife.

The 34,000-hectare Malua Forest Reserve consists mainly of lowland and freshwater swamp forests and provides vital habitat for one of the world’s highest concentrations of orangutans, as well as for the Bornean clouded leopard and the pygmy elephant. Logging and the development of oil palm plantations have reduced the area of rainforest and threatened many of Borneo’s important wildlife species. Waterways are disturbed, food sources for wildlife significantly depleted and the forest is more vulnerable to fires. Sitting adjacent to the internationally famous Danum Valley Conservation Area, one of the last remaining pristine lowland tropical rainforests in the world, Malua is a crucial buffer zone between virgin primary rainforest and oil palm plantations.

Campi ya Kanzi is a joint venture between the founders and the Maasai community, for which it provides about $30 U.S. per guest/day as a conservation fee (used to employ game scouts to prevent poaching, provide medical assistance, assist schools, etc.). Together with its associated Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust (created in 2000), the camp employs over 70 Maasai. The camp wants to achieve the goals of protecting the wildlife, the wilderness, and the culture of the Maasai. The camp has been built with local materials only and renewable resources have been used as much as possible. Electricity is provided by solar power, water is heated with solar heaters, grey water passes through lava filters that cleanse it before it is used in the garden or put in a pond for wildlife. The camp assists the Maasai community in implementing sustainable ways to manage their land and their resources.

The ultimate aim is to shift land use towards rainforest restoration and preservation, catalyzing a new economy of conservation by integrating rainforest conservation into the supply chain. It is a joint effort between Sabah State Government and New Forests. An Advisory Committee, composed of environmental and community groups as well as scientific experts, will provide guidance on conservation and local community issues. Via investment from the Eco Products Fund, the BioBank will restore and protect 34,000 of formerly logged areas of the forest for 50 years. The Malua BioBank will generate Biodiversity Conservation Certificates, each representing 100 square meters of protected and restored rain forest, which will not represent an offset for rainforest impacts that a company may have elsewhere. The sale of certificates will make the restoration and conservation of the Malua Forest Reserve commercially viable and competitive with alternative land uses. Parts of the returns will also go to Yayasan Sabah, a foundation established by the Sabah Government to improve the livelihoods of Malaysians in Sabah.

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Connectivity - fragmentation of ecosystems

Ecological footprint and related concepts

Through the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust the camp was able to found the Simba project (in cooperation with Cartier) which decreases human-predator conflicts by compensating the Maasai community for all legitimate livestock losses inflicted by lions. Every 90 days credit notes are paid, only if no predators were killed in retaliation. In 2007 the project compensated 1,542 heads of livestock, to more than a 1,000 Maasai. Lion population increased from 15 known individuals, to 25. Through the work of the Trust, the Kuku Group Ranch recently agreed to set aside a part of their land for conservation. One of the results of the data collection of the Simba Project has been that large numbers of livestock are killed while lost or not being properly watched after. These “negligence” cases account for 90% of the cases reported (see their website for details). One of the jobs of the Simba Scouts is to help herders properly keep track of their animals so losses remain at a minimum. If livestock is properly looked after, a consolation scheme might not be needed at all.

The Malua Conservation Management Plan was finalized in 2008. The Sabah Government has contractually agreed to implement the Conservation Management Plan and be monitored by the Malua Trust. A Sabah Government-owned company that holds the license to the Malua Forest Reserve ceased all logging operations on December 31, 2007. So far, 21,500 credits have been sold at US$10 each to Malaysian firms. According to Amanda Hawn (contact) they are in conversations with several parties about one or two potential large transaction.Expected results:The rehabilitation process will include planting seedlings to reestablish key rainforest species, enhancing natural food resources for wildlife and preventing poaching and illegal logging. Regular monitoring of forest regeneration, water quality and wildlife will ensure the viability of the conservation management plan, which will be reviewed annually. As the Malua rainforest recovers, water quality for downstream communities will improve and the people of Sabah will have future opportunities in eco-tourism and new markets for rare natural products.

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Campi Ya Kanzi

1996 launched in August 2008; implementation period: 2008 - 2014

ongoing 2058

Ke My

Sabah (Borneo)

Joint Venture between New Forests Inc. of Washington, D.C., Equator Environmental, LLC of New York City, and the Government of Sabah 

Project Website Malua Forest Reserve - Conservation Management Plan

Rating Scheme of the Lodge by Ecotourism Kenya Homepage

Press Release Malua Biobank August 2008

Brochure

The certification scheme of Ecotourism Kenya goes regional by not only certifying lodges in Kenya, but also in Tanzania: Newspaper articleReuters Article

Shompole Lodge won Equator Prize in 2006 Baker & McKenzie Advises TZ1 on the World's First Listing of Biodiversity Credits on the TZ1 Registry

Campi Ya Kanzi PO Box 236 Mtito Andei, 90128 KENYA

Tel/Fax +254 45 622516Sat phone +88 2165 1103557

email: lucasaf@iwayafrica.com

Ecotourism Kenya: Philip Murithi [info@ecotourismkenya.org]

Amanda Hawn 'ahawn@newforests-us.com'

Gold rated by Ecotourism Kenya,Winner of Eco-Warrior Award 2006,Winner of TOURISM for TOMORROW 2006 - Conservation Award Winner by The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC),Winner of 2005 Skål International Ecotourism AwardFuture Developments:It is the hope of the MWCT that the Simba Project will not need to be run forever. As the knowledge of the KGR lion population increases (through the work of Simba Scouts and lion collaring) and as the Maasai continue to understand the importance of the lion presence in their land, the population will no longer need to be protected through compensation. Further, in collaboration with Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) the introduction of white rhinos and the re-introduction of black rhinos, and eventually greater kudu and roan antelopes, once endemic to this area are considered.

At the end of the 50 year period, the endowment will be fully capitalized and this funding can be used either to renew the conservation rights to the Malua Forest Reserve or to establish a conservation bank on another property with high biodiversity value.

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Environmental Soap Opera for Rural Vietnam Collins Pine

Rice Farming Sustainable Forestry

Insecticides Private Business

Radio FSC certification

Nitrogen deposition

Education

The pilot site was Vinh Long province situated about 150 km South of Ho Chi Minh City. Agriculture is the main economic activity with rice as the main crop supplemented by fruits and vegetables. Rice farmers’ main pest control tactic is the use of pesticides and often large proportions of their sprays are misused because of poor knowledge and decisions thereby degrading the environment (Heong and Escalada, 1997, Bandong et al., 2002). An audience analysis showed that traditional information communication technologies (ICT) such as TV and radio remain the main sources of technical information in rural Vietnam.

Collins Pine Company is a privately held company since 1855 with all of its stock controlled by the Collins family and its descendants. It manages forests in Oregon, California and Pennsylvania with 200-year-old trees, public hiking trails and campgrounds. Collins Pine has been practicing responsible forest stewardship since 1939 and is the first privately-owned timber company in the U.S. to be environmentally certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Moreover, the Collins Companies committed to reducing their carbon dioxide emissions by 15 percent below 1999 levels by 2009. Beginning in 1997 Collins also actively embraced The Natural Step as one tool it will use in guiding its sustainability efforts. The 295,000 acres of Collins timberlands are multi-layered, biodiverse, canopied forests that support bald eagles, black bears, wild turkeys, blue heron, and endangered red-banded Goose Lake Trout. They are enriched by meadows, springs, creeks, rivers, as well as lakes and they are self-sustaining, containing more wood today than they did over a hundred years ago.

The environmental radio soap opera Que Minh Xanh Mai (Forever Green My Homeland) wanted to educate rice farmers in environmental conservation principles, methods to reduce environmental impacts from farm chemicals, straw burning and water use, so as to protect ecosystem services. It aimed to modify farmers’ attitudes towards pesticides, fertilizers, straw burning, pollution, water saving, wildlife, soil health, and natural biological control. The 104 episodes of the soap opera are based on rural settings and feature the daily struggles, joys, and loves in rural life. Environmental issues are carefully weaved into the conversations between characters. The soap featured three sets of characters, those who were positive towards IPM practices, those who were negative and a transitional group. Drama conversations were developed between these three sets of characters, discussing the pros and cons of agricultural inputs. The main character was transitional who eventually changed beliefs and practices in the series.

The Collins Companies’ long-standing commitment to land and resource stewardship includes the following objectives: Maintain the health of the total forest ecosystem; Support the production of wood on a sustained, renewable basis; and provide social and economic benefits to the surrounding areas and communities. Collins foresters leave more debris after logging, so more nutrients return to the soil. Snags are allowed to remain for animals that need dead trees to live in. Collins Pine encourages research and educational projects on its forest land, supports schools and hospitals, and, through its long-term commitment to stable employment, is recognized as a contributor to community economic stability. At Collins Pine, forest management revolves around its system of "principal and interest," which essentially means cutting only the growth of the forest while keeping the overall stands of trees stable. In general, those trees with the poorest health and/or form are removed, with the exception of those left for wildlife habitat.

Nitrogen deposition

Ecological footprint and related concepts Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

Ecological footprint and related concepts

Between pre- and post-launch farmers’ insecticide sprays dropped 31% from 1.9 to 1.3 sprays per season. Corresponding changes in attitudes were also observed. In addition, farmers also reduced their nitrogen and seed use by 7% and 9%, respectively. In the post-test farmers who had listened had higher reductions in insecticide sprays (60%), nitrogen (9%) and seeds (33%) compared to those who had not listened to the soap. There were also similar changes in their belief attitudes favoring judicious use of pesticides, fertilizers and seeds. More farmers in the post-test (30.3%) reported not using any insecticides at all than in the pre-test (17.5%). More farmers believed that pesticides can affect their health, from 61.6% to 86.1%. More farmers in the post-test believed that reducing seed rates from 150–200 to 80–100 kg/ha would result in the same yields and farmers also modified their beliefs that nitrogen would produce healthier crops. Following the success of the first soap a new drama series called ‘‘Que Minh Xanh Mai’’ (Forever green homeland) was launched in 2006.

From the SCS certification reports:Pennsylvania: CPF harvests and markets a diversity of sawlog and veneer species (black cherry, northern red oak, sugar maple, red maple, ash, beech, and other species). CPF also makes effort to maintain connectivity through Wildlife Habitats and Ecological Reserves (WHER). CPF was given access to the Natural Heritage Database, demonstrating CPF’s commitment to protect rare, threatened, and endangered species. Natural regeneration is the near exclusive method for regenerating CPF forests. Lakeview: Harvest levels are determined by resource conditions. CLF collaborates with Department of Fish and Wildlife/Game in both Oregon and California for conducting wildlife research. Riparian zone management takes a conservative approach and is sensitive to presence of red band trout, additionally CLF monitors streams for shade cover, temperature, and red band trout populations. For rare/protected species and or communities with known special habitat requirements, conservation zones are established. CLF maintains native species, and a diversity of size/age classes.

Trends in genetic diversity of domesticated animals, cultivated plants, and fish species of major socio-economic importance

Area of forest, agricultural, aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Area of forest, agricultural, aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Collins Pine Company

2004 1855, sustainability approach since 1939

2006 ongoing

Vn us

Vinh Long province

Scientific Paper about the project: 'Entertainment– education and rice pest management: A radio soap opera in Vietnam'Certification and Evaluation Report by SCS (Scientific Certification Systems) for Pennsylvania Forest

Short project description: http://www.comminit.com/en/node/134280/306Certification and Evaluation Report by SCS (Scientific Certification Systems) for Lakeview Forest

DM Project Report about both Soap Operas Certification and Evaluation Report by SCS (Scientific Certification Systems) for Almanor Forest

Scientific Paper on the outcomes of the first Soap Opera 'The Case of Using Mass Media: Communication and Behavior Change inResource Management'Company's Homepage

The project manager sent the CD containing the soap opera in Vietnamese and the PDF files for all of them in English Article in The Business Journal from 1998

Example of one Episode in English:'Environment and Insecticides'Short Article on Collins Pine in the International Herald Tribune, 1992

Heong, Kong Luen [K.HEONG@CGIAR.ORG] Waner, Cameron [CWANER@collinsco.com]

Sustainable Forests Partnership Case Study: Collins Pine: Lessons from a Pioneer

World Bank Development Marketplace Award 2005 2007 COM plus Award by theAlliance of Communication for Sustainable Development for second soap opera

*1997 Green Cross Millennium Award for Corporate Environmental Leadership from Mikhail Gorbachev*Business Ethics' Award for Environmental Excellence *In March 1996 Collins was one of only five U.S. companies (and the only forest productscompany) to receive the Sustainable Development Award from the President's Council onSustainability.

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Xerces Society for invertebrate conservation Involving Indigenous People in Forest Management

Pollinator Conservation Empowerment of indigenous communities

Endangered Invertebrates Responsible business

Habitat Conservation Sustainable Forestry

Agricultural Practices

94% of all species are invertebrates. They provide critical services, such as pollination, seed dispersal, and nutrient recycling. Although they are vitally important, invertebrates are often overlooked by land managers, scientists, and policy makers. According to a recent Nature Conservancy publication, 345 invertebrates are among the 539 extinct or missing species in the United States, just in the last 200 years. Invertebrates are significantly underrepresented in endangered species programs. In the United States, only 179 invertebrates are listed as Endangered or Threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Destruction of habitat, displacement by introduced species, and degradation of habitat by chemical pollutants (such as pesticides) are leading to a decline in invertebrate populations, some to the point of extinction. Also, there is limited funding for species conservation, most funding being directed toward the protection of more "charismatic" vertebrates.

These forests in the Congo Basin are home to around 16,000 forest people, of which 9,000 are semi-nomadic non-literate indigenous peoples of the Mbendjele Pygmy communities. They have traditionally been discriminated against and are politically and economically disenfranchised. The forests are also managed for sustainable timber production by Congolaise Industrielle des Bois (CIB) under a concession agreement with the Congolese Government. The creation of forest concessions and conservation areas exclude the indigenous people physically from their forest homes, and intellectually from forest management decision-making. Since they are widely dispersed throughout the concessions, it is difficult to involve them in formal meeting processes traditionally associated with participative management practices. CIB has acknowledged the need to respect and include indigenous people in forest management decisions.

The Xerces Society works on different programs in the field on invertebrate conservation. Two of their projects are the work on pollinator habitat conservation in agricultural landscapes and the work on endangered species habitat protection. They protect threatened, endangered, and vulnerable species and their habitat and influence decision-makers and policy development. The pollinator program works with farmers, land managers, golf course staff, public agencies, and gardeners. The California Agricultural Pollinator program promotes Agricultural Sustainability through Pollinator Conservation and Research. It takes the research results on the habitat needs of crop-pollinating native bees in Yolo County, California and applies that information to working agricultural landscapes. Specifically, bees need abundant nectar and pollen. To meet this need, project partners are providing a diverse buffet of flowering plants that studies have shown are attractive to native bees. Nest blocks and large areas of consistently untilled soil ensure that native bees have areas to nest in.

Since 2005, TFT has been managing a unique project in four large forest areas (over 1.3 million hectares in total). This project will establish an indigenous forest peoples’ language radio station.The project will build the capacity of indigenous communities to manage the radio station and most importantly, choose broadcast content. The station will facilitate a two-way dialogue between these communities and CIB, which manages 1.3 million hectares of forest. The project will also distribute portable radios to the community to enable their participation, and train them to use GPS to make maps which will identify places of importance to them. The latter required the development of unique, icon-based software and GPS technology. The maps will form the basis of subsequent discussions with CIB, prior to any logging activities. Once engaged in forest management, the indigenous communities will feel respected and protected and thus be willing to support efforts to control illegal hunting of endangered species and resist pressure to assist criminals involved in such activities.

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Access and Benefit Sharing

Working with a coalition of scientists, the Xerces Society prepared status reviews and filed petitions with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in December 2002 requesting protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) for three butterflies: the Taylor's checkerspot, the Mardon skipper, and the island marble which resulted in the protection of the Carson wandering skipper butterfly through the Endangered Species Act. Working with the Oregon Zoo, the Society helped to determine the environmental cues that trigger egg-laying of gravid Oregon silverspots. Furthermore, the Society stopped a massive pesticide spraying project in Idaho and produced a manual for farmers on habitat management for invertebrates on agricultural lands.

The resource mapping component of this project has successfully delivered unprecedented practical results by training indigenous peoples across the whole forest area to make their own maps. By locating and mapping forest areas important to their day to day lives, their culture or spiritual identity, they are able to present their maps to CIB and negotiate areas for protection. To date, all mapped areas and community resources have been formally protected by CIB and demarcated as such in the field. The openness and respect shown by CIB, was one of the factors which contributed to the awarding of FSC certification in the Kabo Concession in 2006. The indigenous language radio station ‘Biso na Biso’ (between us), will be staffed by indigenous people and work to ensure that consistent communication channels are enhanced and maintained and that communities’ rights are better understood. To date, radio development has focused on a combination of assessing technical feasibility, designing appropriate technologies and socializing the radio concept locally.

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Area of forest, agricultural, aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Xerces Society

2005

still running

Us Cg

Congo Basin

Tropical Forest Trust; Partner: Congolaise Industrielle des Bois (CIB)

Biennial Report 2006-2007 Project Short Description: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/OPPORTUNITIES/GRANTS/DEVMARKETPLACE/0,,contentMDK:21430093~pagePK:180691~piPK:246778~theSitePK:205098,00.html

Manual for Habitat Conservation of pollinators in agricultural Landscapes Final Report

Homepage Nature Article - Mark of Respect

Tropical Forest Trust paper describes the project starting on page 3

The Butterfly Conservation Initiative by Xerces Society

Mace Vaughan [mace@xerces.org]Scott Poynton

s.poynton@tropicalforesttrust.com

Mace Vaughan will send project reports or summaries on the pollinator program and the endangered species protection program

complete

Sustainable Business Fisheries

Native Species By-catch Reduction

Restoration through Reforestation Mitigation Measures

Carbon certificates Ocean Biodiversity

New Legislation

complete, but contact Janne in Jan./Feb. for final report

FUTURO FORESTALNATIVE SPECIES REFORESTATION IN PANAMA

Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling, through the introduction of By-catch

Reduction Technologies and Change of Management

Forests that are sustainably managed and conserved help both sequester carbon and reduce the carbon emissions associated with deforestation and forest degradation. At the same time they contribute to sustain rural livelihoods and improve equity, conserve biodiversity and meet expanding demands for forest products. Futuro Forestal is located in the Provincia Chiriquí, Corregimiento Las Lajas in Panamá. The project consists of forest plantations with wood for commercial purposes, for a total of 570 ha. The reforested land was originally tropical rainforest before it was deforested for agricultural purposes, was then used for cattle grazing and finally abandoned because the soil had been degraded by this unsustainable use. There are Teak (Tectona grandis) plantations and native species, riparian forests and protection forests.

Bycatches constitute an important part of the total catch of the world’s fisheries. Shrimp fishing, and in particular tropical shrimp trawling, produces large amounts of by-catch. Some of the by-catch may be retained and landed. Another part is usually discarded (dead fish or turtles, dolphins or other unwanted catch). By-catches are generally unregulated and may pose a threat to species diversity and to endangered species, e.g. sea turtles, and to the balance and health of the ecosystem. By-catches, when consisting of juveniles of commercially valuable species and food fish, also have an economic impact by suboptimal use of the fishery resources and hence constitute a threat to food security and sustainable fisheries. Moreover, unwanted by-catches incur costs related to sorting and handling of catch. Although the use of certain by-catch reduction devices (BRDs) are mandatory in some tropical shrimp fisheries, i.e. the turtle excluder device (TED) required for shrimp exports to the U.S., better technologies and practices could be introduced and the level of compliance improved.

Futuro Forestal is a private German-Panamanian Reforestation and Forest Services Company that developed an innovative investment model based on ecologically and socially sustainable reforestation in the tropics. The forest creates habitat and protects the tropical soil from erosion, acts as water reservoir and has filtering function. The company is FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) certified and all fertilizer applications consist of 100% recycled organic by-products, such as chicken manure and sugar cane leaves.They recently established the Cool US/Futuro Forestal Partnership for carbon credits which is certified with the GOLD status by the Climate, Community and Biodiversity Alliance. The plantation investment projects are intended to last 25 years of CO2. The sale of the wood, seeds, as well as carbon credits enables the investor to make a profit while contributing to a socially and environmentally sustainable project. Investors receive fully titled land, planted with up to seven species of tropical hardwoods and the forestry services of Futuro Forestal for 25 years.

The main objective of the project is to reduce discards in tropical shrimp trawl fisheries by introducing appropriate fishing technologies,i n combination, where necessary, with the introduction of legislation and a management framework, including control and enforcement strategies. The project objectives also include the reduction of overall by-catch by shrimp trawlers, in particular the capture of juveniles of commercially valuable species, and a better understanding of the impact of shrimp trawling on marine habitats.Eleven countries and one regional organisation participate fully in the project (Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Philippines, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela and SEAFDEC. In addition, Bahrain participates using its own funds although recent reports seem to indicate that no further budget is available. Thus, the project is implemented at three levels: national, regional and global.

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

Since its foundation in 1994 Futuro Forestal has reforested more than 1,500 acres in the region of Las Lajas. Together with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Yale University project Prorena they increased the tree growth over 30% in the last 13 years through research and management expertise. Today the company is the largest employer in the region of Las Lajas in the Chiriqui province. Meanwhile the company has grown from initially 3 employees to more than 50 permanent workers and 80 seasonal workers during the planting season. Futuro Forestal pays about average, in addition to social security and offers proactive training courses for its employees such as literacy programs and computer courses.

Overall, the project has made important progress towards the objective of reducing discards and by-catch although there are differences in progress among countries. Although only a few countries can show concrete results with regard to the wider implementation of the developed BRDs and gear or towards the formal legalization of their use, most are likely to have made further progress at the end of the project. Outputs produced so far include: Tests on BRDs and decision on what devices should be recommended for regulations completed for some fisheries (e.g. in Calbayog in the Philippines, Colombia, Pacific coast of Mexico, etc) and trials under way in most other countries. Probable by-catch reductions estimated to be around 30-40 percent (Mexico: 53% reduction of fuel consumption and increase of 20% of shrimp catch). Revised or new legislation adopted in Nigeria and Mexico, and work started on legal reviews in others. Recertification of Nigeria for shrimp exports to the USA by reintroduction of TEDs (to be confirmed officially). An FAO guide on BRDs published (‘A Guide to Bycatch Reduction in Tropical Shrimp-Trawl Fisheries’).

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Area of forest, agricultural, aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Trends in genetic diversity of domesticated animals, cultivated plants, and fish species of major socio-economic

importance

Area of forest, agricultural, aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Futuro Forestal S.A. UNEP, FAO

2002

ongoing 2008

Pa Mx Ng Cm Ir Ve Cr Cu Ph Id Co Tt Bh

Chiriquí, Las Lajas tropical waters

Project Report on Cool US7Futuro Forestal Partnership FAO - Main Project Website with links to all the country reports: http://www.fao.org/fishery/gefshrimp

Verification Audit Report by Rainforest Alliance Progress Report Mexico 2005

Website Tropical Forest Foundation about Futuro Forestal: http://www.tropical-forest-foundation.org/ A Guide to Bycatch Reduction in Tropical Shrimp-Trawl Fisheries

Futuro Forestal - Website: http://www.futuroforestal.com/home.php International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network: Project Documents

Good summarized article with pictures

shrimping methods also affect the vaquita in mexico:http://www.vaquitamarina.org/portal-en/

Tel/fax: (507) 727-0010 and tel: (507) 727-0078. Email:ae@futuroforestal.com

Contact persons:Janne Fogelgren;

Thomas Moth PoulsenFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Viale delle Terme di Caracalla00100 Rome, Italy

Phone: (+39) 06 570 52377; (+39) 06 570 55034Fax: (+39) 06 570 55188

E-mail: Janne.Fogelgren@fao.org;Thomas.MothPoulsen@fao.org UNEP Programme Officer

Marie Prchalova marie.prchalova@unep.org Office phone:

254.20.624.085

Futuro Forestal wins Metafore Innovation Award 2006 Partnership Cool US/Futuro Forestal receives Gold Status by CCB certification

Janna Fogelgren informed us that the project was extended by 3 months. The FAO will be happy to send us the final report. Contact Janne!

report to come complete

Tiger-friendly Certification in far East Russia

Mountain Gorilla Incentives

Eco-Tourism Hunting

Culture ExchangeCertifcation

Win-WinNTFPs

Iby’IWACU VILLAGEA - A Community Based Tourism Network

Rwanda is a country with rich culture and traditions. Parc National des Volcans is home to world’s famous, rare and critically endangered species, the mountain gorilla (gorilla beringei beringei) and is one of the parks in the Albertine rift rich in biodiversity. According to a pre-project- study, most visitors to Rwanda (95%) and in particular those visiting the mountain gorillas are not only interested in viewing wildlife but are also interested in meeting with, learning from, and sharing of experiences with the local people. 90% stay at the hotel after trekking gorillas without anything else to do in the afternoon or evening. Both local people and tourists feel that local people, their families and most of all their children will benefit from interacting with guests from different cultures while enriching the wider tourist experience.

The Russian Far East (RFE) has been identified as one of the world’s top priority ecoregions for its high numbers of endemic species, including the endangered Siberian tiger. The mere 8% of Amur tiger habitat that is protected is insufficient to maintain a viable tiger population over the long term. Therefore, managing habitat outside protected areas is vital for successful conservation. Hunting is an important recreational and subsistence tradition in the RFE. Tiger poaching in Russia is driven by global demand for their bones and other parts used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Hunters also poach tigers to eliminate competition though ungulate poaching is even more common, which eventually forces tigers to take domestic livestock and dogs, and brings them into conflict with rural communities. The locally unemployed, comprising more than half of the population, resort to poaching and illegal harvesting of forest products, such as ginseng and Siberian tiger bones, to generate income.

Iby’Iwacu village is established as an area around protected areas in Rwanda, to display lifestyles, activities, artefacts and ways of living of local people. 40 % of the profits will be reinvested in community development projects (research and conservation education, cultural and ecotourism development and community enterprise development). 60% will go directly to local people in the villages who will determine what to do with it. This will help empowering local people politically, economically and socially while establishing linkages to conservation. The research and conservation education center will evaluate community projects and continue to monitor using ground indicators through on going research and monitoring indicators. Tourism projects will include visits to traditional healers to learn about the flora and its uses in traditional medicine.

WCS has initiated a program to engage hunters in rural communities to help improve wildlife management techniques, increase ungulate numbers, and convert an antagonistic relationship into a cooperative effort. One of WCSs projects is the ‘Tiger Friendly Certification program’. Its main objective is to provide economic incentives for local communities to conserve tigers and their habitat by recognizing sustainably harvested products with a Tiger Friendly Certification (TFC). WMOs can be certified as “Tiger Friendly” if they can demonstrate effective poaching control, environmentally sustainable use of natural resources, fair distribution of economic returns derived from WCS’ programs, and adequate densities of tigers. For communities it provides a link to Western markets by serving as both an indicator of ecosystem integrity and as a marketing tool. Higher profits from TFC products would increase household incomes by 12 to 25 percent for up to 1,000 people-and have a corresponding conservation impact on approximately 400,000 hectares of land.

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed)

Revenue from tourism has encouraged communities to protect gorillas and develop small-scale businesses. Local people own 100% of the project. The cultural village has increased tourism arrivals by 40% and has generated a sustainable income base for the village. Poaching of gorillas has been reduced by 60% since community-Gorilla Volunteers have been nominated to curb down illegal activities in the park and also to deliver much of conservation education to local people. Moreover, 6 children have been identified by tourists to Iby’Iwacu Village to be sponsored from primary school to University. A project report is supposed to come…

WCS-Russia is now assisting two local hunting leases to develop their organic NTFP (non-timber forest products) harvesting, arrange contacts with U.S. buyers, and perform the first organic products export sale. In cooperation with the Institute for Sustainable Use of Natural Resources (a local NGO), WCS developed and implemented a regional education system for WMO managers. With WCS, the Union of Wildlife Biologists and Managers developed a framework for wildlife management and hosts the Conference of WMO Managers and Council of Wildlife Biologists and Managers. WCS supports 5 experimental WMOs in piloting new management approaches and serving as models for replication. WCS supports small projects run by WMOs that aim to reduce poaching, improve habitat for ungulates, and increase economic solvency.

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Iby’IWACU VILLAGEA Wildlife Conservation Society

?

ongoing ongoing

Rw Ru

Northern Rwanda Russian Far East

WCS work in region since 1996; Tiger-Friendly Certification Program started in 2006

Report on Edwin Sabuhoros Award and the Village:http://www.iucn.org/where/africa/index.cfm?uNewsID=1486http://www.wcs.org/globalconservation/Asia/russia/tigersandhunters

Project Description: http://www.yoursafeplanet.co.uk/dynamic/?pageId=37&templateId=1DM Project Report

Pole Pole Foundation

Twagira Innocent Tel: 08451289, 08838979

Email: ibyiwacu.village@yahoo.com or Edwin Sabuhoro directly

Anton SemyonovWildlife Conservation Society

Russia program-------------------------------

17"a", Aleutskaya Str., Apt.#31Vladivostok, 690090 Russia

Tel/Fax: +7(4232)410033; 414906 www.wcs.org

[asemyonov@wcs.org]

Edwin Sabuhoro was given the IUCN-IRF Young Conservationist Award in 2008. He wants to send a project report once he is back in Rwanda

The primary obstacle to date has been the constant restructuring of the Russian Forest Management System, in particular in association with the new Forest Code, which should provide the core regulations and procedures for any NTFP-related business. This situation has prevented the project manager from obtaining the necessary permits to export products harvested from hunting leases in a timely manner. The first export of TFC products for sale to Herbal Trade Company, planned for spring 2008, was thus postponed to fall-winter 2008, when the documents for export will have been received. WCS also continues to work with U.S. outfitters who are interested in Hunting Tours on the land of Amur Tiger that might be also promoted under the TFC brand. In October 2008, WCS Russia organized an acquaintance tour for U.S. outfitter who visited four candidate hunting leases in Primorsky Krai to evaluate their readiness to host U.S. hunters.

complete complete

Biodiversity and Climate Change Land-use planning and management

RED - Project Ecological corridor

Amazonas Water quality

Private Investment Stream biodiversity

Legal Framework Community leadership

The Juma Sustainable Development Reserve Project: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation in the State of

Amazonas, BrazilProject Twin Streams : “Working together for healthy streams and strong

communities: creating a sustainable future" in Waitakere, New Zeland

The biggest Brazilian state, Amazonas, has always had the lowest deforestation rate in the Brazilian Amazon with 98% of the State’s original forest cover still intact. However, according to the SimAmazonia I deforestation model the rate of deforestation will increase rapidly in the coming decades, which could result in a loss of up to 30% of Amazonas’ forest cover by 2050. The area of the Juma Sustainable Development Reserve ( 589,612 ha) has been identified as an extremely important area for biodiversity, especially for reptiles, amphibians and mammals. The major imminent threats to the natural ecosystems are illegal logging, mining, land grabbing for agriculture and cattle ranching, as well as overfishing. The Federal Government’s plan to pave the roads bordering the Reserve could bring a sharp increase in deforestation due to the illegal logging, mining and hunting that occur as a result of the new access the road provides.

A ‘Greenprint’was developed in 1994 by the City Council which set out how it would become an Eco City. New approaches to dealing with waste and water were fundamental to the innovative solutions being developed. As part of this, in 1997 Waitakere City Council commissioned studies to explore the effects of stormwater on the Oratia and Opanuku Streams. Stormwater refers to the water running off from roads, footpaths, driveways and other hard surfaces during rainfall, which then enters streams via stormwater drains.Any pollution such as chemicals from fertilised soil or oil from roads mixes with stormwater and ends up in the streams, lakes and oceans, provoking water pollution and banks erosion. These stormwater studies led to the creation of Project Twin Streams, with successful funding applications to Infrastructure Auckland from 20037 for $39.5 million over a ten year period to 2012.The catchment covers the Oratia, Waikumete, Opanuku, Pixie and Swanson Streams and incorporates 56km of stream banks, 10,000 hectares, 43,000 households and 103,000 people.

The Juma Reserve RED Project will be the first project of its kind to be implemented since the creation and approval of the State Policy on Climate Change Law (PEMC-AM) and the State System of Protected Areas (SEUC-AM). This legislation provides the entire legal framework necessary to implement these types of projects in the Amazonas. The resources necessary to cover the operational costs of implementing the project come from the incomes of the fund of the Amazonas Sustainable Foundation. Moreover, there will be the sponsorship of the hotel chain Marriott International (US$ 2 million). Marriott's guests will be offered an option to offset their emissions at US$ 1 per night. In addition the project aims at generating social and environmental improvements such as: strengthening of environmental monitoring; increase in the generation of income through the promotion of sustainable businesses; development of scientific research, and direct payment for environmental services.

The Project Twin Streams, a partnership between Waitakere City Council and Auckland Regional Government that received 39,5 million $ for ten years, aims at restoring 56 kms of stream banks with the involvement of local Maori communities. The project serves environmental, social, cultural, economical purposes and was intending to :a) restore the natural environment through planting stream banks, removing weeds, reducing animal pests, encouraging biodiversity, and building 13.8km of combined cycle and walkways.b) reduce the effects of stormwater on streams and stream bank erosion through creating buffle zones, and purchasing properties to preserve flood plainsc) increase community stewardship of the streams by initiating community contracts and facilitating the development of local governance structuresd) raise awareness of Maori history in the catchment, Increase manawhenua influence on stream management in the PTS catchment: community planting days, art engagemente) be a catalyst for iwi ,Maori & community economic development, develop opportunities for research and new water,waste & energy efficient technologies

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats Water quality of aquatic ecosystems

Coverage of protected areas

Connectivity - fragmentation of ecosystems Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Ecological footprint and related concepts

Since 2003, 21 new State conservation units have been established - approximately 10 million hectares of protected areas - as part of a policy for the valorization of the environmental services offered by the forest, which have been recognized by the State of Amazonas

Law on Policy of Climate Change, Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Development (Law 3135/2007). Based on the baseline

scenario for the project area, the project expects to prevent the deforestation of about 329.483 hectares of tropical forests that

would release 189.767.027,9 tons of CO2 into the atmosphere.

There are now (late 2007) five community contracts in place covering the majority of the catchment. Since the project commenced in 2004, over 10,000 volunteers have been involved in weeding and planting stream banks There is active participation by a diverse range of groups, cultures and schools from local communities: 15 schools, five alternative education groups, local churches; sporting clubs, people with intellectual disabilities; a retirement village, Department for Corrections Community Work Programme and local residents. A total of 24 community planting and celebrations days have been held. A total of 309,671 trees have been planted within the catchment area. Throughout their lifetime, these trees will absorb the carbon from 13,458 cars doing 15,000km per year. 75 houses have been purchased for stormwater management and riparian planting. 14 km of cycle and walkways are under construction. These pathways, which will connect people with each other and their natural environment, will include art tiles depicting local flora, fauna, cultural and iwi stories, educational signs and a demonstration area for permeable paving.

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Waitakere City Council suppported by Auckland Regional Government

2003

2050 2012

Br nz

State of Amazonas Waitakere

Amazonas Sustainable Foundation - FAS (Fundação Amazonas Sustentável - FAS)

Project Design Document Official website: http://www.waitakere.govt.nz/AbtCit/ne/twinstreams.asp

CCB Validation Report Formative Evaluation framework, 2007

CCBA - Project Website: http://www.climate-standards.org/projects/index.html Strategic Plan

FAS - Summary of the project: http://www.fas-amazonas.org/arquivos/juma_executive_summary.p

dfKey facts and figures, 2007

Catchment monitoring, Pressure and state of the environment: synthesis 2005-2006

Examplary of the Twin Streams Newsletter: Streamtalk Newsletter - May 2008

Related project: "Ark in the Park" is a community restoration project for volunteers led by the WaitakereBranch of the Royal Forest and Bird Society, which is focused on intensive pest control. See http://ark.forestandbird.org.nz/SITE_Default/SITE_ark/

Gabriel RibenboimTitle: Project Manager

Department: Technical Coordination Department for Carbon-related Projects

Address: Rua Álvaro Braga, 351Parque 10 de Novembro, Manaus

Amazonas, BrazilTelephone number: +55 92 3648 4393

Fax: +55 92 3648 7425E-mail: gabriel.ribenboim@fas-amazonas.org

Anil KaranCommunity Waitakere PO Box 21 – 068 Henderson Anil.Karan@waitakere.govt.nz

The project is due to run and funded until 2012

CCB Approved - Gold Rating (Sept. 30, 2008) The Amazon Sustainable Foundation is a nonprofit institution, established in December 2007 through a partnership of the Government of the State of Amazonas and Bradesco Bank. Each institution gave donations of R$ 20 millions. Its activities focus on the implementation of projects which promote the sustainable development in the 34 conservation units of the State of Amazonas, aiming at the environmental conservation and at the improvement of life quality of traditional populations in a area of 16, 4 million hectares.

complete

Reforestation Endangered species

Native trees Forest corridors

Forest planning Invasive alien species

Agroforestry systems Reintroduction

Business and Biodiversity Translocation

report to come

Koyam Society - Wepewen Project: A business partnership between an indigenous NGO and a canadian corporation acts for

the reforestation of native trees in the Auracania region, ChileConservation of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity focusing on the protection

of the golden lion tamarin (GLT) in its natural habitat, Brazil

Intended to bolster forests increasingly threatened by timber sales, a law enacted in 1974 gives Chile’s small landowners economic incentives for planting trees on eligible areas of their lands. But the law brought with it unintended consequences. Farmers planted fast-growing, non-native species like eucalyptus and pine plantations to make quick money from selling the wood. Planting non-native trees used more water, exhausted the soil, and result in a biodiversity loss.Verde Ventures funding helps land owners plant native Araucaria araucana species instead of non-native trees. The native Araucaria is Chile’s national tree and is listed as Vulnerable on the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Because landowners plant trees at their own expense and are paid by the government later, the loan from Verde Ventures is helping this community cover the up-front costs of setting up the planting projects.

The golden lion tamarin is endemic to the lowland Atlantic Coastal Forests of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. They use forests of well-preserved primary vegetation as well as forest areas with secondary vegetation - areas which have been exploited or where selective cutting of trees has taken place. One of the major problems that threaten the survival of the golden lion tamarin is the habitat loss; in other words, the lack of appropriate habitat. Deforestation fortimber, production of charcoal, and agricultural expansion, as well as urban sprawl have reduced the habitat available for golden lion tamarins, confining the surviving populations to small isolated islands of secondary vegetation, few exceeding 1,000 hectares. Hunting for the pet trade contributed to the almost complete extinction of the species in in the wild in the 1960’s.

In 2004, Sociedad Koyam Limitada was created as a for-profit partnership between Corporation Mapuche Lonko Kilapang and Timberline Natural Resources Group, a consulting organization based in Vancouver, Canada. Koyam provides natural resource management services such as reforestation, forest planning and management, coordination between landowners and government authorities, technical assistance and training to small indigenous landowners in rural communities. In 2006, Conservation International’s Verde Ventures program decided to fund Wepewen Programme with a credit over 4 years and the Equator Initiative issued a grant to it. Wepewen Programme intends to establish 440 hectares of agroforestry systems per year, designed to contain strips of Araucaria trees and pasture for ranching. It aims to:a) support an innovative business structure b) support government initiatives to pay for ecosystems services and forest restoration;c) assist in the reforestation of a highly threatened tree species d) improve internal business and management skills

The goal for the year 2025 is to reach a minimum viable population of 2,000 golden lion tamarins living in 25,000 hectares of protected forests.a) reintroduction ; to date the continuous growth observed is due to the reproduction on 33 privately owned ranches in Rio Bonito, Silva Jardim, and Casimiro de Abreu municipalities.b) translocation: the GLT Translocation Program was initiated in December of 1993 to save groups of tamarins isolated on small forest c) research on common marmosets, an IAS that disturbS GLTsd) implement forest corridors, by working with private landowners. e) geoprocessing: integrating information about the environmentd) Since 1992, GLTA maintains a Program of Incentive to Creation of RPPNs (Private reserves of natural heritage) that now already represents over 30% of the habitat protected for the species. The landowners that are interested in the creation of Private Reserves are visited by AMLD's technicians who inform them of all aspects of the creation, the managment the importance of RPPNs for the conservation of biodiversity, and the advantages that these Reserves can bring to the property.The programmes is also active in involving the public.

Change in status of threatened species

Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed) Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Connectivity - fragmentation of ecosystems Connectivity - fragmentation of ecosystems

Trends in invasive alien species

Coverage of protected areas

a) In 2006 Koyam employed 34 full-time people, including 80% of Mapuches and give them health and life insurance, and a system of retirement.In 2005, Koyam earned US$17,000 of net profit on a total operationg income of US$120,000, for a return on sales of about 14%. 300 people were hired for the Wepewen project and 100 indirect jobs created. b) Reception of governmental grants that support forestation of endangered araucaria was still pending in 2007.c) In 2006-2007 178 hectares of Araucaria trees were planted. This area is more than 50% the area of araucaria trees established in Chile before Wepewen. Koyam also organized workshops to introduce the Wepewen project, identify community leaders, and help structuring community involvement in the project. Training sessions were organized. Crews were created to monitor forest health and detect forest fires. Other crews were trained in soil preparation, planting techniques and production of seedlings.

The population of GLTs is now over 1500 and in 2004 the species was downlisted from "critically endangered" to "endangered.a)To date, 153 golden lion tamarins born in zoos have been released in their natural habitat. 148 institutions contribute to the maintenance of the captivity population. The proportion of the reintroduced population comprised by wild-born has increased by more than 95%. The reintroduction contributed to an increase of more than one third of about 1.200 tamarins living freely in several fragments of Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro. This continuous growth is due to the reproduction on 33 privately owned ranches in Rio Bonito, Silva Jardim, and Casimiro de Abreu municipalities. Around 700 births were registered in the reintroduced populations.b) Six groups of L. rosalia were translocated from October 1994 to October of 1997 to the União Biological Reserve.c) Researches have been conducted since 1998. Results have showed that there is competion beetwen tamarins and marmosets. Sterilization will be developed while an awareness campaign will be launched.

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

2006 1973

ongoing 2025

cl br

Lonquimay, Auracanía Region Atlantic coastal forests of Rio de Janeiro

Project report 2006

Implementation: Sociedad Koyam Limitada = partnership between Corporación de Desarrollo Mapuche Lonko Kilapang (Lonko), and Timberline Natural Resources Group. Funding: Equator Initiative, Conservation International Verde Venture, Government of Chile

GLT Association in collaboration with National Zoological Park and Smithsonian Institution, Brzilian government's insitution for the environment and natural ressources, Rio de Janeiro Primate Center, WWF, University of Maryland

Final report 2008 Website of the GLT Association: http://www.micoleao.org.br/

Annual report 2003

Project summary for Equator Initiative Smithsonian National Zoological Park website on GLT Conservation Programme: http://nationalzoo.si.edu/ConservationAndScience/EndangeredSpecies/GLTProgram/GLTP/

Indicators and project's results “Golden Tamarin Monkey is saved form extinction”, The Independent (London), April 4, 2001 by Michael Mccarthy: http://forests.org/archive/brazil/gotamonk.htm

Koyam website: http://www.koyam.cl/ “Tamarins are back form the brink”, ITV News, Wednesday, 20 August 2008: http://www.itv.com/News/Articles/Tamarins-are-back-from-the-brink-354648153.html

Article on Conservation International website

Adriana Madrigal, Senior Investment OfficerCFD- Verde Ventures Fund- CI2011 Crystal Drive Suite 500Arlington Virginia 22202 USAa.madrigal@conservation.org

(703) 341-2404 Hari Balasubramanian, Verde Ventures' Monitoring and Evaluation

Managerh.balasubramanian@conservation.org

Jennifer Mickelberg Smithsonian Institution

GLT Conservation Program GHLT Conservation ProgramNorth America National Zoological Park

P.O. Box 37012 MRC 5503 Washington, DC 20013-7012 T 202.633.4203 F 202.673-0040

mickelbergj@si.edu

A complete report on monitroing and results should be available in December 2008. Contact Hari Balasubramanian

Improved business and management skills are expected to result in certification and re-financing for growth and future projects that benefit Chile’s ecosystem and indigenous communities.

In 1998 the National Board of the Mata Atlântica Biosphere Reserve - UNESCO/MaB Program, recognized for the category Personnality the personal efforts of Denise Marçal Rambaldi, AMLD Secretary General, for conservation of the golden lion tamarins and their natural habitat: the Atlantic Forest of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

complete

Forest conservation Hunting Trade regulations

Organic agriculture Wildlife conservation

Slash and burn agriculture Awareness campaigns

Ecotourism National Laws and regulation

Business and biodiversity

Scientific report to come

Emergency Intervention to Prevent Slash and Burn and to Ensure the Sustainability of the Income Generating for Conservation Program, in

Vohimana forest, MadagascarA comprehensive strategy adresses the threat of Bushmeat Trade

to Wildlife in the Upper Guinea Forest

The Vohimana forest is a biodiversity hot spot and a key part of the corridor between the Mantadia National Park and its southern forests. There are more than seventy species of endemic frogs, eleven species of lemurs, endemic medicinal plants which had still no conservation status in 2002. Between 1962 and 2002 Vohimana lost more than half of its forest surface due to slash and burn agriculture, and meanwhile 98 percents of the population living from this slash and burn agriculture were below the poverty line.

Bushmeat hunting is now a $350-million-a-year industry, fueled by new, more effective hunting technologies that are killing wildlife at unsustainable levels. Traditional prohibitions against the killing of Ghanaian clan totems, or sacred animals, have been abandoned. Modern hunting restrictions, such as a closed season to allow species populations to regenerate, are routinely ignored, enforcement nonexistent. Ghana is home to 59 endangered mammals including three of the world's top 25 most endangered primate species. Bushmeat hunting is a major contributor to declining populations. The trade also threatens the health and livelihood of millions of Ghanaians. Rural communities receive up to 75 percent of their protein from bushmeat. Indiscriminate, unsustainable hunting is devastating animal populations could ultimately destroy the livelihood of those who, like the market queens, earn a living from the trade.

The Vohimana forest conservation program was based mainly on local people implication and private sector partnership. The goals were to : a) reduce the threat of increasing the area under slash-and-burn agriculture by encouraging involvement of the local population and administrative authorities. b) develop an environment friendly ginger production, with anti erosive practices developed (use of vetiver)c) achieve planed long term production development by generating incomes form local populations :- agricultural activities : bananas, coffee, rice- ginger production and local plants distillation - ecotourism : a one-euro tax per night and per visitor was established to fund the programme.

The project established a National Stakeholders task force which mobilized stakeholders (chiefs, elders, NGOs, government officials, bushmeat traders, and representatives of development organizations) to adopt a concerted effort and a multifaceted approach to deal with the crisis. The project aimed at:a) raising awareness on the threat to biodiversity. It is estimated that 85% of all the bushmeat road markets from Accra to Cape Coast and Kumasi have ceased operation because of a consumer boycott. b) achieving greater commitment of policy makers to wildlife conservation and regulation of the bushmeat trade. The Ghana Standards Board has produced guidelines for export of dry and wet meat, which include regulations against the export of endangered species and the Government is committed to review current by-laws and enforcement policies. Enforcement of hunting regulations was improved through establishing Community Biodiversity Advocacy Groups (CBAGs) carrying out awareness campaigns in the communities and also arresting illegal hunters for prosecution. Finally, a Wildlife Data Bank was created to house information on wildlife species in Ghana.

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

a) No slash and burn : Although some farmers have slashed some parcels the incomes have allowed to get a general agreement and local pressure on these farmers from the traditional authorities. A reforestation programme has been launched. 160 species are bred in a tree nursery, and 100 species have been replanted on 25 hectares in an experimental reserve of 4000 acres.b) Environmental friendly ginger production : 2 distillation units were installed and produce essential oil. Ginger production has been developed as planed and can now be confirmed as a true alternative to slash and burn cultivation. Use of vetiver for soil fixation has been promoted and it has been made clear with farmers that the use of vetiver is along term obligation.c) Long term income generating opportunity : Ginger production has been developed from 4 tons in 2006, 20 tons in 2007, 100 tons expected in 2008 with organic certification implicating 78 paysans out of around 250 families. Chanel has offered to support long term production of ginger essential oil from the local communities of Vohimana and as a start to buy all the production of 2006.

Decreased demand in bushmeat has been proved through protein choice survey, which CI conducted, interviewing 17,500 school children in Accra. The major bushmeat markets in Accra and Kumasi are no longer selling bushmeat of the key species highlighted by the campaign such as elephant, endangered duikers, bongo, porcupines, and traditional totems. Finally, as a result of this project, the annual ban on bushmeat hunting from 1 August-1 December each year is now officially announced by the Minister of Lands and Forestry on the radio and television giving the ban the necessary publicity for it to be effective.Due to the campaign and the publicity it created around the bushmeat crisis, only species that are not protected such as grasscutter can be found in the market during the closed season. In order to reduce illegal hunting, the government has made it a law that all citizens with guns must register them with the police because of the implication gun ownership is having on social and political stability in the region.

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Conservation International with the support of CEPF

1-Nov-05 Jan-01

28-Feb-06 Apr-04

mg gh

Vohimana forest Upper Guinea Forest

Implementation: The Man And The Environment Funding: CEPF and FFEM (French Fund for Global Environment) Partnerships: Chanel fragrance society; CIRAD (French Agricultural Research Center for International Developpement); WWF

CEPF project report CEPF final report

Website of the NGO "L'Homme et l'Environnement": http://www.madagascar-environnement.com/projet-vohimana-andasibe.htmlArticle "CI Targets Critical Threat to Biodiversity in Ghana": http://www.cepf.net/xp/cepf/news/newsletter/2002/september_topstory.xml

FFEM report, 2008 “Vision de fonctionnement socio-economique et environnement, reserve experimentale de Vohimana”, mai 2008, Fonds francais pour l’environnement mondial"Article "Chiefs Join Bushmeat Campaign in Ghana":http://www.cepf.net/xp/cepf/news/newsletter/2003/january_topstory.xml

Olivier BEHRA The Man And The Environment, Lot 102 B Ampandrana, Antananarivo

101, Madagascar Tel : 261 33 02 586 72

E-mail: obdirect@mate.mg

Or monitoring officer morgan@mate.mg

Jessica Donovan Conservation International 1919 M Street, NW Suite 600 Washington, DC 20036 Tel: 202-912-1706 Fax: 202-912-1026

Email: jdonovan@conservation.orgYaw Osei-Owusu CI Ghana

yosei-owusu@conservation.orgOkyeame okyeameampaduagyei@ymail.com lead person for the

project in CIGhana Wildlife Society ghanawild@4u.com.gh

Awards: The Association “l’Homme et l’Environnment” was awarded the 2005 S’T’ prize (prix “Les Sommets du Tourisme’, decerne a Chamonix, France)

An ecological monitoring is being set up since the prject is initiating a partnership with the WWF, the French Funf for Global Environment, and the CIRAD. A report should be available in the next few months - recontact monitoring officer

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Conservation of species Organic farming

Sustainable management Plan Traditional knowledge

Invasive alien species Land management

Ecotourism Homestead agriculture

Education Programme

Projects description and report on mushrooms' production to come

Inventory of Butterflies in the Missahoe Classified Forest in Togo, Upper Guinea Forest

The Ezemvelo Farmers’ Organization promotes homestead agriculture and provides big food suppliers

with certified organic products

Butterflies capture and selling has expanded a lot in the Missahoe region as a way for young people to earn a living at almost no cost. Butterflies are very important as pollinators, and their decreasing number causes the extension of invasive alien species (compensated by the use of insecticides) and the fall of coffee and cocoa yields.

Arable lands in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal Coast have become less productive due to poor management that caused destruction of the natural resource base, while local knowledge is being lost.

The Committee for the Protection and Management of the Missahoe Forest built a partnership with the Association pour la Gestion Integree et durable de l’environnement (AGIDE) to protect butterflies while reducing poverty of butterflies hunters. The objectives were:a) to conduct an inventory of butterflies and to identify ecological and biological factors that condition their existence. b) to draft a sustainable biodiversity management plan for the area. Since poverty was identified as the main cause of forest destruction and butterfly hunting, the stress was put on social actions. Ecotourism was also part of the strategy.c) Raise people awareness and train populations on activities that can generate income without degrading natural ecosystems.

The Ezemvelo Farmers Organisation (EFO) was created in February 2000 by Albert Modi, a Crop Science lecturer at the University of KwaZulu-Natal and 31 farmers from Ogagwini. It became their first certified group of subsistence farmers in South Africa. A constitution adopted in 2000 drafts good practices and management rules, including:a) an organic certification delivered in May 2000 by AFRISCO (Africa’s Farms Certified Organic). That involves the use of natural fertilizers and a system of certification. b) a common cropping system derived form indigenous knowledge and based on crop rotation and polyculture. c) internal inspectors appointed on a voluntary basisd) a secured income provided through selling amadumbe (taro) to Woolworths via a Packhouse (Farmwise) in the nearby small town of Amanzimtoti.

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

a) 164 species have been recorded, and studies had been made on the ecological and biological conditions that influence their existence. b) A sustainable management plan for the 1500-hectare protected area was drafted, consisting in recommendations on curbing the use of agricultural chemicals, promoting agroforestry techniques, reducing the number of butterflies being taken in the wild, protecting their habitats, and raising butterflies in captivity. c) An environmental education programme for 11 adjacent villages was implemented, through Q & A workshops that combined teaching about basic environmental concepts, legislation, national conservation strategy, local ecology and the importance of the butterflies for the future economic health of the area. Women were trained on mushrooms cultures. A butterfly sanctuary was also built, and ecotourism initiatives are being set up.

The Ezemvelo Farmers Organisation has grown from 27 members in the year 2001 to over 200 members in 2006, of whom 70 percent are women. They have been certified organic annually by different organizations [AFRISCO, BDOCA (Bio Dynamic and Organic Certification Authority), and CU (Control Union Certifications)]. But EFO has had difficulties in follow the European Union standards for organic farming, not because of any problems with following organic production guidelines, but rather because the record-keeping requirements of HACCP and product traceability demand a sophisticated system which is beyond the capability of a small group of modest farmers.

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

2003 october Feb-00

2004 december

tg za

Missahoe Forest (highlands of southwest Togo) Umbumbulu district on the KwaZulu-Natal coast

AGIDE or the Association for Integrated and Sustainable Environmental Management Partners : Ministry of Water and Forests, University of Lome, and CEPF

Implementation: Ezemvelo Farmers OrganizationFunding: Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (DACST) in South Africa (grant in 2000)Support: Kwa-Zulu Natal Department of Economic Development and Tourism (provided the infrastructures)

CPEF project report Ezemvelo Farmers Organisation: Situation analysis for development

Article on CPEF website: http://www.biodiversityscience.org/xp/cepf/news/newsletter/2005/may_feature.xmlA technical synopsis for conceptualisation of training needs

PLAN DE GESTION DURABLE DE LA DIVERSITE BIOLOGIQUE DE LA FORET CLASSE DE MISSAHOE AU TOGOWoolworths' website: http://www.woolworths.co.za/caissa.asp?Page=ITB4_RHContext&Post=CO-Community_Initiatives_Madumbi

Article published in Ipsnews: http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=43569

AGBALENYO Koss Mailing address: B.P 149 Tsevie TOGO

Tel: 002280 909 05 84 E-mail: agidetg@yahoo.fr

Dr Albert ModiCrop scientist

University of KwaZulu-NatalExtn1: 5854 - Location: Rabie Saunders Building 301

Pietermarizburg CampusEmail: modiat@ukzn.ac.za Department: Crop Science

Future developments: The sustainable management plan forecasts to develop ecotourism in the classified forest of Missahoe

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Marine turtles Marine turtles

Marine debris Fisheries bycatch

Aboriginal communities Sustainable fishing

Ghost nets

Bycatch

Carpentaria Ghost nets programme: Indigenous communities work together to get rid of marine debris and protect marine turtles

Bycatch initiative: fishermen-based marine turtle bycatch reduction programme

The freshwater and marine environments of the Northern Gulf are a haven for a number of marine and coastal animals.Marine debris and in particular, derelict fishing nets are increasingly becoming a threat to marine wildlife and an unwanted burden to industry. Ongoing recordings of marine life entanglements in north east Arnhem indicates a high number of threatened and endangered marine turtle species are killed and injured by marine debris each year (Roeger 2004). Of all debris types responsible for the fatality and injury of marine wildlife in northern Australia, derelict fishing nets are of greatest concern, entangling around 90% of the greater than 200 marine turtles stranded at Cape Arnhem between 1996 and 2003 (Roeger 2004). Added to that the environment is extremely remote and unpopulated with areas difficult to access by land. The people are mostly Indigenous scattered in isolated pockets.

The mortality of marine turtles when they are by-caught in long-line fishing is, among others, one of the major actors affecting their population survival. In the Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO), Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys oriacea) and Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) are the species of most concern because of their critical condition. For example, populations of nesting leatherback turtles have decreased to record low numbers in Mexico and Costa Rica. Experts have predicted their disappearance from the Pacific by mid-century. However, there are promising technologies which could help solve the problem of turtle bycatch. In 2003 WWF started a joint venture project with the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) and other partners to test the performance in marine turtle bycatch reduction of circle hooks against J hooks in the artisanal surface long-line fisheries in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

The project's aims are:a)To clean up the coastline in the Gulf of Carpentaria of existing nets to stop them re-entering the ocean: remove the ghost nets from the coastline and waters, rescue the animals trapped inb) Enhance existing monitoring activities in the region that determines the source, quantity and potential impact of derelict fishing gear (nets) andother marine debris: record the number, size and location of the ghost nets found, research factors that influence distribution, movement of the netsc) Build capacity of local communities to undertake planning, monitoring, and clean-up activities: report the activities that the communities have done to improve people’s awareness about the ghost nets issued) Develop a Gulf Ghost Nets Communication Strategy, including preparation of a ‘Ghost Nets Documentary’, a school awareness program, Gulf Ghost Nets Website, lobbying opportunities, community awareness raisingA clear contribution will be made by this project to larger scale activities including the "Dugong and Marine Turtle Management Project".

IThe initial project idea was an IATTC initiative in Ecuador, aiming at:a) replacing J hooks with circle hooks by enabling fishermen to test themb) training fishermen in better fishing practices, including on-board handling and resuscitation techniques for turtles caught by hooks or entangled in branch-linesc) on-board data collection by observers regarding catches and bycatches during long-line fishing operations.A regional, multi-stakeholder alliance including industrial and artisinal fishermen, government agencies, NGOs, and regional management authorities is driving the up-take of best practices in long-lining and more than 4,000 fishermen have participated in training workshops. WWF and IATTC started building a database to compile scientific evidence to study marine turtle and long-line fisheries bycatch interactions and test circle hooks and other fishing gear modifications to save marine turtles. Results show that in almost all ports and fisheries circle hooks effectively reduce bycatch and produce a lower rate of ‘bad hookings’.

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Ecological footprint and related concepts Ecological footprint and related concepts

Entanglements were recorded regularly on the coast of Cape Arhem since 1996. In the area of Djirrkawuy were surveys were conducted every year, results show a decreasing number of turtle entanglements, from 51 turtles in 1996 to 11 turtles in 1999, 32 in 2001 and 15 in 2004.The composition and source of marine debris affecting this section of coastline has been the subject of surveys conducted each year since 2000 in collaboration with the WWF, Conservation Volunteers Australia and previously the NT Department of Business Industry and Resource Development.

The first round of experiments with the artisanal longline fleet of Ecuador was completed in 2004 and it has expanded to 7 other countries: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Peru.Bycatch rates for TBS (Tuna, Billfish, Shark) fisheries: among 24 cases of paired experiments, distributed among 7 ports, circle hooks had lower turtle bycatch rates in 13 cases (54%), J hooks had lower bycatch rates in 6 cases (25%), while in 5 cases there were no turtles caught with either J or circle hooks. For mahi-mahi fisheries: from the 28 cases selected for this fishery, circle hooks resulted in lower numbers of marine turtles caught in 18 cases (64%), while J hooks resulted inlower bycatch rates in 9 cases (32%). Only one case had zero turtles caught for either J hooks or circle hooksTo date the programme has recruited 279 voluntary fishing vessels, and performed 918 experimental fishing trips, deploying over 1.5 million hooks in 4,178 long-line sets rigged with experimental designs.

WWF, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)

2004 July 1st 2004

ongoing June 30 2010

au ec mx gt sv pe pa cr co

Queensland and Northern territories Pacific coastline

Implementation: Gulf Resource Management Group (NGO)Support: WWF, Northern Land Council, North Australian Indigenous Land & Sea Management Alliance, Clean Up Australia & Oceanwatch Aust Ltd.

http://www.ghostnets.com.au/ WWF webpage: http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/latin_america_and_caribbean/country/nicaragua/index.cfm?uProjectID=9L0829

Project brief October 2004 See turtle bycatch rates in: Progress report July 2008

Project report 2005-2006 "Fishing Technology Letting Turtles Off The Hook" in ScienceDaily (Aug. 27, 2008) http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/08/080825212118.htm

Riki GunnProject Coordinator

PO Box 155Karumba Qld 4891

PH: 07 4745 9661 FX: 07 4745 9660

MOB: 04 2747 6500 riki.ghostnets@northerngulf.com.au

Moise MugWWF Central America Regional Programme Office

P.O. Box 629-2350 San Francisco de Dos Ríos San José

Costa Rica +506 2234 8434

or Sandra Andraka, WWF Senior Program Manager, sandraka@wwfca.org

Priority initiatives for Dhimurru remain: - Access to reliable recurrent funding to enable regular helicopter charters for the monitoring of this annual event. - The continuation of a monitoring and information sharing network along the northern Australian coastline, with particular focus on the involvement of indigenous communities. - Promote recognition of the international implications of marine debris, foster collaborative relationships with external agencies which can contribute to addressing the problem of marine debris at source and encourage inter-governmental dialogue with foreign governments responsible for fisheries affecting the North Australian coastline - Seek opportunities for dialogue between traditional Yolngu owners of coastal areas in NE Arnhem Land and Asian fishing communities from which the marine debris may be originating.

"Circle hooks are available in some countries and we are working with government and industry to made them available in countries where they are not at this time. The question of price comes along with question of the material the hook is made of, the brand, but also the economic return (fish is often alive as are turtles when they retrieve the gear and thus better quality and price), thus we are seeking resources to undertake an economic assessment of fishing trial trips." (Moise Mug, WWF)

more information to come complete

Forest conservation Wild Plants

Indigenous people Chronic diseases

Training Human Nutrition

Land management Diets

Land property Indigenous knowledge

Empowering the Manobos of Mt. Magdiwata Forest Reserve Area to Effectively Manage their Ancestral Domain Claim, Philippines

Wild Edible Plants: Promoting Dietary Diversity in Poor Communities of Lebanon (WEP-DD)

The Mt. Magdiwata Watershed Forest Reserve is an located in the Municipality of San Francisco in the Eastern Mindanao Biodiversity Corridor. A biodiversity inventory was conducted last 2002-2003 and was identified 331 endemic plant species and some faunas, but still there are several destructive activities done in the watershed;- Migrants and IPs get into timber poaching, small scale mining and sand and gravel gathering due to lack of stable alternative.- IPs are dependent on the extraction of forest products to support their daily needs because their farm lands are producing lesser yields.- IPs were driven out from their ancestral lands because of palm oil and logging operations- The traditional knowledge of the IPs is diminishing which contributes to natural resources conservation and appreciation. - Less recognition of the IPs in the local government as one of the stakeholders of the watershed.

Due to the nutrition transition occurring in Lebanon, rates of chronic disease, particularly overweight, obesity and cardiovascular disease, have reached alarming levels. Yet this Mediterranean country enjoys a rich biodiversity, with thousands of endemic species and an equally rich culinary history, largely based on its local biodiversity, including wild edible plants. Knowledge regarding the identification, conservation, and use of wild plants is not being actively disseminated, and the rapid urbanization in the region may be responsible for a break in the transmission of indigenous knowledge. In the Mediterranean region, 4% of wild plants are edible but only 15 to 200 are currently being consumed by humans. The loss of expertise in the sustainable use of such natural resources contributes to their extinction, for example by overharvesting of plants or by neglecting to preserve the environments in which they thrive.

When the Indigenous People’s Rights Act (IPRA) was institutionalized, the IPs organized themselves in an Oyay Masanloay Antod Ogow Bando Ugong (OMAUBAO) Tribal Organization to protect the natural resources of their ancestral domain. In 2005, an IP-based project was implemented by LEAF Foundation, Inc. (LFI). The objectives were to:a) Assist the IP organization in formulating their organization management plan and Natural resource management plan.b) Provide at least 5 management and technical trainings and exposures to the IP leaders and members.c) Promote active participation of the IP’s in the management of the watershed.d) Support advocacy and follow-up activities on the application of the OMAUBAO for the CADT (Claim for Ancestral Domain Claim).The project was implemented utilizing the participatory processes in all components and activities. Trainings/workshops on environmental para-legal, basic leadership, organizational management, and natural resource management were conducted.

This 2-year research and development project was initiated in Lebanon in 2004 with the aim of i) improving the health status of the rural and urban poor through the promotion of the preservation and sustainable use of wild plants using sustainable practices to reverse unhealthy reliance on refined grains, especially among the urban and rural poor and ii) investigating policy options to improve dietary diversity with governments, non governmental organizations, community based organizations based on incorporation of wild edible plants in the diet.The specific objectives were:- Development of an in depth understanding of the role of indigenous knowledge about wild plant identification, collection, and usage- Assessment of nutritional and health status in the surveyed communities- Undertake a program of promotion of wild plants to improve dietary diversity- Capacity development at the academic and local levels in the region

Biodiversity for food and medicine

Major outputs were the 2006-2009 Organizational Management Plan, the Policies and Systems on Financial and Operations, the Natural Resource Management Plan and the Documented Traditional Knowledge.The active participation of IP leaders and members to all project activities such as planning, workshops, meetings and trainings was significantly noted. The IPs learned the process of lobbying their issues and concerns to the Barangay government.The OMAUBAO officers had completed all the required documents to be accredited by the NCIP, Barangay and Municipal Government. The Management Framework was designed by the IP leaders in accordance with the IPRA law and the ancestral laws. The ancestral domain was agreed to be overseen by the chieftain and it was emphasized that Mt. Magdiwata should be free from any activities and its cultural importance should be promoted.

After several training workshops, four “Healthy Kitchens” have been established in Batloun, Kuakh, Aarsal, Burj el Barajeni. Kitchens created new employment opportunities for women and supported the economy in the community in addition to promoting use of wild edible plants. Focus group meetings were done to collect information about indigenous knowledge regarding wild edible plants. The report entitled “Surveying and Monitoring of Wild Edible Plants” was published, and first used a qualitative method by collecting information from the rural people. Then, a quantitative approach was taken and included data recording of site location, elevation, physiology, habitat, microenvironment, soil drainage, soil texture, stoniness, population density and spatial distribution of target plant species. Accordingly, a database was initiated containing specifications of 46 plants and 38 recipes.

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

February 1 2005 30-Nov-04

January 31 2006 March 31,2007

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Eastern Mindanao biodiversity corridor Lebanon mountains

Implementation: Livelihood Enhancement in Agro-forestry Foundation (LEAF)Partners: OMAUBAO (Manobo Tribal Clan Organization) ; National Commission for Indigenous People (NCIP) Provincial Office ; Local Government Unit Technical support on watershed monitoring activities: San Francisco Water District

Department of Nutrition and Food Science in partnership with the Initiative for Biodiversity in Arid Regions (IBSAR) and the Environment and Sustainable Development Unit (ESDU) at the American University of Beirut (AUB)

http://www.cepf.net/ImageCache/cepf/content/pdfs/final_2eagr_5fforestryfoundation_2einc_2epdf/v1/final.agr_5fforestryfoundation.inc.pdfScientific article

http://sgp.undp.org/web/projects/5906/enhancing_people_s_participation_in_the_conservation_and_protection_of_mt_magdiwata_watershed_forest.htmlProject summary from IRDC

http://www.wildedibleplants.org/

Final report

Report: "Surveying and monitoring of wild edible plants"

Related project: “Bio-prospecting in the Middle East Initiative”. This project is run by IBSAR and aims at identifying various plant uses as well as developing products attractive to biotechnology industries derived from indigenous Lebanese plants. See: Project summary

Daily Star article, January 11 2007

Article in "Main Gate" fall 2005

Related project: Aboriginal Bush Food project in Australia - This project investigates the environmental, economic, social and cultural sustainability of bush food harvesting and micro-enterprise in Central Australia. Its goal is to contribute to better income, employment and livelihoods for Aboriginal harvesters as part of the commercial bush food industry.

ROBERTO A. DORMENDOMailing address: 2nd Floor, Coop Tower, P.Lauron St., Mangagoy,

Bislig City8311 Surigao del Sur

Tel: +63 (086) 853- 4315Fax: +63 (086) 628- 2124E-mail: leaf@philcom.ph

Malek Batal, PhDAssociate Professor, Nutrition Program

Faculté des sciences de la santé / Faculty of Health Sciences

Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa43 Templeton bur./room 105

Ottawa K1N 6X1Tel: (613) 562-5800 # 8897

Fax: (613) 562-5632Malek.Batal@uottawa.ca

Following the same objectives worked on, a set of activities are suggested and planned to be implemented in the future. Activities will target representative poor communities in Lebanon. Phase II of the project can include a 1) community development component that includes promotion of sustainable livelihood, 2) a research component that links ecosystem to health, 3) communication and publication components that include dissemination of information. The WEP-DD allowed a thorough investigation of the linkages between the ecosystem, the diet, and health and pointed to a number of problematic areas in the health of the environment as well as that of the community and the individuals. “We propose to address, and redress, these problems through a phase II of the project with some strategic shifts towards the priority areas.”

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Socially responsible business Urban agriculture

Organic agriculture Waste water

Farm planning Aquatic plants

Agricultural cooperatives Water reuse

Water treatment

Healthy Basket: A socially responsible business in organic agriculture in Lebanon

Wastewater Treatment using Water Lettuce for Reuse in Market Gardens, Rufisque (Sénégal)

Marketing agricultural products is one of the key problems facing farmers in Lebanon.The organic agriculture (OA) movement started in Lebanon in the late 90’s through private initiatives (environmental NGOs and universities). In absence of any regulatory framework, those initiatives adopted the EU regulations on OA (EEC No. 2092/91) and hired the services of European inspection and certification bodies. This was very important to protect the “correct” organic farmers and to provide the organic guarantees to the confused consumers at the time.Healthy Basket started in 2001 as a Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) programme launched by the American University of Beirut to improve Lebanese farmers’ livelihood in rural areas, preserving the environment and protecting human health by adopting organic agriculture as a key strategy.

The high urban growth rate in Dakar, Sénégal, has strained municipal water supply and sanitation services. At the same time, the practice of urban agriculture has spread to meet the growing demand for affordable food. Unfortunately, the scarcity of fresh water has meant that urban gardeners are increasingly irrigating their plots with wastewater. This poses a threat to public health as evidenced in the typhoid epidemic of 1987, when 400 residents became seriously ill after consuming vegetables contaminated by raw wastewater.Before the project, there was also illegal dumping of rubbish in the streets where the women poured their waste water as well.

Fresh, certified organic fruits and vegetables sold by HB are produced by small farmers throughout Lebanon, closely supervised by two certification bodies: the Lebanese “LibanCert” and the Swiss “Bio inspecta”.Since 2005, HB has become a socially responsible business under the form of a Limited Liability Company (LLB). Customers who join the CSA program receive a weekly basket of fresh organic fruits and vegetables of the season at their doorstep. In addition, HB operates a retail shop in Hamra and a weekly stand in Beirut’s farmer’s market “Souk El Tayeb”.The business includes:- collaborative farm planning- technology transfer, training in farm management - support of women’s processing activities- awareness campaigns on organic products, TV advertisements- financial mechanism: no contracts, but customers pay in advance, providing a sufficient incentive for farmers to complete production cycle

The overall objective is to examine the technical and socioeconomic feasibility of using aquatic plants to treat wastewater for reuse in market gardens in two peri-urban areas of Dakar. Phase 1 (1992-2002): That project involved two aquatic treatment systems employing pistia stratiotes (water lettuce). Community members, primarily women, finance, operate and maintain the plant, and the fruit and vegetable plots. The youth and women were trained in network installation and maintenance, waste water management and treatment, as well as in household waste composting and horticulture. They grouped together into “GIE” units (economic interest groups) and local micro-enterprises. Phase 2 (2002-2006): researchers work to optimize the existing treatment system so that it meets the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for unrestricted wastewater reuse. They also test new aquatic plants in the existing systems, identify opportunities to upscale both the collection and treatment components of the project, and gather data on the impact of urban agriculture and wastewater treatment on household incomes.

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources Water quality of aquatic ecosystems

Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed)

Biodiversity for food and medicine

In 2002, EU organic certification for the 40 HB farmers is obtained, for the first time in Lebanon.Now, Healthy Basket is operating very efficiently and it has become a fully sustainable business promoting trade locally. It supports the livelihoods of nearly 40 small and medium scale producers who have recently converted to organic farming, and employs 4 staff. It focuses on the national market rather than on exports and is estimated to constitute 40-50% of the Lebanese organic market. HB also helps farmers apply for funding from NGOs for individual or collective projects. Recently, HB was able to help 6 olive oil producers secure $10,000 from the US-based NGO SEAL (Socio-Economic Action for Lebanon) to create a new brand of organic olive oil called “Les Artisans de l’Olivier”.HB also helped the women-owned company “Earth and co” to improve their production and quality and obtain organic certification, which has resulted in improving their ability to export to the Gulf countries. Today, 30% of the total sales of HB are processed products manufactured by women.

1) With the participation of local residents, Enda-RUP built two wastewater treatment stations under the PADE program, in 1994 and 1995. Researchers found that some vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater produced higher yields, compared to plants irrigated with tap water and fed fertilizers. For example, cabbages watered with treated wastewater are yielding 47.8 tons a year per hectare, compared with 32.1 tons a year per hectare in fields where tap water and fertilizers are used, according to Enda-RUP. Moreover, research has shown that malaria-carrying mosquitoes cannot breed in the ponds where water is treated. In Castor, the water lettuce is thriving and the community is growing and selling hot red peppers, corn, zucchini, okra, onions and fruits such as bananas, apples, and papayas on-site.Malaria, cholera, and diarrhoea, which in the past were frequent in children, have practically disappeared. Women’s household chores were considerably lightened.

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

2001 1992

ongoing ongoing

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Dakar

Health Basket is a Limitied Liability Company owned by the American University of Beirout

Environmental Development Action in the Third World (ENDA Tiers Monde) with support of International Development Research Center (IDRC), in partnership with the town hall in Rufisque, the Senegalese environmental ministry and the district administration of the Castor Arafat neighbourhood.

“Business for the poor: Healthy Basket, a socially responsible company trading in organic produce in Lebanon and the Middle East” by Rami Zurayk and Rania ToumalIDRC project overview, phase 1: http://www.crdi.ca/en/ev-81996-201_004367-1-IDRC_ADM_INFO.html

HB website: http://www.healthybasket.org/about.php IDRC project completion report, phase 1: http://www.idrc.org/fr/ev-6339-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

Webpage from American University of Beirut: http://wwwlb.aub.edu.lb/~webeco/healthybasket/page4.htmlIDRC project overview, phase 2: http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-83062-201_101535-1-IDRC_ADM_INFO.html

“Low Cost Sanitation - A Project that Needs Refreshing” , by Madieng Seck* in S-dev Geneva 2005: http://www.s-dev.org/en/decouvrir/villes/villes.php?idContent=89

“Liquid manna? Treating Urban Wastewater for local gardening”, Coumba Sylla, AFP, Dakar, 2004

Related project: “Holistic landscaping project” in Deir Nbouh village, Lebanon. This project run by IBSAR aims at promoting a sustainable utilization of regional biodiversity through supporting essential oil production from native Lebanese plants, goats raising, honey beekeeping and organic faring. Contact: Arbi J. Sarkissian, IBSAR - Outreach Project Manager, ibsarorh@aub.edu.lb See: Project summary or: http://www.ibsar.org/activities/landscape/sub_landscape/holistic_landscape.php

Rami Zurayk, Professor of Land and Water ResourcesFaculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences

American University of BeirutLebanon

+961 3 733227rzurayk@aub.edu.lb

Malick GayeENDA, Relais pour le developpement urbain participle (RUP)

Rue Félix Eboué x FaidherbeB.P. 27 083 Malick SY, Dakar - Sénégal

Tél.: (221)33 822 09 42 / Fax: (221) 33 821 41 66E-mail : rup@enda.sn

Web : http://rup.enda.sn

At the 1996 Habitat Summit in Istanbul, UN-Habitat recognized the project as a model for other African nations. In 1998 Six years ago, the “Femmes Assainissement” group won the Head of State’s Grand Prize which rewards women’s groups in Dakar.

Progress report to come in 2009

Mangroves Biotrade

Climate change Small alternative business

Typhoons Business and Biodiversity

Tree planting Medicinal Plants

Reforestation

Systematization document to come

Management of Natural Resources inthe Coastal Zone of Soc Trang Province

SME “Jambi Kiwa” Association of Medicinal Plant producers in Chimborazo Province, Ecuador

About 74 percent of Vietnam's 80 million people live in the low-lying coastal areas potentially at risk from rising sea. In case of unpredictable storms, forests can reduce the size and the power of waves. But thousands of hectares of mangrove forest were lost to shrimp farming in the 1980s and 1990s, and soil erosion is important.The main environmental concerns include the ecological consequences of conversion of natural ecosystems, particularly mangroves, for construction of shrimp ponds, flooding and salination of groundwater and agricultural land, use of fish meal in shrimp diets, pollution of coastal waters from pond effluents, and biodiversity issues arising from collection of wild brood and seed.

Migration from rural to urban areas has become widespread in Ecuador and can be largely attributed to soil deterioration and decreased crop productivity. In most cases, land degradation has been a result of non-sustainable practices, such as intensive production processes and excessive use of agrochemicals. Repercussions on rural family incomes have been significant, forcing them to search for new income-earning activities, mainly in urban areas.The sustainable production of biodiversity derived products is therefore an opportunity for rural communities as well as an important development option for biodiversity-rich countries like Ecuador. Jambi Kiwa started in 1998 as a pilot project of 20 women that transformed medicinal and aromatic plants then commercialized them at the local/national market. By 2001, the project evolved into a community-run SME named Jambi Kiwa, aiming to improve the quality of life of its members by increasing their income through better production of traditional crops; to revalue their traditional knowledge on natural medicine and avoid the destruction of their environment.

The objective for the first phase (2007-2010) is to promote co-management of the coastal zone between resource users (local communities, shrimp farmers) and local, district and provincial authorities. The project provides methodological, sectoral and financial assistance for the establishment of a multi-stakeholder and institutional setup at provincial, district and commune level. These committees, working groups and fora will improve integrated land and resource-use planning, clarify institutional responsibilities, and test and implement participatory co-management approaches:- Co-management regulations and mechanisms for the protection and sustainable use of the coastal zone.- Techniques for effective management and rehabilitation of mangrove forests.- Conservation objectives integrated in village development and land use planning.- Participatory environmental impact monitoring system.- Concept for the sustainable financing of ecosystem services provided by coastal wetlands.

Jambi Kiwa uses more than 64 plants – some of them from degraded ecosystems – to produce raw materials used for national agroindustries and finished products, including 44 plants.The system includes good practices such as organic cultivation, collection and reforestation with native plants, prevention of forest burning, agro-forestry management plans at individual property level, seeds banks, construction of terraces, and penalizes those who refuse to comply. A three years strategy was initiated in 2005-2008 by PNBSE (Programa Nacional de Biocomercio Sostenible Ecuador with 6 objectives: 1) a training program: native plants production, management, good agricultural practices 2) a products’ diversification program: obtain organic certification, improve advertisement 3) a communication program 4) a financial assistance program 5) a coordination and monitoring program 6) a systematization program

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats Biodiversity for food and medicine

This SME involves more than 632 families in 62 communities of the Chimborazo province. Eighty percent of its members are women between the ages of 20 and 50 years with high levels of illiteracy and 75 percents of members are indigenous Puruha. Volumes of raw material distributed have increased and organic certification was obtained. Jambi Kiwa products are now distributed in the main national supermarkets and in France and Canada. The SME has 9 stable clients, especially phytopharmaceutical and tea companies. Family income from plant production varies according to the size of their lands, running from US$10 to US$50 monthly for lands ranging in size from 100 m2 to 1000 m2. The family incomes have globally been increased by 25%.Jambi Kiwa have also achieved healthier products and plantations: low pollution concentration in the soil by avoiding the use of pesticides, fertilizers or chemicals; lands and crops under sustainable management (agroforestry systems), which is being profitable in economic and environmental terms

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Mar-07 2005

ongoing ongoing

vn ec

Soc Trang Province Chimborazo Province

GTZ (German Development Agency) in cooperation with the International Center for Environmental Management

SME Jambi Kiwa with support of GTZ-Germany, Comart Foudation of Canada, CORPEI, Sustainable Biotrade Initiative-Ecuador

Project flyer, page 1 Project summary (in spanish)

Project flyer, page 2 Project presentation (see pages 17-18)

"Vietnam: Mangrove project to protect residents from storm surges”, September 17 2008, IRIN News Asia: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=80103Report “Trade and sustainable land management in drylands”, International Center on Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD), August 2007 (see page 75)

Case study by UNCTAD (see pages 2-3)

Systematizacion Jambi Kiwa

Related document: Study published by Biotrade Initiative UNCTAD, "Primeras experiencias en el apoyo a cadenas de valor de productos de Biocomercio". This document contains several related case studies about incentive measures and private sector involvement.

Dr Klaus Schmitt, Chief Technical Advisor Management of Natural Resources in the Coastal Zone of Soc Trang

ProvinceTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH

164 Tran Hung Street, Soc Trang Town, Vietnam T + 84 79 622165M + 84 91 4645051F + 84 79 622125

E klaus.schmitt@gtz.de

Nancy Sanchez, Analista del Programa Nacional Biocomercio Sostenible EcuadorCORPEI

Av. De las Américas # 406 Centro de Convenciones de Guayaquil Simón Bolívar

Guayaquil, EcuadorTel: +593 4 228 7123 ext. 277

Fax: +539 4 229 2910biocomercio@corpei.org.ec

A progress report report will be available in 2009 => contact Klauss Schmitt. The project will also: - draft a regulatory framework, principles and guidelines for sustainable management and utilisation of coastal areas,- raise awareness about environmental issues for local communities and authorities, and- identify opportunities for partnerships with the private sector, to create income for local communities as part of aquatic value chains.

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Namibia Crane Action Plan

wetlands

birds conservation

endangered species

Namibia boasts three of the world's fifteen crane species:- The Blue Crane which is rated as globally Vulnerable, but Critically Endangered and possibly declining in Namibia; numbers are 20 000 overall, with 60 (maximum) in Namibia. - The Wattled Crane which is also Critically Endangered and the global population is stable; numbers are 8 000 overall, with 200 in Namibia. - The Grey Crowned Crane which is Near Threatened and the world population is stable/ declining; numbers are 58 000 - 77 000 overall (8 000 - 12 000 in southern Africa and 50 000 - 65 000 in East Africa), with less than 50 in Namibia.The main threats are: hunting and trapping, water pollution, deforestation, burning and overgrazing that destroy the habitat, and traditional beliefs (owls being bad luck).Due to growing concerns regarding the continued survival of cranes, the Namibia Crane Working Group (NCWG) was established at a workshop in Etosha in May 2004 and a Namibia Crane Action Plan was drawn up in consultation with representatives from five crane areas, namely Etosha, North Central, Kavango, Caprivi and Bushmanland.

The Namibia Crane Action Plan therefore has the following objectives, namely to:1. Co-ordinate conservation effort and promote networking.2. Obtain information and data: crane counts, local cranes awareness surveys…3. Promote conservation awareness/education: regular newsletter, events4. Conserve crane populations and habitats.5. Promote the economic value of cranes and their habitats.6. Build capacity: field guide training is in progress and the group has been in¬volved in its exciting "Children in the Wilderness" programme.7. Develop area-based crane management strategies: policy changes, incentives for conservationA Namibia Blue Crane Project was initiated in March 2006, as part of the Namibia Crane Action Plan

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

In April 2006 a survey of Blue Cranes at Etosha National Park yielded a good count, namely minimum of 60 adults plus 6 juveniles compared to the previous estimate of 60 (49 adults and 11 juveniles) in 1996. But as conditions became progressively drier, crane numbers dropped and by September 2007, no cranes were recorded within the Park, although around 30 were reported in East Caprivi (some 900 km to the east). An aerial survey over parts of southern Angola in September 2007 also yielded no sightings of Blue Cranes, but around 25 individuals at Lake Oponono.Despite the varying numbers of adult birds, successful breeding is continuing with at least seven chicks produced in 2006, only one chick (recorded) in 2007 and at least eight chicks in 2008.An effective communication system has been set up, supported by regular newsletters. Much activity has centred on gathering information and data, and promoting conservation awareness. A crane data recording sheet has been implemented. Red Data Book and popular species accounts have been compiled for cranes.

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

2004

ongoing

na

Etosha

Implementation: Namibia Crane Working GroupPartners: Ministry of Wildlife and Tourism (MET) and the African Wattled Crane Programme of the International Crane Foundation (AWAC)Funding: Namibia Nature Foundation and SIDA through the Swedish Embassy

Project's webpage: http://www.nnf.org.na/CRANES/index.htm

Article on Crane Surveys, April 2006

Article published in Africa, Birds and Birding August/September 2006

NCWG report on an annual meeting and workshop, 2005

Media release on Blue Cranes, April 2008

Dr. Mike & Ann Scott Namibia Crane Working Group co-ordinators

Tel: (064) 40-4866Cell: 081-284-5130ecoserve@iway.na

The nest steps will be:- Focus on gathering information on cranes and continue develop people’s awareness: Further crane surveys are planned for the coming year. Information on cranes will be distributed more widely, using existing channels where possible, and through a website. Public involvement will be promoted, e.g. in the form of "crane custodian" certificates. Further guide training will form part of the development of a crane/wetland-based tourist route. A crane resource book and poster are being developed. Youth nature clubs are being encouraged.- Policy changes: “this is something we can start looking at if necessary when we start with the drafting of a species management plan for the Blue Crane in Namibia, but that will still take a while” (Dr Ann Scott). - Tourism: “we are trying to promote the economic value of birds through the development of sustainable, community-based tourism (mainly the training of guides and the development of bird-based tourism routes)”

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Organic certification

Sustainable business

Fair Trade

kernels harvesting

Swazi Secrets: Improving primary producers incomes through organic certification of Marula oil, Swaziland

Poverty is still widespread in Swaziland but so too is natural woodland, retaining a marvellous biodiversity of indigenous plants and trees. As elsewhere in the world, that biodiversity is under threat: invasive alien species, overgrazing and erosion, cutting down of woodlands, use of chemicals and pesticides. Such has been the backdrop for the formation of Swazi Indigenous Products (SIP) in 2004 as a community owned, not for profit Company set up to empower rural Swazi

women through the development and commercialization of Marula kernels. The primary purpose of the project has always been rural income generation but environmental sustainability and protection of biodiversity have always been

fundamental planks in the strategy.

SIP started trading in July 2005, operating from a factory in Mpaka in the heart of the Swazi Low Veld. It currently employs 17 permanent staff. It purchases seed kernels from over 2,000 rural Swazi women, which it processes into natural oils.1) Rural income generation: SIP raw material suppliers are currently individual producers who are currently forming into Member Groups which will own the Company. It is being done through having suppliers of Marula kernels voluntarily becoming members of the company by paying a membership fees which entitles them to a higher price for their kernels. To qualify as organic suppliers, individual harvesters must attend the company’s organic training programme and then comply with the rules for organic supply.2) Environmental sustainability: Organic suppliers are contractually required to plant at least one tree annually. Organic certification also involve imparting extensive education to suppliers about what they put on their fields.

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed)

1) Through support from the Natural Futures Programme grant, SIP has gained organic certification for its Marula oil in 2007, becoming the first Swazi organisation to achieve this status. The organic certification was awarded by Ecocert and allows the Company to secure a 50% price premium on bulk oil sales to Europe. 420 organic suppliers are registered by the end of August 2008, 122 in January 2007. 1,400 kg of organic kernels purchased during the first year of organic certification (although the target was 3 metric tonnes of organic kernels for 2007). The amount of sales was R839,708 in 2007 and should reach R1.6m in 2008. Over E360,000 were paid directly to rural harvesters in 2006.2) If SIP is purchasing up to 30 tonnes of kernels per year, it is taking only 10% of kernels of the harvested trees, i.e. all seeds from 90% of the trees in the lowveld remain in the natural cycle. The project has stimulated local chiefs to emphasize that marula trees should be protected. The organic certification has had some impact among organic suppliers and created a higher level of awareness about what fertilizers and pesticides they use.

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

2004

ongoing

sw

Mpaka

Swazi Indigenous Products (SIP)Funding: Natural Futures Programme (implemented by IUCN-SA and Phyto-Trade Africa), WK Kellog FoundationAdditional support: Swaziland Government

Project summary by PhytoTrade Africa, August 2007

Swazi Secrets website: http://www.swazisecrets.com/whatsnew.asp

SIP conclusions on the harvesting of sustainable volumes

self assessment report to IFAT

Related project: "Tawaya - Murmuru butter and soaps"

John Pearce, Executive DirectorSwazi Indigenous Products

Mpaka, SwazilandTel: (+268) 3333281/2

P O Box 163, Mpaka, SwazilandFax: (+268) 333 3283

E-mail: john@swazisecrets.com

Awards: 2006 Winner of The PhytoTrade Africa Ubuntu Natural Award for outstanding achievement in Fair Trade natural products.Future developments: - SIP is a member of IFAT (International Fair Trade Asoociations) and is awaiting confirmation of fully registered membership, having conducted a self assessment two months ago. - In order to ensure that the members/suppliers continue to enjoy a plentiful long-term supply of fruits and kernel, SIP will attempt to conduct tree counting in supplier communities at regular intervals, in order to monitor for any change in inventory that may result from harvesting.- The development of an Environmental Charter is scheduled to be completed by March 2009.- SIP is engaged in debate with the Ministry of Agriculture over plans to eradicate alien invasive species – in particular, we are lobbying for this to be done where possible without the use of pesticides that will adversely affect indigenous species.

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Proyecto Titi in Columbia Painted dogs Conservation in Zimbabwe

Endangered species Endangered species

Rainforest Wildlife conservation

Pet trade Illegal poaching

Forest corridors Environmental education

Local artwork

The cotton-top tamarin is endemic to Colombia and found only in the country’s northwest region. It is estimated that only 6,000 individuals remain. The species was declared endangered in 1973 following the exportation of 20,000 – 40,000 tamarins to the United States for use in biomedical research. These close relatives of human beings were found to spontaneously develop colonic adenocarcinoma (a cancer of the colon). Today the primary threat to the survival of the cotton-top tamarin is destruction of its rainforest habitat for agriculture, fuel, and housing. An astonishing 98% of its original habitat has been lost in the last seven years. Only 7,600 acres of forest suitable for cotton-top tamarins remain. The capture of individual monkeys for the pet trade also endangers the species. Proyecto Titi is dedicated to increasing understanding and respect for the tamarin and fostering community involvement in conservation.

The painted dog, or African wild dog, was once common in Africa with over 500,000 in 39 countries. The effects of human encroachment have drastically reduced their range and numbers. Currently, an estimated 3,000 dogs remain, restricted to four southern African countries: Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa. While there is no record of a painted dog ever attacking a human being, people remain the greatest threat to the dog's survival. Major threats to painted dogs in Zimbabwe include snares, shooting and poisoning (for traditional medicine and fear of livestock predation) and road kills.

Proyecto Tití was established in 1985 to develop a long-term conservation program to insure the survival of cotton-top tamarins. It combines:- field research: Tamarins are monitored by radio telemetry. - forest conservation: PT is working to purchase land that contains the last remaining contiguous forest suitable for cotton-top survival. PT also works closely with local communities: Farmers set aside sections of their land to plant young trees. These tracts of new forest also serve as important travel corridors for the tamarins. The introduction of “clay bindes” in local communities reduces the amount of firewood required for cooking (clay bindes burn 2/3 less wood per day).- education initiatives and community programs: The eco-mochila project is a community-led enterprise. Local women learn how to transform discarded plastic into colorfully designed, hand-knit mochilas and hats. Children from the communities collect the bags, which are carefully cleaned before they are crocheted into attractive accessories. The mochilas are sold throughout Colombia and internationally.

The Painted Dog Conservation Organisation’s mission is to conserve and increase the range and numbers of the painted dog (Lycaon pictus) both in Zimbabwe and elsewhere in Africa by providing conservation tools and education material that can be used to protect this highly endangered carnivore. The project has 5 components:1- Research: community-based monitoring, radio collars2- Direct conservation of the dogs: anti-poaching units, road signs, injured dogs rehabilitation3- Conservation education: Community Outreach Programme in local schools and communities4- Capacity building for the future: training ; Bush Camp free of charge for schoolchildren.5 - Community development: Community members are employed in anti-poaching units to clear snares which are then turned into artwork by local artisans and sold to generate income for communities. PDC also offers HIV-AIDS testing and treatment to conservation workers and is helping establish HIV programs in some of the country's most desperate communities.

Change in status of threatened species Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Connectivity - fragmentation of ecosystems

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed)

A census was conducted in 2005-2006 examining the status of the wild population of cotton-top tamarins. The results of the census in addition to the challenges with habitat destruction, resulted in the IUCN Primate Specialist Group recommending the classification of cotton-top tamarins be changed to Critically Endangered in 2008. Significant advances have been made in developing self-sustaining captive breeding populations in both laboratories and zoos. Through the efforts of the American Zoo and Aquarium Association Species Survival Plan more than 300 cotton-top tamarins are cooperatively managed in more than 80 U.S. zoos. Proyecto Titi has been actively involved in studying wild cotton-top tamarins for many years, and released a lot of publications on the behavior, reproductive patterns, and parental care strategies of this primate.The women’s artisan group, ASOARTESANAS, have recycled more than 1.5 million plastic bags.Until 2008, Proyecto Titi has provided training to more than 300 women.

Zimbabwe's wild dog population has increased from 400 to 700 individuals since the project's inception. PDC has placed road signs warning “painted dog crossing” at key traffic locations, which together with the reflective collars have resulted in a 50% reduction of road kills.The anti poaching units provide a blanket of protection over a region of approximately 1,600 square kilometres and have collected over 15,000 wire snares since they were first deployed in August 2001. In 2007 five orphaned dogs were released following rehabilitation. The year 2007 saw the completion of PDC's Education Complex facilities (the culmination of five years of work), which now includes a painted dog viewing platform and a Visitors Center with a world class Interpretive Hall. The snare wire art is promoted through the Iganyana Arts Center, founded by PDC in 2003. Artisans now produce over 70 products.PDC employs 67 local staff.

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

1985

ongoing ongoing

co zw

Hwange National Park

Implementation: Proyecto Titi, Inc. (non-profit organization)Partners: CARDIQUE (Corporación Autónoma Regional del Canal del Dique) ; Disney’s Animal Kingdom; Wildlife Conservation Network (WCN); Zoologico de Barranquilla

Painted Dog Conservation (PDC), supported by Wildlife Conservation Network (WCN)

Project website: http://www.proyectotiti.com/english/how-to-build-a-binde/default.htmAn interview with Peter Blinston of Painted Dog Conservation, mongabay.com, September 29 2008 http://news.mongabay.com/2008/0928-wcn_interview_blinston.html

WCN webpage: http://wildlifeconservationnetwork.org/wildlife/cottontop.html WCN webpage: http://wildlifeconservationnetwork.org/wildlife/africandog2.html#threats

Last developments in Newsletter, July 2008 Project website: http://www.painteddog.org/Enter.htm

Article published in "OnEarth", 2007: http://www.onearth.org/article/how-to-save-a-monkeyArticle published on September 18, 2008: http://allafrica.com/stories/200809180775.html

Article published in El Tiempo columbian newspaper

Article on endangered primates in Columbian forests: http://www.conservation.org/FMG/Articles/Pages/colombia_threatened_tamarin_spider_monkey_IPS.aspxRelated project: African Wild Dogs Release in Northern Tuli Game Reserve

proyectotiti@proyectotiti.com.

Painted Dog ConservationHwange National Park

Post Office Box 72Dete, Zimbabwe

Peter Blinston, managerphdrpete@mweb.co.zw

Proyecto Tití has been working closely with The Nature Conservancy and local conservation agencies to establish a protected area for cotton-top tamarins.Based on the census results and visits to the sites identified as priority area for cotton-top tamarin conservation, TNC is developing a plan to conserve some of the last remaining dry tropical forests in the region. In collaboration with several local agencies, TNC is hoping to purchase approximately 1,000 hectares of forested land or land that can be recuperated for wildlife conservation efforts.

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Ecotourism Business and Biodiversity

Islands Biotrade

Orchids Butterflies breeding

Waste management Illegal Trade

Report on tourism and biodiversity to come

Community Tourism in Andaman Islands: Andaman Discoveries Alas de Columbia: native butterflies breeding in Columbia

Since rebuilding their lives after the 2004 tsunami, some villagers in Ban Talae Nok, a village of 67 homes situated in between the coral reefs and dense rainforests of Southern Thailand, are using tourism as a tool for sustainable development. Community members offer homestays, eco-tours and other activities — allowing visitors to participate in the traditional way of life that so often eludes the casual tourist. Their work has been assisted by Andaman Discoveries, a social enterprise founded in 2006 that works as part of the North Andaman Community Tourism Network. Under the sponsorship of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), these two groups are serving as a bridge between local villages and the private sector.

Butterflies are biodiversity indicators, and the areas were the company works host a broad variety of species: El Arenillo counts almost 300 species, 220 classified in a taxonomy, and 100 studied in their complete life cycles. Rio Bravo, Darien, which counts a superior number of species though still undetermined, is on of the most famous regions of the country for its fauna and flora diversity.Columbia is well-known around the world for its illegal trade of butterflies. Legal trade thus appears to be the best alternative to value Columbian species.

The project’s objectives are:- Initial engagement with community tourism stakeholders and synthesis of baseline information, through organization of meetings with local NGOs, and workshops.- Relationship-building between stakeholders leading to mutual benefit, and ongoing cooperation. The methods used were the organization of tours, village-to-village group tours. - Increased promotion capacity for community tourism: production of communication material, promotional trip leading to contract rates between five communities and nine tour operators.The majority of guests’ fees go directly to villagers and 20% of in-village costs is donated to the community fund, which finances community-led projects including waste management, mangrove conservation, adult education and children’s activities. Villagers decide on how they use the community fund.

The Butterfly Farm, located southwest of Colombia in the Andean Tropical Woodland Zone has started in 2001 as a unique non-traditional export company. Its initial goals are: a) to breed and export butterflies b) to foster the understanding of butterflies and to increase awareness of the natural habitat in which butterflies thrive. The centre is home to over 350 butterflies of 30 different species. The company has the environmental license to export butterflies issued by the proper authorities of the country. The company works with 16 families from the area. In October 2003 it began to work with the Indian community Cristal Chami from Cauca Valley who was used to extract illegally the exotic insects to sell them to foreign people who used to come to Colombia to smuggle this insects and sell them for high prices abroad paying really few to the indigenous.

Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed) Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed)

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Ecological footprint and related concepts

In a survey in June 2007, over 90% of 176 villagers responded that tourism has positively impacted on their community. Guests in village participating in daily activities and local tours demonstrate to villagers the value of their culture. Since late 2006 when AD developed from NATR they have had approximately 250 visitors, generated nearly $19,800 USD direct income to villagers and contributed $3,500 USD to the community fund to support village-wide projects. The waste management programs have collected and sold several thousand kg of litter and recyclables, reducing the amount of glass and metal going into landfills. Proceeds fund litter awareness programs. The orchid conservation project has placed several hundred orchids in the surrounding forest. Our efforts in capacity building lead to one village, Ban Talae Nok, to be awarded approximately $7,000 USD by the Thai government for tourism promotion in July 2007.

An Environmental Law in Colombia asks to the Company to release 5% of butterflies monthly produced and in addition, they have to plant a quota of trees and host plants for butterflies all around in forest and rivers. In consequence, butterfly population has increase last years in the area even if they do not have statistics or numbers about. All the raised species come from the areas of primary and secondary forests located in the breeding farm’s zone of influence, thereby avoiding the introduction of species from other habitats. The national market is centered in the city of Cali and its surrounding communities. The merchandise is also sold in an ecological store in Bogota. Right now Alas de Columbia works with 16 families from the mountains. There are 12 families living with incomes of butterfly farming and other 4 families are being trained in the activity and are having first results and will be receiving incomes in one or two months.

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

200524-Sep-01

ongoing ongoing

th co

Andaman islands Cauca Valley

Implementation: Andaman Discoveries; North Andaman Community Tourism Network (NACTN); North Andaman Tsunami Relief (NATR)Funding: Ecosystem Grants Programme (EGP) from the IUCN National Committee of the Netherlands; Thai Government

Funding: “Acción Social”, a Columbian government programmeSupport: Alexander von Humboldt Institute Sustainable Biotrade Programme Corporation del Valle del Canca (CVC)Smurfit Cartón Foundation of Colombia which published a children' story about butterflies

Draft report Biotrade brochure (see pages 15-16)

News release Alas de Columbia website: http://www.alasdecolombia.com/start_about.htm

Andaman Discoveries' website: http://www.andamandiscoveries.com/

Partnership Andaman Discoveries/ NATR: http://www.mangroveactionproject.org/issues/tourism/community-based-tourism-cbt/north-andaman-tsunami-relief-natr-andaman-discoveries

Interview of Kelly May, Co. Director of AD: http://www.changemakers.net/node/7125

Bodhi GarrettLead Consultant

North Andaman Community Tourism Network081-787-7344

bodhi@iucnt.org

Mrs. Vanessa Wilches RestrepoE-mail: mercadeo@alasdecolombia.com

Directora ComercialALAS DE COLOMBIA, mariposas nativas Ltda.

www.alasdecolombia.comCalle 26 Norte # 2BN - 130 Cali - Colombia

Tel: 57-2-6605066 Fax: 57-2-6605096 Cel: 310 3884534

In recognition of their unique approach, Andaman Discoveries recently received a 2008 SEED Award for Entrepreneurship in Sustainable Development. Chosen from close to 400 applications from over 100 countries worldwide, Andaman Discoveries will use the Award to expand its partnerships with the local Community Tourism Network. AD won the 2007 Virgin Holidays Responsible Tourism Award for Preservation of Cultural Heritage and we were the finalist of the 2007 Wild Asia Responsible Tourism Award. AD is preparing a report for IUCN on tourism and biodiversity => contact Bodi Garrett

Awards: In 2002 the Company won the First Prize in the Colombian Biotrade Contest in the Small Business category, Andean Development Corporation – Alexander von Humboldt Institute.

Future developments: “Right now there we are starting a research project with some students of biology who will determinate the increase in butterfly population in the area of our butterfly farm and here in Cali where we sell butterflies to release in weddings and celebrations”

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EHS projects with ALCAN

Business and biodiversity

Invasive alien species

Insects

Australia

The Yellow Crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) is recognised by the Global Invasive Species Programme as one of the world's worst invaders. It has infested more than 350 hectares over a 25,000 km2 area in remote north-east Arnhem Land, and represents a major environmental and economic threat to northern Australia.The density of foraging worker ants in supercolonies is amazing, reaching around 1000 per square metre or 79 million per hectare of bush.The ants have a significant impact on biodiversity, and seriously disrupted ecological processes. They can cause outbreaks of sap-sucking insects, which in turn are able to kill vegetation.Alcan is currently supporting a three-year program to control or eradicate Crazy Ants from the Gove Peninsula in order to minimize the economic and environmental impacts of this infestation.

The Yellow Crazy Ant management project is led jointly by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) and Dhimurru Land Management Aboriginal Corporation, along with support and funding from several government and non-government organizations. Alcan bought the majority of the ant bait and provided the funding for the wages of two Indigenous staff for a 12-month period. Initial work has concentrated on areas where Crazy Ants and people are interacting in order to prevent the spread of the ant to new locations. In 2005, AU$500,000 was allocated to ensure the continuation of the project. Beyond eradication, this program also incorporates a monitoring program designed to ensure that re-infestation does not occur. "Specifically for treatments, we use Presto (fishmeal bait matrix with .01% fipronil) at the rate of 10 kg/ha dispersed by helicopter. We are unable to detect any non-target impacts 12 months after treatment, rather a rapid recovery of the native fauna. There are large impacts imposed by A. gracilipes instead."

Trends in invasive alien species

To date, over 10,000 locations have been inspected for the presence of Yellow Crazy Ants, detecting approximately 100 infestations. Sixty-eight (68) sites with a combined area of 1,200 hectares have been treated, including all places where the ant and people are known to coexist. Of the sites inspected, almost 100% eradication was achieved in the savanna sites, using the single treatment, with minimal impact on native species. It is believed that further spread of the ant has been stopped. Ongoing activities include the identification and treatment of remaining infestations, followed by the measurement of eradication success. "Eradication success is measured by the use of attractive cat food lures placed at a density of approximately one per 2 square metres (we have used over 500,000 lures to date). We have 20 infestations declared eradicated. Luring is conducted no less than 12 months post-treatment to ensure ease of finding (any) persisting populations."

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

2004

ongoing

au

Implementation: Dhimurru Aboriginal Land Management Corporation; local Aboriginal communities; the Northern Territory Government; the Northern Land Council; the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)Funding: the Natural Heritage Trust and the Indigenous Land Corporation; ALCAN-Gove

Project summary

Media release, 2004: http://www.csiro.au/files/mediaRelease/mr2004/CrazyAnts.htm

CSIRO's website: http://www.csiro.au/science/TropicalPestAnts.html

Yellow Crazy Ant management - document compiled by the IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)

“Tailing Reservoir revegetation project” in Brazil: Tailings ponds are reservoirs constructed in mined-out areas where bauxite residue is thickened with no addition of chemical products. After drainage, the now-empty reservoirs are prepared for planting, using seeds of native species. With an average annual investment of US$2.6 million, the project involves technological development and monitoring of the pond revegetation. The return of the tailings to the mined-out area avoids the use of new areas for its storage, avoiding the deforestation of about 1,200 hectares of Amazon forest during the operation's life span.http://www.publications.alcan.com/sustainability/2005/en/pages/issue_3_resource_ex_brazil.html

Ms Barbara McKaige Research Support Manager

CSIRO Sustainable EcosystemsPhone: 61 8 8944 8411

Alt Phone: 61 8 8944 8400 Fax: 61 8 8944 8444

Email: Barbara.McKaige@csiro.auor CSIRO’s Yellow crazy ant research, Dr Ben Hoffmann

Ben.Hoffmann@csiro.au

" We have treated approximately 70 sites (infestations) covering approximately 1200 ha, but have only been able to do detailed assessments on 20 to demonstrate that the ant has been fully eradicated. We have learnt a lot during the course of the project, and have modified our protocols many times, and we now believe that we know how to effectively eradicate this ant from large areas.We also know that the ant is so widely dispersed throughout the region that we will not be able to fully eradicate it - the area that would need to be treated is just too large. Instead, we propose to eradicate all of the outlier populations, all populations where people are present (e.g. Aboriginal communities), all infestations within the Rio Tinto Alcan mining leases, and from the Dhimurru Indigenous Protected Area. This will regionally contain yellow crazy ant to a very remote section of unmanaged bushland and greatly reduce the rist of spread throghout northern Australia."

report for FFI to come

Saiga Conservation Alliance, Central Asia

antelope conservation

illegal poaching

habitat degradation

wildlife trade

The saiga antelope roams the steppes and plains of Central Asia and Russia. It is a relic of Ice Age fauna that included mammoths and saber-tooth cats. Herds of saiga once numbered in the millions, but today only 40,000 survive. In the past ten years, saiga numbers have declined by 96%, the fastest decline ever recorded for a mammal species.The saiga antelope is listed as Critically Endangered by IUCN's Red List. The main threats are:- illegal poaching: the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 brought poverty and unregulated hunting to this region. Borders were opened up to poachers in search of saiga horns to sell for use in traditional medicine and for meat to sell and feed to their families. - migrations’ disturbance: Saigas’s migration is currently threatened by a gas pipeline that is being built in the main saiga range from Uzbekistan into Russia. - habitat degradation: loss of grazing land due to ever-increasing numbers of domestic livestock.

The Saiga Conservation Alliance (SCA) is a group of scientists and conservationists that started working as a research effort to collect information on saiga antelope ecology, but evolved into a community-based conservation initiative across the range countries. It works by a) adressing the economic forces which threaten its survival:- rotating cow project: to alleviate pressure on wild animals hunted for food, a cow is given to poor families who could not otherwise afford one, to provide milk and offspring for building a small herd. The first female calf is given back as payment, which will then contribute to the supply for another family in need.b) by engaging local communities in saiga protection:- public awareness including use of media appearances, talks in schools, puppets shows, publication of Saiga News bulletin.- education through arts with saiga art competitions, cooperative of women promoting traditional artistic skillsc) and by fostering collaborative efforts in saiga conservation: collaboration with governments and companies, community involvement in participatory monitoring programme

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

There is evidence that the previous severe decline in the global Saiga population has stabilised since 2002 with increases reported for some populations. National reports indicate: 15-20,000 in Russia and stable; c. 40,000 in Kazakhstan and an upward trend; maximum 2,000 inTurkmenistan in some winters, and stable; maximum 15,000 in Uzbekistan in winter and declining ; 3,240 in Mongolia in January 2008, an 11.8% increase in saiga numbers in comparison to last year’s survey.The following achievements can be recognized:• Conservation interventions by governmental and non-governmental organisations have increased, and there is improved collaboration between them.• The severe global population decline has apparently been halted and some populations may have begun to increase.• Improved techniques have led to regular breeding of captive animals.• Integration of Saiga conservation into wider biodiversity conservation was initiated.• Widespread public awareness campaigns have been effective.• The Government of China has expressed its commitment to control trade in Saiga products (new legislation in November 2007 : see progress report July 2008)

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Saiga Conservation Alliance (SCA) with support of World Conservation Network

Sep-06

ongoing

Central Asia

Project's website: http://www.saiga-conservation.com/

WCN's related webpage: http://wildlifeconservationnetwork.org/wildlife/saiga2.html#conservationist

Overview report

Progress report July 2008

An article in the Independent newspaper published on 31 January 2008 has higlighted saiga antelopes as one of the world's rare-but-ugly species that need greater attention from conservationists, the public and media alike.Jonathan Baillie of the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) said of the saiga: "I would put this in the unusual, almost cute category. You're not repulsed when you look at it. You think more of Star Wars." The interview with Baillie follows ZSL's recently developed EDGE list, which ranks species according to not only how endangered they are, but also how distinctive. The saiga antelope comes 62 on the list.http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/dont-call-them-ugly-the-notsocute-critters-that-are-facing-extinction-776060.html

Alexander Esipov & Elena Bykova [esipov@sarkor.uz]

In February 2008, a plan for joint activities towards the conservation of the Ustiurt saiga population was agreed between the Governments of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, for the period 2008-2010. An agreement has been signed between the Uzbekistan Ministry of Nature Protection and the Institute of Zoology, for joint scientific monitoring and conservation work, starting in May 2008 for 4 years.

More information to come

Lachua project in Guatemala

Sustainable land management

Economic incentives

Forest conservation

Deforestation/ reforestation

Forest corridors

The Ecoregión Lachuá is composed of a population of indigenous Q´eqchi´ subsistence farmers, all of whom reside in communities located in an area of high-biodiversity sub-tropical rainforest that encompasses the National Park named Laguna Lachuá.The principal threat is deforestation: an estimated 73,148 hectares are deforested in Guatemala every year, which corresponds to a rate of deforestation of 1.43%. It has been determined that 39% or 28,517 hectares of the deforestation occurred inside national protected areas, an astounding number considering the impact such activities have on Guatemala’s biodiversity.The Ecoregión Lachuá is the home to an ambitious and comprehensive development effort formed to save the National Park and resources of the region. The project unites eight government institutions, international funding, a team of professional technical workers, and Q´eqchi´ community members integrated into six community associations, three women’s groups and three youth groups.

The project has four components:1) environmental: in 2006 the Ecoregión Lachuá was declared a RAMSAR site for its importance in protecting vital wetlands home to thousands of tropical rain forest animals and plants. - forest protection: Through a program with the Guatemalan government, community members are able to receive annual payments in exchange for protecting lands near the Park. This economic incentive is coupled with social programs such as training and community planning.- forest inventory in partnership with National Forest Institute- reforestation: a government program called PINFOR gives incentive to land owners in exchange for reforesting parcels of land 2) economic : production of pineapples, avocado, lemon, oranges, bee-keeping and honey production, raising tilapia fish, artisan crafts3) political: - institutional development: 2 Community-development Councils created- community involvement: each community in the Ecoregión Lachuá has formed small Community Development Committees that serve as an open forum to discuss community needs.4) social: community training, youth groups and environmental education

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Biodiversity for food and medicine

a) In 2005 the Ecoregión reforested 410 hectares via community-run tree nurseries; in 2006 this number increased to 464 hectares, with plans to continue reforesting for three years. b) Currently 9.6 hectares are devoted to pineapple production, with each hectare capable of producing 30,000 pineapple. Currently, 200 community members are taking care of 2,000 bee-hives in order to provide income from an extremely environmentally friendly resource: in the year 2006, the Ecoregión produced 1,375 gallons of honey to be sold at the national and international level. In 2006 the Ecoregión imported 70,000 seeds of cocoa in order to begin an ambitious new project which reforested 98 hectares, providing a new source of income and the added benefit of the fixation of carbon. In 2006, tilapia was brought to the region to start a project that will provide 60,000 full-grown fish every 6 months, creating a source of income and food in order to raise the standard of living for the poor in the area.

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

1996

2009

gt

Ecoregion Lachua

Lachua Foundation (created in 2007), with support of the National Forest Institute (INAB), the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Council for Protected Areas (CONAP) and IUCN

http://lachua.org/en/about-us-2.html

Article published in Tierramerica on November 2008: http://www.tierramerica.info/nota.php?lang=eng&idnews=2860

7a Avenida 6-80, Zona 13Ciudad de Guatemala

Guatemala 01013+(502) 2473.5214 +(502) 2472.2977 info@lachua.org

complete complete

Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme (EWCP)

Wolf conservation Water management

disease Agro-biodiversity

RabiesAgro-ecological farming

Population regulationBiotrade

Ecotourism

Integrated water management and up-scaling of successful dialogues in the Cotahuasi sub-basin,

Southern Peru

The Ethiopian wolf is the only species of wolf in Africa, as well as the most rare and endangered canid in the world. Fewer than 500 wolves remain in seven isolated populations.The most pressing threats to wolves are:- Loss and fragmentation of the Afroalpine habitat: high-altitude subsistence agriculture and overgrazing; road construction and sheep farming - Diseases: particularly rabies, transmitted by domestic dogs. Wolf populations were decimated by such outbreaks in 1991 and 2003, which reduced the wolf population in the Bale Mountains (their last large stronghold) from an estimated 440 individuals to fewer than 150. - Conflicts with humans: poisoning and persecution in reprisal for livestock losses; road kills - Hybridisation with domestic dogs: seemingly limited to one local population in Bale

The Cotahuasi sub-basin is a vulnerable area. The soil is fragile, and its water resources are being affected by negative climatic changes, including the El Nino phenomenon. Studies indicate that during the next twenty years it will become one of the most sensitive zones in the southern coastal region and will suffer a crisis. It is also foreseen that the increased flow of tourists and the development of mining interests will seriously affect the biodiversity unless preventive and corrective measures are taken. A main challenge is to encourage the population to carry out profitable yet sustainable economic activities. Through engaging in such activities, people can create sustainable alternatives to tackle the environmental problems they are facing.

EWCP was founded in 1995 to promote sustainable solutions for protecting the Ethiopian wolf. As a keystone species, the strategies designed for the conservation of the wolf also protect the fragile Afroalpine system. The programme includes several components:a) capacity building, through: training of Ethiopians in aspects of natural resource management and wildlife conservation, development of partnerships, and transfer of skills and knowledge.b) disease control: vaccination of domestic dogs, sterilization campaigns to limit the growth of domestic dogs population, disease monitoring, vaccination of Ethiopian wolves. c) habitat protection through protected area infrastructure support and the development of community-based sustainable use strategies.d) monitoring and researche) community education by targeting governments, local authorities, farmers and school children within and surrounding wolf rangesf) population management in order to prevent the reproduction of dog-wolf hybrids; to manage small wolf populations as a metapopulation.

Since 1994, the initiative of AEDES was oriented towards elaborating a Local Agenda 21 for the Cotahuasi basin, focusing on institutional strengthening and development of instruments to lobby for the establishment of the Cotahuasi National Landscape reserve. It aimed at: a) raising awareness, mainly among members of farmers associations and school childrenb) carrying out participatory studies and investigations to gather useful information for the design of sustainable actions in the sub-basin, for example inventories of flora and fauna, investigations on cultural diversity, and studies on the basin’s hydrographical characteristicsc) strengthening organizations in the sub-basind) implementing specific sustainable land use actions such as in situ conservation with special attention to agro-biodiversity, agro-ecological farming, eco-tourism, soil recovery, promotion and reforestation.The second stage was the inauguration of the Platform of the Water consumers Boards of the Ocoana Basin.

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species Coverage of protected areas

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed)

The domestic dog populations in and surrounding the wolf population in the Bale Mountains have been targeted with a vaccination campaign against rabies and distemper. In a recent survey of the western half of the Bale, 93% coverage of the dog population was achieved.The EWCP is the principal employer in the town of Dinsho, seat of the Bale Mountains National Park headquarters. The programme currently employs 25 full-time staff (21 of whom are from communities within the wolf‘s range), and over 50 casual workers involved in various activities including administration, construction, maintenance, dog vaccination, education, community liaison and field research.The total counts in Web showed the fall and rise of wolf numbers following the 1992 epizootic. Previously, this population fluctuated slightly with no significant trend (1987–1991). There was no sign of recovery when monitoring restarted in 1996, but the population grew consistently afterwards at a rate of 8.0 wolves year,reaching pre-epizootic levels by 2000.

Since 2003, the area has been given the legal status of a national protected area, allowing them to develop sustainable economic activities while simultaneously dosing the area for large-scale interventions.Certified organic production of amaranth, quinoa, yacon, anise, Adean grains and medicinal plants has been developed for sale at home and export markets. Organic production of maize, canihua, achita is in transition. 25% of the agriculture economic units are involved with organic production, with as its main destiny the international market.Some popular organizations were created such as Federation of rural Communities, FEMELU, ADIMUs, APCO, APROPLAMESeveral eco-businesses are worked with a business portfolio that includes not only agro-ecology and ecotourism, but also handicraft and others. Capacities have been developed in settlers who offer services in feeding, lodging, guidance and crafts, allowing entrepreneurship associability through local committees of tourism and a provincial association that joints these committees.

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Asociación Especializada para el Desarrollo Sostenible (AEDES)

1995 1994

ongoing ongoing

et pe

Bale Mountains National Park Arequipa region

Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme (EWCP) supported by Ethiopia’s Wildlife Conservation Department, in cooperation with the Zoological Society of London, the WildLife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU) and the University of Edinburgh, with funding from the Born Free Foundation

EWCP website: http://www.ethiopianwolf.org/Programme/approach.shtml Case study from AEDES website on the Cotahuasi sub-basin

WCN website: http://wildlifeconservationnetwork.org/wildlife/ethiopianwolf.html“Contribution of the Cotahuasi sub-basin to the UNFCCC, UNCCD, and CBD”, AEDES, Manuel Tejada

Scientific paper: "An integrated disease management strategy for the control of rabies in Ethiopian wolves" in Biological Conservation 131 (2006)Correspondance with Manuel Tejada : about biodiversity monitoring, organic production and trade, banefit-sharing, ecotourism

Scientific paper: "Trends, dynamics and resilience of an Ethiopian wolf population" in Animal Conservation 9 (2006)

BBC News article: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7715693.stm

Related project: EASE-Solo Ecologicos is a processing and marketing company that is owned by Andean farmers from Peru, who grow and export natural and organic products. All of the products are certified by BIO LATINA and come from fields that belong to Natural Protected Areas and are grown by producers that are reinforcing their ancient culture. The production accomplish international standards like CEE 2092/91, NOS-USA and JAS. Manuel Tejada is the general manager. The company replicates the experience of promoting agro-ecology started in the Cotahuasi sub-basinhttp://www.soloecologicos.com/htm/nosotros.html

Jorgelina Marino, DPhilWildCRU, University of Oxford

Tubney House, Tubney, OX13 5QL, United KingdomPh: 01865 393110/100

jorgelina.marino@zoo.ox.ac.uk

Manuel Tejada AEDES

manuelt@aedes.com.pe

A senior member of EWCP staff received a Darwin Biodiversity Scholarship from the UK government.A workshop lead in Guassa area recently led EWCP being granted to develop a draft management plan for the area.

In the biannual Pro Sustainable Development contests, AEDES won two prizes (in 2000 and 2002) for its work in the Cotahuasi Sub-basin.

Progress report to come in February 2009 complete

Bees, trees and elephants

Elephant conservation Protected area

Animal deterrents Community-based conservation

Beekeeping Nepal

Human-wildlife conflicts Forest

Illegal poaching

Community involvement in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal

When elephants must survive in a limited range, the pressure on trees can become extreme. The average adult elephant consumes 110 tons of forage annually. Their browsing can significantly damage or even destroy trees, and crop raiding by elephants is a cause of increasing levels of conflict between local people and wildlife management strategies across Africa. Upon hearing stories that African honeybees have been reported to drive off elephants that threaten their hives, STE decided to test whether bees could be used to guard trees.

The Annapurna Conservation Area is the largest PA in Nepal, covering 7629 km2, located in the mountainous west-central region. More than 472 bird species, 21 species of amphibians, 32 species of reptiles and more than 101 species of mammals have been reported from the area (Inskipp & Inskipp 2001; KMTNC-ACAP 1997), which is inhabited by approximately 120 000 people from five major ethnic and other tribal groups (Bajracharya 2002).The Conservation Area Management Regulation (CAMR) introduced in 1996, under the 1993 amendment of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, provided a legal basis to involve the local communities in conservation, and has been of particular importance in providing power to local communities to control and manage local resources.

Lucy King and her assistant constructed a “fake tree trunk” from a plastic vegetable rack and some brown reeds and cut a small window in the front through which they fitted a wireless speaker. This fake tree trunk was gently placed within 10 meters of the elephants and then they drove off a fair distance. They filmed the response of the elephants before, during, and after the playback of 4 minutes of bee sounds. To check that their responses were not just due to the presence of an unusual loud noise disrupting their peace, thy used natural white noise extracted from a waterfall as a control sound. STE has begun working closely with beekeeping farming communities who are suffering from severe crop-raiding and has started community-based trials testing bees as a deterrent. This simple and low-cost strategy holds promise as another tool to reduce economic damage from crop-raiding and tree-stripping by elephants, one which can potentially provide jobs, income, honey, and eventually become self-sustaining.

ACAP was launched in 1986 with the initiation of King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (KMTNC) to protect the environment with sustainable community development in Annapurna area by the local people without any intervention from the Nepalese Government and/or any other institutions. ACAP is a non-profit organization is divided into seven unit conservation offices and spread out in 5 districts of the Western Development Region of Nepal covering 55 Village Development Committees (VDC). Each village development committee is assigned to carry out the responsibilities to manage, utilize and protect all the natural resources within the respective VDCs. The goals are:- To conserve the natural resources of the ACA for the benefit of the present and future generations (tree plantings, illegal poaching control, regular village clean-ups, introduction of alternative sources of energy to reduce pressure on native forests)- To bring sustainable social, institutional and economic development to the local people;- To develop tourism in such a way that it will have a minimum negative environmental impact

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

The results were encouraging. No tree hung with a hive occupied by bees was touched by elephants. Even trees hung with unoccupied hives suffered reduced browsing damage. 16 out of the 17 elephant herds studied (94%) ran or walked away from the sound of bees within 80 seconds of the sound being played compared to 27% in response to the control sound. For mode of retreat, 41.2% of families responding to bees ‘ran’away, 29.4% ‘walked fast’ away and 23.5% ‘walked’ away. No ‘running’ or ‘walking fast’ behaviour was observed for the control groups.

The participatory wildlife matrix scoring suggested that wild animal populations inside ACA have increased following conservation intervention. Mean abundance scores for wild animals in 1971 and 2001 inside ACA were 2.0 and 4.24, respectively, whereas the mean scores outside ACA were 2.48 and 2.80, respectively. The decline in fuelwood use has been complemented by increased tree planting efforts. More than 1 666 000 tree seedlings were planted on communal lands and private farmlands in ACA by the local communities during 1986–2000 .The majority of local communities in ACA have abandoned hunting of animals such as barking deer, common goral, Himalayan thar and kalij pheasant which were previously game animals sought after by the local communities. The local communities are now also able to control recreational hunters from urban centres and peripheral villages. ACA appears to have been successful in involving a majority of residents in the area. In addition to planting tree seedlings and regular village clean-ups, the majority of respondents in ACA indicated that they were involved in making conservation decisions through variouslocal institutions.

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

2002 1986

ongoing ongoing

ke np

Samburu/ Buffalo Springs National Reserves Annapurna Conservation Area, North Nepal

Save the Elephant association, (STE) with the support of Wildlife Conservation Network (WCN), and donation for 2007-2008 from Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund

King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (KMTNC) with financial assistance of New Zealand Overseas Development Assistance Fund

STE Website: http://www.savetheelephants.org/research-reader/items/elephants-bees-and-trees-project.htmlGood scientific paper: "Effectiveness of community involvement in delivering conservation benefits to the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal" by S.B Bajracharya, P.A Furley, A.C Newton in Environmental conservation nr 32, 2005

Scientific paper : "African elephants run from the sound of disturbed bees" by Lucy King, in Current Biology vol 17 No 19http://www.south-asia.com/Kingmah/tonproj.htm#1

See page 18-19: STE 2007 report http://www.visitnepal.com/acap/

WCN website: http://wildlifeconservationnetwork.org/wildlife/elephant2.html#threatshttp://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/nrm/mountain/mount0005.htm

Other scientific paper: "Impacts of community-based conservation on local communities in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal"

“Bees to make elephants ‘buzz of’”, BBC News, October 8 2007: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7033830.stm

Related project: "Elephant pepper - Chili as a Tool for Conservation and Development" (in the database)

Lucy Kinglucy@savetheelephants.org.

Dr Adrian Newton. E-mail: anewton@bournemouth.ac.ukSiddhartha B Bajracharya, PhD

Executive Officer - Projects and Programmes DevelopmentNational Trust for Nature Conservation

NepalPh. No. +977 1 5526571Fax No. +977 1 5526570siddhartha@ntnc.org.np

Lucy King is currently working on a series of community based research projects using beehives as elephant deterrents for farms and crops in Kenya. A first pilot study is to be published in November 2008, and more complete report should come in Easter 2009 ==> Contact Lucy King

. Progress report to come in February 2009 complete

wetlands and coasts forest conservation

sustainable fisheries community-based management

RAMSAR site watershed

endangered species beekeeping

over-fishing conflict over natural resource

Conservation and sustainable use of the wetlands and fisheries for poverty alliviation in the fluvial coast of Argentina

Bees for water: community-based forest and watershed management in Ambora National Park, Bolivia

The coastal communities in the Argentinean side of the Paraguay-Paraná river basin face serious threats to their livelihoods, due to the depletion of the fishing resources. These communities are the poorest in Argentina with 22,7% of its population under the poverty line. Among other important factors, the noticeable decrease in the resources is caused by the absence of a management plan for the fisheries of low capacity and involvement of the local fishermen communities. Fishing is threatened by the big hydroelectric dams on the upper Paraná, which affect the breeding grounds of the fish. Another major factor is the intensive exploitation of fish stocks by large companies that sell the fish to foreign markets, which has seen a sharp increase in the last five years. The aim of this project is to promote the conservation and sustainable use of the wetland resources of the Paraná-Paraguai System, through increasing the self- management skills of coastal communities and consolidating the results of previous phases.

The Los Negros Valley covers approximately 270 square kilometers, with 35 kilometers separating the upstream Santa Rosa from downstream Los Negros. Bordering the upper reaches of the Los Negros watershed is the 637,000-hectare Amboró National Park, one of the most biologically diverse areas in the world—712 species of birds have been discovered so far. Over the past 20 years the numbers of farms in Santa Rosa has been increasing. More forest has been cleared to free land for agricultural purposes, which in turn affected the local watershed, as farming consumed much of the water resource upstream of Los Negros. The national park and its buffer zone are also increasingly threatened by illegal land incursions, that result in timber extraction and logging, owing to unclear property rights.

The Proteger Foundation has been woking for 10 years on fisheries and wetland conservation. In March 2008, it was granted by IUCN for a two-years project whose specific objectives are:a) to develop and to implement a participatory fishing management plan at community level in a RAMSAR site, Jaaukanigás, first, and to replicate this experience in other sites within the Basin. b) to encourage the community (fishermen association and other related groups) to monitor the fishing sites in Argentina c) to reduce the threats to ecosystems, to biodiversity and to coastal communities generating measurable benefits from conservation and sustainable use by contributing to the elaboration of a conservation program for the whole System Paraná-Paraguay. The strategies to achieve these objectives are: To consolidate the civil society organizations and to work with local and national authorities plus private sector establishing conservation incentives, to increase the living standards of the local community and to discourage unsustainable practices.

In the Los Negros valley, a System of Compensation for Watershed Service (CWS) created in 2002 involves the simultaneous purchase of two environmental services. The US Fish and Wildlife Service is paying for the protection of habitat for migratory bird species, while downstream irrigators through the Municipality of Pampagrande are paying to conserve the same upland forest vegetation that likely helps maintain dry-season water supplies. The service buyers are jointly compensating individual upstream landowners through the provision of benefits such as beehives, apicultural training, and barbed wire. Transfers are made each year, conditional upon approval by a local monitoring and enforcement committee that verifies that the native vegetation has indeed been protected. The program also includes a mapping of the area using GIS, the creation of Environment Committees to set up a community-based management, training in beekeeping and honey harvesting, environmental education, and birdlife and hydrological research.

Biodiversity for food and medicine

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

For 10 years, women have been trained in traditional small-scale fish preserves in Santa Fe, along the Parama river. The experience has advanced further and various products are produced, including smoked fish, pickled fish and fish paste. The fishing village of Puerto Reconquista, along another arm of the Paraná in northern Santa Fe, is working to replicate the experience.Between March and September 2008, 30 specialists studied the threat level for species in la Cuenca del Plata, following the criteria of the IUCN Red List. They monitored 192 species, of which 11 were classified as “endangered” and 50 as “lack of data”. It is the first time there is such a study of fresh water fish at a regional level. Partnerships have also been consolidated between local NGOs, and a political compromise has been found that will enable the elaboration and implementation of the fishing management plan in Jaaukanigas.

By August 2007, 46 landowners were protecting 2774 hectares. Total payments are usually 5000$/yr. Only one infraction has been reported. An avifaunal survey in 2005 found highest bird diversity in cloud forests, suggesting that the current PES focus on the cloud forests is appropriate from a biodiversity point of view.In terms of forest cover, the PES scheme has achieved little benefits. As noted by Robertson and Wunder (2005): “In terms of land-use change, the land currently put under conservation contracts is not the most threatened by agricultural clearing, if it is in danger at all”. This is because the steep, inaccessible forests that have clear ownership are at low risk of deforestation. Upstream farmers are thus likely adopting a risk-averse strategy and trying out the PES concept by enrolling patches of their forests they would likely not have cut anyway.Livelihood impact: The transfer of a beehive has a cash value of US$30. PES participants have in addition received apicultural training, But in practice, the returns to beekeeping have been extremely skill-dependent; and not everyone in the village has been equally successful.

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

2008 2002

ongoing ongoing

ar bo

Parama river Ambora National Park

Implementation: Proteger FoundationPartners: REDEPESCA (fishermen association) Funding: Inter-American Foundation until December 2008; IUCN Netherlands from 2008 to 2010; support of Ramsar convention

Funadacion Natura Bolivia with financial assistance of US Government Fish and Wildlife Service, and International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)

IUCN project description: http://www.iucn.nl/funded_projects/conservation_and_sustainable_use_of_the_wetlands_and_fisheries_for_poverty_alliviation_in_the_fluvial_coast_of_argentina_1/Bees for water - project summary

Progress report (in spanish) Scientific paper published by the Property and Environment Research Center: http://www.perc.org/articles/article846.php

Article published in IPSNEWS.net: http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=44094Scientific article published in Ecological Economics, 2008

IUCN project proposal Hydrological analysis

First monitoring results: http://www.proteger.org.ar/doc801.html Natura Foundation website: http://www.naturabolivia.org/proyectoI.htm

Related project: “Sustainable Management of the Water Resources of the la Plata Basin with Respect to the Effects of Climate Variability and Change” – regional project covering Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, granted by GEF and coordinated by CIC (Comité Intergubernamental Coordinador de la Cuenca del Plata). See: http://gefonline.org/projectDetailsSQL.cfm?projID=2095

Related project: Sustainable Management of Pimampiro's renewable natural ressources for the maintenance of water quantity and quality - PES scheme for watershed protection, but using cash payments and contracts for entire farm holdings. See project database

Liliana Jáuregui Bordones, EGP Grants ProgrammeIUCN Netherlands Committee (IUCN NC)

Tel: + 31 20 6261732 Fax: + 31 20 6279349liliana.jauregui@iucn.nl

Julieta Peteán, Programa Agua, Humedales y PescaFundación PROTEGER

humedales.proteger@arnet.com.ar

Nigel Asquith – Natura Bolivia - +1 617 495 1417nigelasquith@naturabolivia.org

The first progress report of the IUCN-funded project is due for the first of February 2009 - contact Liliana Jauregui Bordones from IUCN or Julieta Petean form Fondation Proteger

One potential remedy would be to move to a more proactive strategy of negotiating entire blocks of desired conservation areas. As long as landowners can freely offer any self-selected areas for involvement, as is currently the case, the rational farmer with a 100 ha sized forest would over the next five years annually clear the one hectare that he would have deforested anyhow, and offer the remaining 95 ha of “passive” reserve land for PES enrollment, at zero conservation additionality. Conversely, if conservation contracts were to be made for the entire farm holdings (or pre-determined target blocks), this ‘on-farm leakage’ is precluded. As shown for the Pimampiro case, relatively small per-hectare payments could still be competitive in this case, as long as at any point intime only aminor share of a relatively large forest area is threatened by clearing: for the above landowner, receiving US $300/year for protecting the entire 100 ha of forest might still be attractive, compared to the incremental net gains from clearing one hectare every five years.

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Yunnan Golden Monkey Conservation Programme

Genetic resources monkey conservation

Potatoes protected areas

Native species illegal hunting

Traditional agriculture

Genetic Resource Conservation through native andean potatoes crops, Bolivia

Native species and varieties of potato abound in Bolivia. However, these varieties are increasingly under pressure as standardised, mass-produced varieties take the agricultural world by storm. In Europe and other industrialised regions, some genetic resources have already disappeared. Plant breeding programmes that are now colonising the majority of agricultural lands are usually limited in scope; the genetic base of the materials used is generally narrow and common to all varieties. This reduces the variety of species, which creates a risk of intensive damage to the crops by pests and diseases.Genetic variability has been cultivated for thousands of years through the work of rural agricultural communities, and is evidently well preserved by them. Thus, support for conservation among rural communities is a highly efficient means of preserving and making rational use of resources.

The yunnan golden monkey dwells in the the cloud-shrouded Yunling mountains of northwestern Yunnan and southeastern Tibet (southwestern China) —high-altitude evergreen forests at elevations from 3,000 to 4,500 meters (9,800 to 14,800 feet), where temperatures may fall below freezing for several months in a row. Today there are fewer than 2,000 Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys remaining.Hunting and habitat loss have brought the species, which is limited to a single mountain range, to the brink of extinction. Today subsistence fuelwood collection and timber harvesting are probably the greatest threats to monkey habitat, though the species' narrow genetic base and small population, coupled with a naturally low birth rate and an abysmal infant survival rate of less than 50 percent, continue to present risks to its long-term survival. Climate change, which could cause dramatic shifts in the distribution of the monkey's ridge-top "islands" of subalpine primary forest habitat, is also a concern. The monkeys have a poor genetic diversity, with 3 genepools only.

Fundación para la Promoción y la Investigación de Productos Andinos PROINPA is a non-profit organization oriented to promote technology innovation and the conservation, use, management and development of genetic resources for the benefit of farmers in the municipality of Colomi. Since 1989, PROINPA has encouraged in situ conservation of potato varieties. PROINPA has also been working with local farmers’ groups, such as the Native Potato Producers’ Association (APROTAC), to encourage the adoption of forage crops such as purple clover and alfalfa that improve the soil by fixing nitrogen and help to control pest.Thousands of farmers from Colomi participated in various forms of training through Farmers' Schools, Committees of Local Agricultural Research (CIALs), and Producers’ Associations.PROINPA also facilitates the development of retail markets for their potato crops. Farmers have founded the Association of Andean Tuber Producers of Candelaria (APROTAC), which negotiates favorable business deals for its members.

The objectives of the project are:a) to build and sustain partnerships, through cooperation with the State Forestry Administration, and establishement of the Project steering Committee;b) capacity building for local Management Authorities. A management effectiveness appraisal was conducted and a patrolling and monitoring system established. A Golden Monkey Conservation Association (GMC) was established in 2006;c) conservation actions: the ”Hunters to protectors” project focuses on encouraging local hunters to join the patrolling and ranging work in the protected areas. Other community-based conservation activities are developed. TNC is supporting local government agencies to set up a national park in the Laojunshan Area.d) to gather information on the Yunnan Golden Monkey by tracking monkeys using GIS technologies and GPS collars, and leading a conservation science study.e) to formulate the China Golden Monkey Conservation Action Planf) to promote public awareness

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Biodiversity for food and medicine Coverage of protected areas

Nitrogen deposition

Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed)

About 5000 people in urban centers have been involved in promotional campaigns about the consumption of native crops. Since 2002 about 9,000 people have visited the annual Biodiversity Fair in Colomi, where they are exposed to the broad principles of the sustainable use of agrobiodiversity.The promotion and sale of quality native varieties of native potato (Solanum spp.), oca (Oxalis tuberosa) and ulluco (Ullucus tuberosum), which started in 1998, has roughly doubled the market prices obtained by the farmers of Colomi. Increased demand of native potatoes has increased a typical family's yield by 13%. Average farmer's family income is now $200 a year.Farming of 5 potato varieties was prioritized, without impacting the production of other crops or substantially affecting soil renovation.The Farmers’ Association created to commercialize these native products has been able to negotiate better prices with supermarkets, to obtain credit and to establish commercial links of various kinds.

Surveys on the Yunnan Golden Monkey distribution show a long-term increase: 11 groups with 800 individuals were recorded in 1988, 13 groups with less than 1500 individuals in 1996, and 15 groups with 2000 individuals in 2008. 12 of these groups live in the existing nature reserve, and 3 outside the protected area. For its part, the Chinese government has taken steps to reduce pressure on the monkey, enacting a hunting ban in Yunnan province and confiscating almost all hunting guns. The government has also moved to stem habitat loss by establishing protective reserves like the Laojunshan Area National Park and banning logging and shifting agricultural practices.Some pilot community-based co-management projects have been set up in 3 villages in 2006, providing people with sanitation and solar energy. They have been extended to 5 other villages in 2007.

Trends in genetic diversity of domesticated animals, cultivated plants, and fish species of major socio-economic importance

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

1989 November 1 2004

ongoing June 30 2007

bo cn

Candelaria area, departement of Cochabamba Yunnan

Fundación para la Promoción y la Investigación de Productos Andinos PROINPA with support of Municipality of Colomi, Ministry of Sustainable Development, COSUDE, Swiss Cooperation, Government of Belgium, IESE Institute of Socioeconomic Studies and the Program of Foods and Natural Products (PAPN), Center for Fitoecogenetic Research from Pairumani and AGROECOL, Andean Agroecology

Implementation: The Nature ConservancyPartners: State Forestry Administration (SFA), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), and many others. Funding: CEPF, Conservation International

Equator Initiative summary: http://74.125.45.104/search?q=cache:hqfu5PY-UOYJ:www.equatorinitiative.net/files/2004-0210_Nom_PROINPA_Bolivia.doc+APROTAC+bolivia&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2Article published in Mongabay News: http://news.mongabay.com/2006/1018-yunnan.html

http://www.equatorinitiative.net/content.lasso?cid=26 Project's website: http://www.nature.org/wherewework/asiapacific/china/work/goldenmonkey.html

Project summary Project presentation including monitoring results

Project final report (April 15 2008)

CEPF article: http://www.cepf.net/xp/cepf/news/newsletter/2007/aug07_yunnanmonkey.xml

Related project: see Conservation of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity focusing on the protection of the golden lion tamarin in its natural habitat, Brazil (in this database)

Dr. Long YongchengProject Managerylong@tnc.org

Yunnan Provincial Meteorological Building8th Floor

77 Xi Chang RoadKunming, Yunnan Province

People's Republic of China 650034(+86-871) 418-2966

The project was nominated for the Equator Initiative Award in 2006

The next steps for the project will be the formulation of the China Golden Monkey Conservation Action Plan (still in process), the support of the newly created GMC, the creation of an International Yunan Golden Monkey Center, the setting up the community-based nature reserve in two sites (Bamei and Nanren-Shayong).and the continuation of all the existing initiatives..The project manager would like to promote tourism in the region, as it is an “ultimate incentive” which has much potential to mobilize local governments’efforts.

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Orangutan Research and Conservation Project in Borneo Sustainable Tourism in the Srepok Wilderness, Cambodia

endangered species ecotourism

species conservation protected area

reforestation wildlife conservation

community empowerment

forests

Orangutans are a critically endangered species according to IUCN. The species today may have diminished in the past decade by 50%. Estimates of the current population are from less than 50,000 to 60,000 with more than three quarters of all orangutans found on Borneo. The destruction and degradation of the tropical rain forest, caused primarily by human activity (intense permitted logging, illegal logging, conversion to palm oil plantations and farm lands, mining, settlements, road construction) and also by natural phenomena (large-scale fires), is the main reason orangutans are threatened. The illegal animal trade has also been a significant factor, and orangutans are occasionally hunted and eaten by some of the indigenous peoples of Borneo as well as immigrant loggers.With a total population of fewer than 30,000 individuals and a slow reproductive rate, this loss is having a significant impact on the population and genetic diversity of the species. Some scientists fear that declining population could reduce the genetic viability of the species and result in its eventual extinction.

The dry forests in the Srepok Wilderness Area (SWA) of Cambodia contain some of Southeast Asia’s last significant populations of iconic animals such as Asian elephant, tiger and gaur. A serious decline in species populations in the last few decades due to unsustainable harvesting and habitat loss has prompted urgent action from the Government, WWF, and other local partners to address this trend.

The program works by rehabilitating orangutans that have been captured in raids or turned over voluntarily to authorities. OFI built an orangutan care center and quarantine for confiscated orangutans needing to be medically treated in preparation for reintroduction. Then the orangutan is released, but twice a day food is left on a feeding platform. The feedings serve as an important outreach and educational function to the local community, building interest and appreciation for wildlife and the rain forest ecosystem among children and adults alike. In addition to that: - OFI funds the active patrolling of the northern portion of Tanjung Puting National Park. The Community-Based Patrols are comprised of local police officers and OFI staff and keep illegal loggers and miners from degrading orangutan habitat. - OFI manages the Lamandau Nature Reserve with the Natural Resources Department of the Indonesian Forestry.- OFI has a Rainforest Restoration Program in degraded areas outside of the National Park. OFI's botanical nursery helps grow seedlings and saplings and local women are hired to plant various species of trees.

The Srepok Wilderness Area Project2, aims to: "restore the once populations of large mammal species in the Srepok Wilderness Area. (SWA) through community based natural resource management and by developing ecotourism as a source of income for local communities". Project's objectives are:a) To improve natural resource management through increased community participation in natural resource use decision-making, and to ensure access and sharing benefits of the associated economic benefits;b) To initiate wildlife ecotourism activities in the SWA c) To establish community-based monitoring of indicator species in order to track the progress of wildlife restoration and inform natural resource management efforts, through training and mapping workshops for example. d)To increase the wildlife populations of the area through conservation law enforcement. Ranger patrolling to fight illegal poaching and logging is planned and monitored using MIST surveys.

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed)

a) Core protection zone and surrounding conservancies’ boundaries has been established, and co-management agreements endorsed by communities and local government. b) A socio-economic status established, and a tourism economic feasibility study completed; the SWA Community Tourism Council was established, and the SWA tourism plan developed and endorsed. c) Baseline biological data collated and analysed; Communities, Gov’t institutions and CBOs participate in wildlife surveys. d) 10 teams from 5 outposts patrol the SWA. There is a confirmed presence of a growing number of large mammal species in the MPF including the repeat confirmation of tiger and wild water buffalo presence, as well as leopard and elephants.

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

2005

ongoing 2008

id kh

Tanjung Putting National Park, Kalimantan, Borneo Mondulkiri Province

Implementation: Orangutan Foundation International (OFI) Financial support: USAIDPartnership: Orangutan Foundation UK

Implementation: International Institute on Environment and development (IIED) and WWF-CambodiaFunding: Darwin InitiativeSupport: Ministries of Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries (Forestry Administration), Environment, and Tourism; The Dry Forest Coalition; Mondulkiri provincial authorities and protection forest management board; Mondulkiri communities; Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary; and the Cat Action Treasury

Orangutan Foundation International (OFI) website: http://www.orangutan.org/index.phpIIED webpage (summary): http://www.iied.org/sustainable-markets/key-issues/environmental-economics/sustainable-tourism-srepok-wilderness-cambodia#about

Article published in Mongabay News: http://news.mongabay.com/2006/0524-orangutans.html Annual report April 2007

Interview of Dr. Galdikas in The New York Times: http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0CE5D7103AF932A15750C0A9669C8B63&scp=1&sq=Dr.%20Galdikas&st=cse#Progress report October 2007

Monitoring report

Article in BBC News: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/07/asia_pac_biking_through_cambodia0s_jungle/html/1.stm

Related project: Mountain Gorilla Conservation Related project: "Co-management of Forests and Wildlife in Bi Doup-Nui Ba Nature Reserve, Vietnam" - supported by Darwin Initiative for 2007-2010. See: http://darwin.defra.gov.uk/project/16014/

OFI WEBSITE Email: ofi@orangutan.org

James MacGregor IIED

james.macgregor@iied.org

Awards: In June 1997, Dr. Galdikas won the prestigious "Kalpataru" award, the highest honor given by the Republic of Indonesia for outstanding environmental leadership. She was also awarded with Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, Institute of Human Origins Science Award, Officer, Order of Canada, PETA Humanitarian Award, United Nations Global 500 Award, among many others. Future developments: The next goals are to develop ecotourism. Dr. Galdikas hopes that an increase in the fees—currently $5 per day per person—that tourists pay to visit the park can generated more revenue and encourage the local government to see the economic virtues of ecotourism.

Dr. Galdikas is due to answer in November 2008

The project has secured funds beyond year 2007-2008 that will enable continuation of the project goals. The MOM system monitoring is being developed, and results on species distribution will come when the system is fully operational.

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Pedra Tosca Parc, Spain

business and biodiversity urban development

endemic plant species restoration measure

ciment quarries ecotourism

drylands environmental education

protected area

Ciment company Lafarge's biodiversity strategy through rehabilitation of quarries: an example in Spain

With the nearly 1000 quarries Lafarge operates around the globe, the group’s initiatives to promote biodiversity can play a useful role. Today, Lafarge has made a commitment to screen all its quarries around the world according to criteria validated by WWF International and introduce a biodiversity development plan on all sites with potential in terms of rare animal and plant species, in partnership with local environmental associations.The Ypes-Ciruelo quarry has been extracted since the early 1970’s. This quarry is on a large acreage of a rich but shallow limestone. It extends on more than 200 ha and is located in the semi-continental part of SPAIN, in the semi-aridic hills usually dominated by bushes and olive trees. The environment of the quarry includes the Thyme and Alfa-grass fields and with Kermes Oaks bushes. Two endemic protected species of the Iberian peninsula have been identified (Limonium tolentanum and Gypsophila bermejoi) in the surrounding habitats.

The “Bosc de Tosca”, situated within the Natural Park of the Volcanic Area of la Garrotxa in northern Spain, was once a major European forest. The forest was primarily home to oak trees, until the beginning of the 19th century when they were cut down for coal and wood. After deforestation, the area underwent a process of land clearing to prepare the land for cultivation; the volcanic stones were removed from the land, creating small cultivatable plots enclosed by walls built with the stones. Today the “Bosc de Tosca” is threatened by the growing city of Olot and unchecked activities, such as illegal waste sites and the proliferation of shanty towns. The environmental degradation of this area is further accelerated due to the extinction of traditional crops, changes in agricultural systems and irrigation problems.

The restoration project was intended to:- Identify the most interesting habitats and species and helping to accelerate their arrival on restored land through restoration management. (2 habitats and 2 of their characteristical species)- Take advantage of the quality of the environment, the size of the quarry and its situation close to 2 big cities to encourage ecological awareness raising.- Use the designated area as a family cross-country cycling for employees and neighbors.Operations included : - Monitoring of the history of natural recolonization- Evaluating the conditions of success of the most interesting habitats - Encouraging these opportunities for biodiversity in the rehabilitation process through management of the earth moving operations of restoration.

The project aimed to restore the “Bosc de Tosca" through: a) the creation of a Pictorial scenic park with thematic walking routes, which integrates artistic and cultural activities with environmental resources. Recovery actions were carried out in the project area with the removal of rubbish and dense vegetation to facilitate the restoration of walls, shelters and artigas, that form a rich biotope for both flora and fauna. b) The recovery of traditional crops, whose use is not bound by the logic of productivity, together with the practice of environmentally friendly agricultural techniques. The crops are selected, taking their environmental benefits into account, their attractiveness in the landscape and their potential to provide an educational value. Farmland recovery has been carried out in conjunction with the reforestation of those areas with the greatest visual impact using native plant species (oak, fruit trees and species of river trees and old vine stumps) . In order to provide water to the artigas and alleviate short-term droughts, a retention and distribution system using underground water was created.

Ecological footprint and related concepts Coverage of protected areas

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

Some of the targeted habitats and species have been observed on the quarry ground and 2 of the protected endemics are already recolonising the quarry. Return of bees (adapted to some of the restoration targets in habitats and development of honey harvesting) has been observed too.A botanical and avian field observation track on the quarry was created, as well as a larger Cycling circuit including posters stops and observation hides.A visitor’s and education center has been built. School packages and visit programs have been designed with the University; this proves a great occasion to share and spread this knowledge with school children on the botanic and avian field track

The result of this task has been the configuration of the ”Parc de Pedra Tosca” in which actions of recovery and intervention have been undertaken with the cooperation of private landowners with public and private entities. The creation of a “Nature Reserve” has been achieved. More than 30,000 people visited the Park. Every year, a set of sustainability focused activities are carried out in the Pedra Tosca Park. 26 hectares of the woods of the “Bosc de Tosca” have been restored for tourist use and natural conservation. The recovery of 48 farming artigas and traditional environmentally-friendly farming techniques, the application of ecological agriculture without the use of fertilizers and pesticides, the training of future farmers withsustainable management techniques, and the awareness and education of our citizenstowards the environment are the main achievements which have helped to promote the biodiversity of the area.

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

15-Sep-02

ongoing 15-Sep-05

es es

Castilla La Mancha, Toledo Catalonia

Implementation: LafargeScientific partner : The University of Castilla La Mancha (Prof. Santiago SARDINERO)NGOs partners : WWF Spain on communication issues; Local Cross Country cycling association; Ecological restoration ingeneers from a renowned consultancy working for National Parks in Spain

Implementation: municipality of Les PresesFinancial support: LIFE (European Commission financial instrument for the Environment)Partners: municipality of Orot ; Territory and Landscape Foundation of Caixa, Catalonia ; Environmental department of Catalonia, General Direction of Natural patrimony and Natural areas.

Case study of Ypes-Ciruelo quarry LIFE project summary

Lafarge biodiversity index Project's report

Lafarge general document: "Driving quarry rehabilitation: a simple system of monitoring and evaluation"Website of the municipality of Los Preses (only available in catalan): http://www.lespreses.cat/inici.asp

Lafarge sustainability report 2007

Lafarge/WWF partnership

Related project: In March 2007, Holcim Lanka and IUCN Sri Lanka signed a Programme Agreement for a period of five years. The objective is to enhance marine biodiversity by rehabilitating a degraded reef along the South Western coast of Sri Lanka where over the last 10 years, more than 50% of the corals from the known reefs have been degraded by both natural and human intervention. Most of the destruction was to produce lime for masonry construction. Contact: Rashila Tong, P.E. Holcim Secondee, IUCN Species Programme- Office +41 22 999 0157- Fax +41 22 999 0015- Mobile +41 79 599 7990- rashila.tong@holcim.comRelated project: Project Twin Streams - rehabilitation of a peri-urban area

Related project: another quarry rehabilitation implemented by Holcim in New Zeland. See: http://www.holcim.com/CORP/EN/id/1610640022/mod/gnm50/page/case_study.html

Related project: another quarry rehabilitation implemented by Holcim in Spain. See: http://www.wbcsd.org/Plugins/DocSearch/details.asp?DocTypeId=24&ObjectId=MzE4MDI&URLBack=%2Ftemplates%2FTemplateWBCSD5%2Flayout%2Easp%3Ftype%3Dp%26MenuId%3DMTE0Ng%26doOpen%3D1%26ClickMenu%3DLeftMenu

“Tailing Reservoir revegetation project” in Brazil: Tailings ponds are reservoirs constructed in mined-out areas where bauxite residue is thickened with no addition of chemical products. After drainage, the now-empty reservoirs are prepared for planting, using seeds of native species. With an average annual investment of US$2.6 million, the project involves technological development and monitoring of the pond revegetation. The return of the tailings to the mined-out area avoids the use of new areas for its storage, avoiding the deforestation of about 1,200 hectares of Amazon forest during the operation's life span.http://www.publications.alcan.com/sustainability/2005/en/pages/issue_3_resource_ex_brazil.html

Pierre de PrémareLafarge – VP Environment and Public Affairs quarries, Aggregates &

Concrete61 rue des Belles Feuilles, 75116 Paris, France

tel: +33 1 44 34 12 47mob: +33 6 85 94 68 16

pierre.de-premare@lafarge.com

Municipality of Les Preses: ajuntament@lespreses.cat

More information to come complete

EBEX21: Emmissions/Biodiversity exchange project, New Zeland

mushroom reforestation

forest management carbon emissions

nature conservation business and biodiversity

ecological footprint

MicoValdorva: Sustainable management of wild fungus-producing forest ecosystems in Valdorva, Spain

The Valdorba region’s main ecosystems are meadows, woodlands and traditionally cultivated land. The area boasts a wide variety of wild mushrooms, the demand for which has increased greatly in recent years. In Navarra, most mushrooms of interest grow in woodland areas owned by local authorities and managed by the Navarra Regional Government. However, mushroom production and collection is generally not controlled and managed in a sustainable manner. The lack of management often leads to conflicts between landowners and mushroom collectors. Furthermore, in the long-term, unsustainable picking practices are threatening to have important negative impacts on the mushroom populations, affecting soil fertility, plant development, and the overall equilibrium of the natural ecosystems.Micovaldorva enables rural communities to achieve a sustainable balance between economic development and, the protection of their mushrooms as a natural resource, as well as the related ecosystems and landscapes.

New Zealand biodiversity is typified by many endemic species like the flightless kiwi and kokako, the dinosaur descendent, tuatara, and many different plant species. However the introduction of aggressive weedy plants and animal pests, the clearance of land for agriculture and urbanization, the erosion of land after forest clearance, and the fragmentation of once continuous habitat, have had devastating effects. 33 species of bird are known to have become extinct, and many reptile and amphibian species, invertebrates, and plant species are threatened or locally extinct. A very significant proportion of the New Zealand land area is under government protection. But conservation resources are severely stretched and have to be focused on relatively few, high priority areas. There is a need for a much wider engagement of land-owners in the protection and restoration of biodiversity.

The objective of the project was to establish an integrated management system for mushroom-producing ecosystems in the Valdorba region, promoting a responsible and sustainable use of mycological resources, while generating social and economic benefits.A prior study of the comarca at ecological and socioeconomic levels was conducted throughout the first year of the project. 11 types of forest and 43 types of mushroom with commercial interest were studied with their respective distribution maps throughout Valdorba.Mycological management plans, technical plans and forestry programmes were elaborated, integrating environmental and economic criteria to achieve a sustainable production of mushrooms. A truffle sales model has been generated in which the producer can obtain 30% more over normal profits by selling them directly to the end consumer. A tourism-based model, on the other hand, was created. It included the creation of a series of six routes for mushroom collecting, and eco-tourism offers that combine accommodation, gastronomic offers focusing on mushrooms, courses and guided walks.

EBEX21 carbon credits are a unique type of forest carbon credit, because the project does not actually plant trees. Instead, it carefully chooses sites that will naturally regenerate into forest. The sites are typically privately owned marginal farmland that has been retired from agricultural production. The majority of the revenue is given to the landowner to replace the income lost from retiring the land out of production.EBEX21 works with businesses to set targets for reducing emissions over a certain time period, while investing in the restoration of forests as both a carbon sink and biodiversity reserve. Purchasers to date have approached EBEX through Landcare Research’s carboNZeroCert™ programme (carboNZero) with a goal of attaining “carbon-neutral” status.The project also works with land-owners to make land available under permanent protection through best management practices. Forests are protected either through covenants-in-perpetuity or long term forest management agreements. On-site audits are carried out every five years to monitor gains in carbon stocks and indigenous plant diversity.

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Ecological footprint and related concepts

Biodiversity for food and medicine Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed)

In total, 72 ha of woodland were managed using forestry practices based on sustainable mycological resources management. 17 ha of land were reforested and mycorrhized trees planted.20 has of truffle replanting has been carried out whose estimated production is between 3,000–4,500 €/ha per year. 10 courses on truffle culture have been carried, 1 tourist package for collecting truffles, a tasting and lodging at a rural home has been created. 7 tourist routes have been created for collecting mushrooms in the region. It is estimated that the project contributed directly to a 30% increase in the project area’s hotel occupancy, with 500 visitors/year attributable to region’s mushrooms and truffles.

In the six months since its launch, EBEX21 has attracted over thirty businesses to the first stage of footprinting emissions and discussing reduction options. Four organizations have made an initial investment in restoring bush.The EBEX project has thus far succeeded in providing financial incentives for the restoration of 5,000 hectares of new indigenous forest, with a further 10,000 hectares pledged for immediate utilisation once integration of the project with the Government registries for carbon credit sale from forest sinks becomes feasible. Forty New Zealand businesses or events certified by carboNZero, and 250 further clients on a household register, have thus far participated in the EBEX project through the purchase of forest sink credits. Since 2007 all land management agreements are between the Crown and the landowner. These agreements ensure: farm animals are removed and the site is fenced off to prevent grazing, weed and pest control, no trees are harvested, native forest is the intended long-term use for the site and carbon credits therefore remain on-site forever.

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

3-Sep-012001

ongoing ongoing

es nz

Navarra

Implementation: Municipality of LeozFunding: LIFE (European Commission financial instrument for the Environment), Navarra Government, Energía Hidroeléctrica de NavarraPartners: Technological Forest Centre of Catalonia, Valladolid University, Orbalan S.L., “Trigo Limpio” Ecologic Agriculture Community

New Zeland Business Council for Sustainable Development (NZBCSD) AND Landcare Research, a national environmental research Institute

LIFE project summary NZBCSD webpage: http://www.nzbcsd.org.nz/casestudy.asp?sectionCode=casestudies&CaseStudyID=35

Project's summary Project summary

Project's website: http://www.valdorba.org/micovaldorba2/pagina.shtml EBEX21 website: http://www.ebex21.co.nz/

EBEX21 Newsletter Issue May 13, 2008 about Emissions Trading Scheme: http://www.ebex21.co.nz/newsletters/issue13.asp

EBEX21's booklet

Example of an EBEX21 partner: Adventure SouthThis firm gives tourists the opportunity to experience the New Zealand natural environment through adventure sports and more gentle outdoor recreation. The firm’s success is linked strongly to the natural values of the country and to its customers’ attraction to our native ecosystems. Adventure South saw EBEX21 as the preferred mechanism for offsetting its greenhouse gas emissions footprint that arises from its tour buses and fuel consumption. http://www.advsouth.co.nz/information.aspx?i=10

Another EBEX Partner: Grove Mill WineryGrove Mill Winery, has publicly chosen to associate itself with credits from indigenous forest regeneration. Grove Mill Winery was the first winery in the world to achieve carboNZero certification and they have deliberately sought credits from regenerating forest within their immediate area, strengthening economic development in the region and consciously reinforcing the connection between their product and the local environment.http://www.grovemill.co.nz/page/Sustainable-Practices

Related article on business and biodiversity and carbon markets: Merryll Lynch invests $9M in reforestation project in Aceh, Indonesia. See: http://news.mongabay.com/2008/0312-aceh_merrill_lynch.html

Esther CapellánMicoValdorva

administrador@valdorba.esEsther Caellan is due to send up-to-date information before the end of

2008.

Fiona CarswellResearcher

Landcare Research New Zealand LtdPO Box 40, Lincoln 7640

Gerald Street, Lincoln CarswellF@landcareresearch.co.nz

T: +64 3 321 9631F: +64 3 321 9998

Micovaldorba has been declared by the United Nations as one of the best practices in sustainable development in the world during the 2002-2004 period and has received the prize for the best practice in sustainable development in Navarra for this same period.

EBEX21 has negotiated its status within both the Permanent Forest Sinks Initiative (PFSI) and the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). At present, landowners are only able to sign up to the PFSI scheme but will have the option to migrate to the ETS. Once completed, EBEX21 offsets will be Kyoto units and they will be listed on the New Zealand Emission Unit Register (NZEUR). For more details see in "references" the link to EBEX newsletter.

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"Fish to feed HIV affected families in Malawi”

sustainable fishing protected area

aquaculture forests

HIV gorilla

agriculture artisanal crafting

Involving local communities in the conservation of Kahuzi-Biega National Park

As fish caught from natural lakes and streams have traditionally been an important part of the diet in landlocked Malawi, increasing population and declining catches reduced annual per capita fish consumption from 14 kilograms in the 1970s to 4.2 kilograms in 2005. Aquaculture has since been seen as an exit option to relieve pressure from dwindling capture fisheries, fight overfishing and environmental degradation and increase fish production and consumption. The project “Fish to feed HIV affected families in Malawi” implemented by WorldFish Center in collaboration with World Vision with funding through Global Giving in southern Malawi, helps HIV/AIDS affected and infected poor families including women to live a better life with nutritious food on the table and money in their pockets through appropriate adoption of Integrated Aquaculture-Agriculture (IAA) technologies to the needs of the affected families.

Kahuzi Biega National Park was established by presidential law in 1970, and recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1980. The park's biological richness is immense. It contains intense forest diversity with many endemic species. The park was established to protect 200-300 eastern lowland gorilla.In 1997, UNESCO inscribed Kahuzi Biega National Park on the list of World Heritage Sites in Danger. The causes of destruction in Kahuzi Biega National Park are many and implicate actors on different levels. The government has been ineffective at ensuring protection of the natural resources. Tracking and poaching continue unchecked. The unstable political and military situation in DR Congo has caused increased destruction of the park and increased difficulties in conservation. Overcrowding in the area of Kahuzi Biega National Park is a serious problem for its natural resources. The gorilla population especially is threatened by poaching and logging that destroy its natural habitat, and animals are often caught in snares.

The project assists farmers by digging small, rain-fed ponds of about 20 meters by 10 meters on their land. The farmers use the ponds to raise commonly cultivated fish species such as tilapia. Farm and kitchen waste serves as food for fish and when the ponds are emptied, a rich layer of silt can be dug from the base - to use as fertiliser. They can use it to grow maize, which in turn ensures that the goats and chickens keep popping out manure for the pond. It's a perfect circle, or what we call an integrated agriculture-aquaculture (IAA) system.Labor requirements are not intensive—children and the elderly can assist—making the ponds easy to manage for households affected by the AIDS pandemic. The fish supply essential protein, calcium, and vitamin A - essential for children and the elderly, and those with HIV/Aids.A latest research project aims to quantify the nutritional value of different species of tilapia.School feeding programs are initiated, encouraging primary schools to assist in constructing ponds, stock the ponds with fish and use the fish in the existing feeding program.

POLE POLE Foundation (POPOF), created in 1992, develops initiatives aimed at improving the living conditions of people in the area and enlisting the local population in actively protecting natural resources. Projects include: a) conservation through law enforcement (the POPOF has created patrols that monitor the animals and prevent poaching and logging) and reforestation.b) environmental education at school. The goal is to train future park guards and conservationists capable of implementing sustainable practices within the park.c) job-creation to provide income to families that formerly relied on poaching and foraging in the park as a means of survival. The POPOF assists Batwa (Pygmy) women living in the vicinity of the park through a sewing project which provides training in dressmaking skills for rangers’ uniforms. Similarly, the sale of wood carvings and embroidery done by Bantu and Batwa men and women provides income to those who may have formerly been poachers in the park. Pole Pole Foundation also encourage farming by providing cattle.

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

WorldFish has introduced aquaculture to 1,200 HIV affected families in Malawi - doubling their average annual income and increasing their intake of fish by 150%. The ponds have proven capable of producing 1,500 kilograms of fish per hectare each year, which often leaves some excess food available to be sold to pay for medical care and household needs.In addition, some farmers have started growing valuable crops like bananas and guava on the perimeter of their ponds, taking advantage of the water that seeps into the surrounding soil to keep their plants thriving.A WorldFish impact study shows that between 1999 and 2004, the number of fish farmers in Malawi grew by 300 percent.A 2006 nutrition survey by World Vision found that for households adopting the integrated agriculture-aquaculture approach to farming, in three years malnutrition among children under five dropped from 45 percent to about 15 percent.Nineteen (19) ponds have now been constructed through school programs and stocked with fish. All schools have now opened maize and vegetable fields that are being irrigated from the pond water.

The Pole Pole Foundation has encouraged tree-growing around the park, and has participated in the creation of tree nurseries 543 000 trees were planted since 1998. The POPOF has opened two schools in 1999 and 2004, with a strong environmental emphasis.The number of training centres and women participating in the project has increased steadily since it began. 127 women are running a coop with a cassava grinding mill, a poultry farm and soon a micro credit project. There are also 28 former paochers are employed in the carving program program. The Pole Pole Foundation has also distributed 642 goats and 136 chickens to Batwa and Bantu women in three different villages around the park to encourgae farming.Human incursions in the habituated gorilla sector have decreased by 12% from 2005 to 2007. The number of gorillas monitored has increased from 100 individuals in 2004 to 129 in 2008. A Health and Conservation program is being implemented: cattle is sampled in order to establish an epidemiologic plan

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

1992

ongoing ongoing

mw cd

Kahuzi-Biega National Park

Implementation: Worldfish CenterPartners: World VisionFunding: Global giving

Implementation: Pole Pole Foundation (POPOF), NGOPartners: Canadian Ape Alliance, Zerofootprint (Canada), Rotary Club (Canada), Partners in Conservation (US) and Gorilla Org (UK)Funding: Canadian Ape Alliance

Project's keyfacts: http://www.globalgiving.com/pr/1600/proj1517a.html POPOF's website: http://www.great-apes.com/popof/index.htm

WorldFish summary Power point presentation

Press release

Article in BBC News: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7683748.stm

CGIAR webpage: http://www.cgiar.org/monthlystory/October2005.html

Daniel Jamu,Regional Director - East and Southern Africa

P.O. Box 229Zomba, Malawi

Malawi+265 1 536 298

Email: D.Jamu@cgiar.org This person was contacted but did not replied.

Dominique Bikaba, who went to give a presentation at the SCBD on October 23, 2008

POPOF coordinator and co-founderP.O. Box 325 Bukavu470 Cyangugu, Rw

Democratic Republic of CongoTel: +243-997-731-370

popofdrc@yahoo.fr

"Urban" fish farming could be the key to success in the longterm - by easing the burden on Lake Chilwa's precious natural resources.

Awards: The project was a finalist for the 2006 Equator Initiative Park

Future developments: Priority now is to develop markets for the artisanal products produced. Also, women are encouraged in starting small businesses and assisted with small business loans.Ecotourism is being developed, but the war is the main challenge. In the period of peace the park attracts around 10 tourists a week.

report to come more information to come

rainforest conservation REDD

revegetation deforestation

wildlife corridor carbon finance

stewardship programme mountains

Daintree Rainforest Conservation Initiative and Cassowary Conservation project, Australia

Reducing Carbon Emissions form Deforestation in the Ulu Masen Ecosystem, Aceh , Indonesia

Australia’s tropical rainforests are the oldest and one of the most biodiverse repositories of life forms on this planet. These small refuges of flora and fauna, some 140 million years old are under threat in the World Heritage Listed Daintree forest of far north Queensland in Australia.About 3,000 plant species from 210 families are found in the rainforest. This area is also home to about a third of Australia's 315 mammal species - 13 of these species are found nowhere else in the world. However, a disastrous subdivision of land in the 1980’s saw an influx of private landowners and a rise in tourism. This pressure has resulted in a combined effort by Government and private citizens to save the Daintree and the surrounding tropical rainforest.The Australian Rainforest Foundation (ARF) is leading the recovery of the Daintree rainforest through a buy back of freehold land for conservation using binding conservation covenants on the land title and by revegetating rainforest once cleared for farming.

Aceh Province retains the largest contiguous area of forest left in Sumatra. The Ulu Masen mountains are known to support a diversity of forest types, due to their complex geology, climate types, range of soil types and altitudinal range. Forests of Aceh are rich in tropical hardwood trees like semaram, merbau, kruing, andmeranti, which fetch a high price on international markets and make logging a lucrative business. This and conversion of forested areas for new development projects such as roads and other infrastructures, and plantation crops, are the major factors driving deforestation and fragmentation. Official government estimates suggest forests of Aceh continue to disappear at a rate of approximately 21,000ha per year. It is clear that habitat loss and fragmentation are the major threats to the biodiversity, particularly the mega-fauna that require large areas of contiguous suitable habitat. Poaching, which is projected to accelerate following the improved security situation in the province, also represents a serious threat for target species.

The ARF leads two main programs: 1. The Daintree Conservation Initiative. The ARF aims to buy up privately owned land in the Daintree rainforest to protect it from development, through different fund-raising mechanisms: tax deductible donations through payroll, corporate partnerships (ABC tissues for example) or adoption of a square by private individuals. The ARF then offers conservation land for sale through conservation covenants. The centrepiece of the ARF’s efforts is restoration of The George Mansford Reserve. The ARF is constructing a specialist nursery to gather seeds and forest stems for use in the revegetation of the tropical rainforest. 2. The Cassowary Conservation Project. Under the working banner ‘Operation Big Bird’ the Foundation plans to create a 250km wildlife corridor along Australia’s Wet Tropical Rainforest coast. The project also aims at conducting DNA research on cassowary ; implementing land acquisition and landowner stewardship payments ; managing invasive species (feral pig) ; and community education.

The project proponents can, with adequate carbon finance, institute measures that will reduce legal and illegal deforestation, promote reforestation and foster sustainable community forest management. Carbon-finance funds will be established to offset all, or most, of the opportunity costs of avoiding deforestation as well as support project activities and operations. A substantial portion of carbon finance will be deposited into these funds and will directly benefit local communities and forest guardians. The project’s goal is reducing deforestation by 85%, through:- Prevention of legal logging via land re-classification- Prevention of illegal logging: support for enhanced enforcement,community agreements, increased employment and income for local people, recruiting forest wardens, conducting forest monitoring and patrols, and improving synergies through law enforcement and other relevant agencies.- Reforestation, agro-forestry, mangrove restoration, fruit and coffee microplantations, orchards and sustainable forestry

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Connectivity - fragmentation of ecosystems

Trends in invasive alien species Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed)

Coverage of protected areas

The ARF has acquired 143 hectares of land over 14 titles, valued at $4,130,000 for the cost of $3,772,000. This is a leverage of 1.11 at a median per hectare rate of $26,916. In May2008 the Australian Rainforest Foundation (ARF) transferred 12 blocks, totaling 22 hectares of Daintree rainforest to the Queensland Environmental Protection Agency for inclusion into the Daintree National Park.

The Garners Beach Cassowary Recovery facility was built in 2001.Following the destruction by Cyclone Larry in the area the Foundation entered into a 6 month trial of a pig trapping program with Mission Beach company NQ Feral Pig Management Solutions Pty Ltd which commenced in June 2006. Eleven pig traps were deployed in the area resulting in 327 pigs being caught and destroyed.The Foundation accepted a contract from the Commonwealth for $130,000 to manage a research project into Indian Myna Birds, an imported pest variously described as the ‘flying cane toad’ due to its persistence and environmental damage.

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

19992008

ongoing 2012

au id

North Queensland Aceh

Implementation: Australian Rainforest FoundationFunding: Australian Government through Maintaining Australia’s Biodiversity Hotspots Program (2005-2007) ; Queensland Government ; Wet Tropics Ministerial Council (grant in 2002)Partners: Cairn's City Council; several corporate partners (ABC tissues)

Implementation: The Provincial Government of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Aceh)Partners: Fauna and Flora International (FFI); Carbon Conservation Pty. Ltd; World Bank Multi-Donor Fund’s Aceh Environment and Forest project (AFEP)

Australian Rainforest Foundation's website: http://www.arf.net.au/ project report

Annual report 2007 project evaluation

Evaluation of the Daintree Conservation Initiative and the Cassowary Conservation Project, 2007

Cassowary genetics September 2007 report

Cassowary corridor - synthesis

Related article on business and biodiversity and carbon markets: Merryll Lynch invests $9M in reforestation project in Aceh, Indonesia. See: http://news.mongabay.com/2008/0312-aceh_merrill_lynch.html

Roger PhillipsCEO - Australian Rainforest Foundation

P - (07) 40512000F - (07) 40312400

P.O. Box 3006, Cairns Qld 4870E - roger.phillips@arf.net.au

rafly@uninet.net.id''johno@carbonconservation.com'

'graham.usher@ffi.or.id'None of these contacts have replied so far

Future developments for Cassowary Conservation Initiative: "The project is ongoing. ARF has supported the Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) the peak research body in Australia, to undertake DNA testing of cassowary dung collected at various sub sites within the Wet Tropics. This will assist in determining cassowary gender, family relationships and hopefully give us a better understanding of their real range and distribution."

Awards: This project has been audited under the Climate, Community & Biodiversity Standards by independent 3rd party certifiers. It has been silver-rated in February 2008.

Future developments: The project is planned to begin January 1, 2008 and to be in a development phase from 2008 – 2012, prior to post-Kyoto frameworks. It is then scheduled to run for 25 years after 2012, until 2038.

complete Scientific paper to come before the end of 2008

Conservation of Cory's shearwater on the Hyeres islands "Municipalities adopt Limburg species" , Belgium

marine ecosystem Countdown 2010

protected area local initiatives

endangered species endemic species

island

invasive alien species

The Hyères archipelago hosts Mediterranean seabirds such as the Cory's shearwater, the Mediterranean Shearwater and the storm petrel. These birds nest in burrows which are only visited at night to avoid predation by large gulls. In the past, these species did not benefit from the same conservation measures. Although, the Cory's shearwater is included in Annex 1 of the Bird's Directive, both are listed as "least concern" by the IUCN. In recent years, the insular ecosystems of the Hyères archipelago, has suffered from several factors: increase in tourism, pollution (hydrocarbons, light and sound) and an overabundant population of nesting yellow-legged gull ( Larus cachinans ). These plentiful colonies of gulls have generated ecological imbalances on the islands. They scavenge open-air dumps on the mainland to feed their chicks and consequently bring a huge amount of organic matter to the islands. This has lead to an increase in the availability of food sources for introduced predators such as rats and cats. In recent years, the populations of these predators have increased rapidly.

More than 40% of the total surface of the Flemish nature is situated in Limburg. 90% of the ‘Flemish’ animals and plants can also be found in Limburg. A lot of rare and endangered plant and animal species even appear exclusively in Limburg. Globally the natural resources disappear noticeably.All the municipalities of Limburg (44) signed the Countdown 2010 Charter and committed themselves to do everything to combat the decline of biodiversity. In 2005, they launched together with the financial support of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) the project ‘Municipalities Adopt Species of Limburg’ (Gemeenten adopteren Limburgse Soorten – GALS).

The main aim of the project was to stop the decline and to ensure the long-term conservation of the Cory's shearwater and Yelkouan Shearwater Pon the Hyères archipelago. The following actions were planned:- Predator control by trapping (rats and cats) and removal of the yellow legged gull nests located inside the shearwaters colonies. - Restore and increase the carrying capacity of breeding sites by the creation of artificial burrows, the consolidation of deteriorated sites and the installation of acoustic devices. - Develop educational and communication tools to increase awareness among the general public, school children and professionals, of the existence and the fragility of shearwaters. - Launch a study programme to improve scientific knowledge about the ecology and biology of this poorly known species. - Exchange of knowledge and know-how amongst managers and scientists

GALS is an unique project: every municipality in Limburg was asked to adopt a plant or an animal species which is typical for her territory. That could be a species which is the ambassador of the typical landscape of the municipality or it could be a species that can almost exclusively be found in that municipality. A species that emphasizes the character of the municipality and for which the municipality wants to make special efforts. For every municipality the project office wrote an action plan. It contains the outlines within which the municipalities can protect their adopted species. Territory actions, communication, sensitization and education get their place in it. Monitoring both the adopted species as the developed activities receives due attention. The action plan constitutes a manual by which the municipalities or their inhabitants can manage their adopted species.

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Trends in invasive alien species

Between before the project and 2007, the populations increased from 195-245 couples to 226-306 (Cory’s shearwater) and from 230-300 cuoples to 1 112-1 576 (Mediterranean shearwater). 36 artificial burrows were put in place and both species of shearwater responded positively: traces of frequentation increased every year.Other significant results of the project include:- Improved knowledge of the Hyères island seabirds thanks to a monitoring protocol; - Improved knowledge and management of predators introduced on the Hyères islands: priority was given to the capture and export of 29 cats, and integrated control measures were put in place; - Limiting public access to the reproduction sites and controlling access to the islands.- Great number of publications, creation of an educational kit on Mediterranean marine birds, presentation of an exhibition (88 000 visitors), presentations in 24 schools, participation in 5 national and international events.

In June 2006 each one of the 44 municipalities of Limburg had adopted her species. On the 19th of February 2008 the action plans of the GALS-project have been handed overduring a final event. A lot of municipalities already undertook some actions.In Wellen and in Peer, some new pools have been constructed and in Tessenderlo they are arranging a buffer zone around Tessenderlo Chemie, where the common redstart can find a home. Others reserved a budget for the protection of ‘their’ species. In many municipalities working groups have been established. It are ‘think tanks’ which not only develop actions, but also evaluate how the actions are being executed and what the effects are for the species.Some examples of practical actions: municipalities dig pools and plant hedges, organize educational walks, name streets after their species or commission art projects.

September 1 2003 December 1 2005

September 1 2007 February 28 2008

fr be

Provence-Alpes Cote d'Azur province of Limburg

Implementation: Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), an NGO which represents Birdlife International in France.Partners: National Park of Port-Cros; Mediterranean Institute of Ecology and PaleoecologyFunding: LIFE Initiative, French ministry of Environment

Initiative: Province of Limburg and Regional landscapesFunding: European Regional Development Fund

LIFE project sumary Countdown 2010 webpage: http://www.countdown2010.net/news/060703_limburgspecies.html

Project website: http://www.puffin-hyeres.org/index.php Project document-part 1

LIFE project final report Project document-part 2

Scientific study on the Cory's sheawater conservation process (in french) Power point presentation

Article from a periodic (french)

Related LIFE-funded project: "Conservation of marine birds of Marseille islands". These marine birds face the same threats as cory's sheawater, such as invasive rats species, tourism and human activities that destroy the natural habitat. See: "http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.createPage&format=p&s_ref=LIFE03 NAT/F/000102&area=1&yr=2003&n_proj_id=2457&cfid=31400&cftoken=9d9f79722bd0b704-3042A73E-C926-A871-88D63AA249A0ACFF&mode=print&menu=false

Benjamin Kabouche, DirecteurLPO PACA

6, rue Jean Jaures 83400 HYERES

Tel : 04 94 12 79 52 Fax : 04 94 35 43 28

benjamin.kabouche@lpo.fr

Peter BaertCoordinator Biodiversity in the province of Limburg

pbaert@limburg.be

An After-LIFE conservation plan was elaborated, with 3 main objectives: 1) Integration and continuation of LIFE actions in the Natura 2000 ‘objectives document’ (document d’objectifs — DOCOB) for the Parc National de Port-Cros. 2) Elaboration of a national conservation plan for the Yelkouan Shearwater and changing its IUCN status from "Least Concern" to "Near Threatened". 3) Further designation of coastal and marine Natura 2000 sites in France.

Awards: On the 21st of May, the project received the “Countdown 2010-activity award”. Future development: “A logical step would be a cooperation across the borders, for example the combining of adoption species to habitats. (…) The province of Limburg, together with partners in other provinces, an interregional project.”A scientific paper is due to be published before the end of 2008 - contact Peter Baert

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Green roofs in the city of Malmo, Sweden

green building Dolphin conservation

water sanitation system Fisheries

birds Food security

insects Health and sanitation

urban biodiversity

"Dolphin for development: chance for survival"project in Kratie and Stung Treng provinces, Cambodia

Along with the spread of large cities, green areas are reducing in size and are becoming fewer in total. The interest in making use of the unused surface areas of roofs for green space has increased in recent years. A green area can be created on a roof as a roof garden. A relatively new and interesting alternative to high maintenance roof gardens is the so-called extensive green roof i.e. those with a growing medium of six inches (150 millimeters) or shallower. In recent years development of thinner and lighter earth layers has been achieved making it possible to green large roof areas, such as industrial buildings, with light allowable roof loadings.

The Mekong River population of the Irrawaddy Dolphin only inhabits the short stretch of the Cambodian Mekong from Kratie to the Lao border. The accepted estimate is of less than 100 individual animals remaining, a spectacular decline form several thousand dolphins in the 1960s. Mekong river dolphins are recognized as critically endangered, and their mortality is very high: in 2004 a total of 18 bodies were recovered from the river, 14 bodies in 2005 and 19 dolphins in 2006. The pools where the dolphins live are also havens for a wide range of fish species, and are therefore favoured by local fishermen. An interim order has been issued by the Prime Minister to ban all gill-net fishing in the area, but it has strong negative consequences on the people who live along the river, and have no option but to fish. That’s why it is imperative to provide them with alternative livelihood opportunities.

The goal of the 'Extensive Roof Greening' project was to achieve a wider application of an innovative roof greening technique throughout Scandinavia through demonstration and dissemination of associated environmental benefits. An easily accessible facility, with around 9500m2 of industrial roofing laid with 'lightweight green roofing' of different types, was created, called '"Augustenborg’s Botanical Roof Gardens".The action plan included the following steps:- Detailed planning and best practise study- Detailed engineering design- Roof reparation/sealing/platform construction- Construction of green roofing elements- Seminar centre fit-out- Quality control and auditing- Experimentation and academic reporting.In 2001, the storm water system in the area was also replaced with a nearly 1000 m long new open system wich runs from IGRI (International Green Roof Institute) between the houses, through parks and ponds until it reaches the old below ground system for storm water.

The short-term objectives are: a) Improved food security through improved agriculture, aquaculture and small livestock training and supply, and provision of income generation opportunities - through surplus production of vegetables, fish and livestock, and introduction to tourism. c) Improved health and sanitation - through provision of pump wells to supply clean drinking water and construction of biodigesters and toilets throughout the village.The long-term objectives are: d) Reducing fishing pressure in the River (and potential dolphin entanglement in fishing gear), by provision of alternative livelihoods within the villages. e) Contributing towards conservation of dolphins and the riverine ecosystem through a dedicated education and awareness programf) Encouraging local co-operation with conservation activities through village development activities and training for project sustainability.The CRDT Project Team was able to conduct 109 meetings, workshops and training sessions during 2007 project period. Approximately 895 beneficiary families have been participating with the project directly.

Ecological footprint and related concepts

Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

The construction of the demonstration facility for green roof installations have been completed. Expectations have been met:- Green roofs ensure considerable reduction of the storm water run-off: Green roofs provide a significant water regulation effect during rainfall events. Up to 60 % of the yearly precipitation can be managed in-situ and returned to the atmospheric hydrological cycle through evaporation and transportation.- Significant energy savings for heating can be achieved: the roof’s thermal insulation is better and provides active summer cooling through evaporation and transpiration effects. - Wider biodiversity in urban environment can be achieved: a study conducted from 2001 to 2003 showed that in 2003, 28 bird species were found in the study area. This is the highest number since the onset of the study. Compared with 2002 two new species was observed (fieldfare and common swift. In total 95 different species of insects were found, which is an increase with 6 compared to 2002. The numbers of mammals and molluscs are stable ( see below: "Report: Birds and Insects in Augustenborg Ekostad")

a) During 2007, the Project Team worked with 20 families, implemented pilot techniques to improve rice production, provided training courses on vegetable growing techniques and have successfully facilitated the establishment of 83 integrated home gardens that are now producing sufficient vegetables to supply food for beneficiaries’ home consumption. In 2007, 147 families become involved in duck farming and 59 participated in chicken raising activities. Community development tours were developed in 2007 and tourism has proved to be a valuable income generation strategy for both CRDT and the village of Koh Pdao.c) During 2007, a total of 113 household Rain Water Collectors and 12 community river hand pump systems were constructed. d) e) Despite dedicated efforts by the Cambodian Mekong Dolphin Conservation Project (CMDCP) and CRDT, 2007 saw 14 dolphin mortalitiesf) The project team worked closely with village chiefs, VDC and group leaders the target villages to share their experiences, and to help them understand the importance of natural resource management and sustainable livelihood strategies.

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

1999 January 1 2006

2003 December 31 2007

se kh

Malmo City Kratie and Stung Treng provinces

Implementation: Municipality of MalmoFunding: grant from LIFE Environment 1998-2003; Swedish Department of Environment

Cambodian rural development Team (CRDT) with the help of WWF and Pro-Victimis Foudation

Project summary Website of Cambodian Rural Development Team (CRDT): http://www.crdt.org.kh/index.php?page=stung_treng_and_kratie

Project's website: http://www.greenroof.se/ 2007 final report

Report: Birds and Insects in Augustenborg Ekostad (this study conducted from 2001 to 2003 surveys the distribution of mammals, birds, molluscs and insects species in green roofs and water ponds)Interim report 2008

Brochure Baseline Survey Report 2008

Article: "The influence of extensive vegetated roofs on runoff water quality"

Related article: a very good general scientific paper on greenroofs and biodiversity: English Nature Research Reports n. 498: "Green Roofs: their existing status and potential for conserving biodiversity in urban areas"

“Fight to save Cambodian Dolphin Continues”, by Rory Byrne, Kratie, Cambodia, September 1st 2008 in VOA News: http://voanews.com/english/2008-09-01-voa41.cfm

Related project: WWF Cambodian Mekong Dolphin Conservation. See: http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/asia_pacific/our_solutions/greatermekong/projects/index.cfm?uProjectID=9S0766

Anna BernstadAugustenborgs Botanical Roof Garden

www.greenroof.seYstadvägen 56

MalmöSweden

Telephone: + 46 40 94 85 20

Erin GuthManagement advisor, CRDT

Mobile: 017 246 322Office: 023 357 230

erin_guth@crdt.org.khWould like to be kept informed of how SCBD will use her project

complete

PSA PROGRAMME, Pago por Servicios Ambientales, Costa Rica

Payments for environmental services

Hydrological services

Forest conservation

Carbon sequestration

Agro-pastoral systems

Forest Law No.7575, enacted in 1996, explicitly recognized four environmental services provided by forest ecosystems: (i) mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions; (ii) hydrological services, including provision of water for human consumption, irrigation, and energy production; (iii) biodiversity conservation; and (iv) provision of scenic beauty for recreation and ecotourism. The law provides the regulatory basis to contract landowners for the services provided by their lands, and establishes the National Fund for Forest financing (Fondo Nacional de Financiamento Forestal, FONAFIFO).

The purpose of the project is to increase the production of environmental services in Costa Rica by supporting the development of markets for services supplied by privately owned forests, including protection of biological diversity, greenhouse gas mitigation, and provision of hydrological services. The global environmental objective is to foster biodiversity conservation and preserve important forest ecosystems through conservation easements on privately-owned lands out of protected areas in the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor. The project will strengthen offices within the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE), as well as local and regional non-governmental organizations, to reach the following outcomes:a) an additional 50,000 hectares of privately owned lands in Tortuguero, La Amistad Caribe, and Osa Conservation Areas incorporated into Costa Rica’s conservation easement program; b) establishment of a financial instrument to support conservation easements in Costa Rica over the long term; and c) increased landowner participation in, and benefits from, forest conservation-related activities within the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor in Costa Rica.

The forest area enrolled in the PSA program at the end of 2005 represented 270,000ha, i.e 10% of the country’s forest area.The PSA program has been very popular with landowners, with requests to participate far outstripping available financing. Forest conservation has consistently been the most popular contract, accounting for 95% of enrolled area at the end of 2005. Studies estimate that primary forest cover nationwide in 2005 was about 10% greater than it would have been without the PSA Program.Once fully implemented, the water tariff will provide about US$5 million a year to FONAFIFO. Carbon financing will also provide a reasonably long-term income stream for activities eligible under the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism. As noted, an initial sale of 0.61 million CO2e has been made to World Bank’s BioCarbon Fund. FONAFIFO hopes to generate about S$1 million a year from carbon sales by 2012.PES to cattle farmers resulted in a 2.2% decrease in the total percentage area of degraded pastures, and in an increase in the percentage area of improved pastures with low and high tree density (10% of total area).

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Jun-00

Aug-04

cr

FONAFIO (National Fund for forest financing), and funds form World Bank, GEF and KfW German Aid Agency

Report, “Payments for environmental services in Costa Rica”, by Stefano Pagiola, World Bank, December 20, 2006

Additional reports on alternative approaches to PES in spanish: http://go.worldbank.org/7V3J30KSF0

Effects of PES on land restoration in Agroforestería en las Américas N º 45 2007

Effects of PES on agropastoral systems, in Agroforestería en las Américas N º 45 2007

Effects of PES on land-use change, in Agroforestería en las Américas N º 45 2007

Muhammad Ibrahim, regional cordinator for the silvopastoral project CATIE mibrahim@catie.ac.cr

A new project, “Maintreaming Market Based Instruments for Environmental Management” (MMBIEM) continues supporting the program since 2007.

complete complete

Invasive alien plants Community Conservation Compensation

Payment for environmental services Integrated Conservation and development project (ICDP)

Wood products Opportunity costs

Business and biodiversity Logging

Forest clearance

Eco-friendly coffins: a pilot project part from the Working for Water programme in South Africa

Negative story: failure of a Community Conservation Concession in Setulang (Kalimantan, Indonesia)

The cost of funerals are crippling for the poor in many developing countries and communities. In some cases, predatory industries have been built around this vulnerability of the poor. In many such areas, a “Mafia” has developed that controls this lucrative industry. The Working for Water programme (WfW) lanched in 1995 by the SA government has cleared over one million hectares of invasive alien plant infestations across South Africa, which has yielded large amounts of biomass. In certain circumstances, leaving this dry plant material in the cleared area can exacerbate the risks and negative impacts of fire, soil erosion and floods. The opportunity therefore exists for the biomass to be utilised for the production of wood products that over time would reduce the cost of clearing, thereby contributing to the greater sustainability of clearing operations, and one of the products that WfW intends to produce from this biomass is coffins.

Setulang Village is located in the Malinau River watershed. In 2005, 945 people (226 households) lived in the village in five community clusters, and practice a mix of shifting cultivation, agroforestry, and semi-permanent gardening, supplemented by fishing, hunting, and gathering. The area, close to Kayan Mentarang National Park, is one of a few remaining patches of pristine forest in the lowland–mountain transition zone. Between 2000 and 2003, the area was threatened by a wave of logging sweeping through the district, as well as by increasing pressures to convert forest to other land uses, both of which threatened the biodiversity values of the region.

The project is a two-year pilot project initiated in 2005 that works as a partnership between the Working for Water programme, key Government Departments and faith-based groups. 1) Marketing and research: it was planned to develop an advocacy framework.2) Production: Local people and especially women are trained in carpentry or crafting. The objective was also to build a partnership with the Department of Correctional Services. Awaiting-release prisoners were due to be trained in carpentry skills and then incorporated into coffin-assembly units post release. 3) Distribution: The faith-based organizations were envisaged to be the distributors of the coffins and key partner in making pronouncements against the culture of expensive funerals. On the distribution side, additional agents have been brought on board to ensure that the coffins reach the bereaved when and where they are needed.

The idea involved paying the community of Setulang to keep their 5300-ha forest intact rather than sell the logging rights to a timber company. The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) discussed the basic idea of a Community Conservation Concession with villagers at four meetings, and it was received positively. They suggested using the prospective payments for such things as financing the costs of forest protection, strengthening land tenure through land demarcation, and improving village infrastructure, with a preference for smaller periodic disbursements. Between July 2002 and December 2003, CIFOR prepared three proposals: two for corporate donors and one for an international conservation organization.

Trends in invasive alien species

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed)

Indicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed)

200 girls between 15 and 25 years old were trained in crafting and gardening through four skill-building courses. Half of the trained girls began earning steady income within 6 months by participating in village markets. 68 people, comprising mostly of women and youth have been trained in capentry, tree felling, business and life skills. All the trained people began to earn steady income in their first month of training by being part of the felling of trees to be used in the manufacturing of coffins and they are also part of the manufacturing of coffins. 408 families are being supported in terms of food, access to basic education and health facilities due to these employment of 68 people by Eco-Coffins Programme.1900 coffins have been manufactured, and more than 300 persons have been buried with dignity in these coffins. R55 000 in revenue was generated. The Eco-coffins are being sold at R300 for the Rope-handle Eco-coffin, R420 for the clear Gold-handle Eco-coffin, R440 for the dark-stained Gold-handle Eco-coffin, R1,990 for the Eco-coffin Casket, and R100 for the Infant Eco-coffin.

None of the three prospective donors (a foreign oil company, a large international bank’s corporate fund and an international conservation NGO) were convinced enough to support it. The donors contacted wanted to pursue a more traditional Integrated Conservation and Development Project (ICDP). Their reasons were :a) None of the donors had a time horizon to make continuous payments over more than 3 years,b) All the potential donors felt uncomfortable ultimately with the notion of contingent payments.c) The donors also raised two important legitimate concerns: uncertain land tenure and the nature of the conservation problem. One donor in particular was apprehensive about the potential for a CCC to exacerbate inter-village conflicts over land.d) They identified “the risk of a too direct link between conservation and money given” (the NGO)e) They did not want to support a scheme that placed a cap on local land use (the bank)

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)

2005 2002

2007 2003

za id

KwaZulu Natal Kalimantan

Departement of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs with the financial support of Alliance of religion and Conservation and the cooperation of

Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South African Council of Churches

Project report, 2007 http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss1/art12/

Media release by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, 6 June 2005

Description of the Working for water programme

Related article: "Biological control in the management of invasive alien plants in Suoth Africa, and the role of the Working for Water programme", published in South African Journal of Science, 2004

Related article: "Scientific challenges in the field of invasive alien plant management", published in South African Journal of Science, 2004

Related article: "Invasive alien plants and water resources in South Africa- current understanding, predictive ability and research challenges", published in South African Journal of Science, 2004

Bekhi DlaminiProgramme manager

KZN Department of Agriculture and Environmental AffairsPrivate Bag X9059

Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, 3200bheki.dlamini@dae.kzntl.gov.za

Tel 033 355 9353 / 082 858 0907Fax 033 355 9334

Sven Wunder , Peter GH Frost Ramses Iwan Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)

Bruce Campbell Forests and Livelihoods Programme, CIFOR, School for Environmental Research, Charles Darwin

UniversityJeffrey A. Sayer IUCN Landscapes and Livelihoods Initiative,

Lini Wollenberg The University of Vermont

Awards: The project won the Development Marketplace World Bank Award in 2005, and was awarded US$150,000.

Future developments: The project is due to be replicated. A non-profit organization is being established to recover the money for

the coffins sold in the long-term.

complete

Payment for environmental services Payment for environmental services (PES)

Silvopastoral practices Watersheds protection

Economic incentives Water quality

Carbon-sequestration service Incentive measures

Environmental benefits index

World Bank final report to come

RISEMP, Regional Integrated Silvopastoral Ecosystem Management Project in Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua

Sustainable Management of Pimampiro's renewable natural ressources for the maintenance of water quantity and quality

About 38 percent (94 million out of 248 million hectares) of Central America’s total land area is used as permanent pasture, and this area has expanded over the last decade in Costa Rica, Columbia and Nicaragua at a rate of between four and nine percent, mostly at the expense of tropical forest. In the past, government-backed conversion of forest to other land uses, such as large scale ranching, was one of the leading causes of deforestation. Today poverty, joblessness and inequitable land distribution is forcing many landless peasants to clear the forest for subsistence farming. In addition to the environmental problems caused by the initial loss of forest, traditional approaches to pasture are often unsustainable. After an initial period of high yields, soil fertility is depleted and grass cover diminishes, resulting in soil erosion, contamination of water supplies, air pollution, further loss of biodiversity, and degradation of landscapes.

Pimampiro is located in the highlands at an altitude of between 1,600 and 4,000 metres above sea level, on the river Pisque watershed. The municipality is regularly subject to water shortages. Despite the lack of hydrological information, the common perception is that the forests ensure water supply, particularly during the dry season, and water quality, since the trees can prevent erosion. But the area has faced strong deforestation pressure for timber extraction, agriculture and cattle raising. In 1985, Pimampiro had 19,000 hectares of primary forest and today there are less than 7,000 hectares (Municipalidad de Pimampiro, 2002).The project is a 1999 agreement between: DFC, an FAO-funded project for community forest management, the NGO Cederena, The Inter-American Foundation, a US donor, and the municipality of Pimampiro. Its objective is a “sustainable management of Pimampiro’s Renewable Natural Ressources for the Maintenance of Water Quantity and Quality”.

The main development objective of this pilot project is to introduce payment incentives for environmental services to farmers on their adoption of integrated silvopastoral farming systems in degraded pasture lands in Colombia, Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Launched in July 2002 by the Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE), the project aims at a) achieving local environmental and social benefits: sylvopastoral systems improve pasture and livestock productivity, provide the farmers with an additional income, improve the quality of soils, and reduce dependence on agrochemicals b) achieving global environmental benefits through creation of biodiversity corridors (trees being a refuge for biodiversity), landslides and erosion prevention, carbon sequestrationc) experiencing the management of incentives. Contracts were established with farmers for annual on-going payments based on two point-systems, a biodiversity conservation index and a carbon-sequestration index. d) developing guidelines for sector and environmental policies in terms of land use, environmental services and socio-economic development

This PES system provides incentives for the people to conserve the forest, through:- maintenance of forest capacity to regulate water quality and quantity- carbon sequestration- ecotourism- biodiversity protectionIn the beginning of 2001 the municipality established a Water Regulation for the Payment of Environmental Services for Forest and Páramo Conservation. The fund was created with an initial investment of US$15,000, and an increase in water charges. It is managed by an ad-hoc comitte that determines the amount to be paid to each family that owns lands in Nueva America, after verifying the property titles, measuring the holdings and inspecting the condition of the land.Landowners sign up a 5-year conservation agreement and receive monthly payments based on available resources. A penalty system exists in case of violations of the rules.

Water quality of aquatic ecosystems

Connectivity - fragmentation of ecosystems Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

The publication of the World Bank final report which was expected for October 2008 has been delayed. The report should however be available

before the end of 2008 - Contact John Ruiz.

An hydrological analysis showed that the current payments, even low, represent an incentive for the producers since their opportunity cost to deforest at a 0.5Ha/year rate is the same as what they obtain in payments. If they chose not to deforest, PES increase their net income by 7%. There was a real improvement in water quantity and quality reaching the city, mainly due to the infrastructure improvements (undertaken by the municipality).There has been reduced intervention in forest and páramo land. Although monitoring shows that at some point there have been some violations to the agreements (in the form of slash-and-burn practices, unauthorised selective timber extraction and soil and undergrowth extraction), the frequency and intensity has reduced following introduction of the PES. Through the scheme, participants received technical assistance and training to develop agro-ecology projects (creation of organic family gardens) and agro-forestry projects (medicinal plants collection and commercialisation, and production of highly valued ornamental plants, like orchids).

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

August 1 2002 1999

January 31 2002

co cr ni ec

Imbabura province

Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE) and other donors : Worlds Bank, GEF, LEAD-FAO

Local NGO CEDERNA (Ecological Corporation for the Development of renewable ressources). Funding: Inter American Foundation (IAF),

FAO, municipality of Pimampiro

Scientific paper "Paying for Biodiversity Conservation Services in Agricultural Landscapes": http://www.fao.org/WAIRDOCS/LEAD/X6154E/x6154e00.htm#TopOfPage

http://watershedmarkets.org/casestudies/Ecuador_Pimampiro_E.html

http://www.gefonline.org/projectDetailsSQL.cfm?projID=947 Report from the Environmental Economics Programme, January 2004

Project appraisal document from GEF Paper presented at the ZEF-CIFOR workshop on PES in 2005

Hydrological analysis (in spanish)

Juan Pablo Ruiz, Jruiz@worldbank.orgWorld bank

1818 H St – NW Washington DC 20443Tel: 1(202)473-0347

Fax: (1 202) 522-0262or: Pagostini@worldbank.orgOr cdehaan@worldbank.org;

Andrea Garzón, M.Sc.Coordinadora de Proyectos

EcoDecisión Cia. Ltda.Telefax: (593) 02 2450671Celular: (593) 09 3579855

E-mail: andreosky@rocketmail.comSkype: andreoskygs

The publication of the World Bank final report which was expected for October 2008 has been delayed. The report should however be available

before the end of 2008 - Contact John Ruiz.

complete Scientific article to come in November 2008

The Vittel payments for ecosystem services

Payment for environmental services Responsible land management

Water quality Economic incentive

Watersheds protection Deforestation

Business and biodiversity Social environmental responsibility

Business and biodiversity

An organization of reponsible beef and grain producers who commit to better land management in Mato Grosso, Brazil

Vittel waters are characterized by a total absence of nitrites and a particularly low level of nitrates. To be labeled ‘Vittel’, the water cannot contain more than 4.5 mg of nitrates per liter and must not contain pesticides. In the early 80s, the de la Motte family, owners of the Vittel brand, realized that the intensification of agriculture in the Vittel catchment posed a risk to the nitrate and pesticides level in Grande Source and consequently to the Vittel brand. The increased nitrate rate was caused primarily by the heavy leaching of fertilizers from the maize fields in the winter when fields are barren, overstocking, and poor management of animal waste.In 1988, Vittel proposed to farmers with land in the protection perimeter that they transform their land into grassland, a solution outlined by a group of experts in the French Committee for the Reduction of Water Pollution by Nitrates, but farmers felt the proposal was not adapted to their production system and rejected it.

In Mato Grosso (Amazonia), ranchers and farmers are getting organized in order to slow down deforestation and struggle against civil disobedience. Since the early 1970s, environmental groups have spent billions of dollars on conservation efforts in the Amazon, but have failed to slow the destruction of its rainforests – the Brazilian Amazon has lost more than 700,000 square kilometers (270,000 square miles) of forest in that time. As donor dollars poured into the region, deforestation rates continued to climb, peaking at 73,785 square kilometers (28,488 sq mi) of forest loss between 2002 and 2004, before falling sharply in 2005 and 2006 due to declining commodity prices. A law makes landowners retain 50 per cent of their properties as forest reserve, and ranchers and farmers are also expected to maintain permanent protection areas (APPs) on hillsides and by waterways, but theses rules are not respected, resulting in soil erosion and biodiversity loss.

In 1989 Vittel, in partnership with the French National Agronomic Institute (INRA), launched a four-year research program in order to understand the farming systems. Simultaneously, another research led to the conclusions that in order to maintain nitrate rates below 4.5 mg/l in the aquifer, the nitrate rate had to be lower than 10mg/l in the root zone. A number of practices were identified to maintain this rate and a zero pesticides level, among which give up maize cultivation for animal feed, compost animal waste, give up agrochemicals, and adopt an intensive land-and-labour system. In 1992 Nestlé Waters, then owner of Vittel, created Agrivair, an intermediary responsible for negotiating and implementing the program. A package of incentives was developed: 18 or 30 year contracts, abolition of debt linked to land acquisition, subsidy of about 200 euros/ha/year over five years, free labour to apply compost, free technical assistance including individual farm plans. The payments are not based on the change in nitrate rates but on new farm investment and the cost of adoption of new farming practices.Simultaneously, Agrivair also purchased lands available in the area.

John Carter, a Texan landowner, created in 2004 in partnership with IPAM (Amazone research Institute) Alianca da Terra, an association of responsible beef and grain producers who commit to better land management. The organization, supported by the Xavante indigenous tribe, :a) supports the development of a national certification system through a registry of producers whose properties and management practices are surveyed by an environmental engineer and then audited by IPAM. Each farm has to comply to rules to enter a Social Environmental Commitment register (CCS). The producers having in possession the Social Environmental Diagnosis of their property, it makes possible an elaboration of environmental planning that looks for the regularization of their property. b) provides some incentive measures : Rabobank (a Dutch farm bank) gives money for replanting on the basis that this will generate saleable carbon credits, and an agreement was signed with Grupo Bertin, one of Brazil's biggest meatpackers.

Water quality of aquatic ecosystems Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Connectivity - fragmentation of ecosystems

Proportion of products derived from sustainable sources

The programme was ultimately successful. According to INRA: the nitrate rate in water increased from 1975 to 1989, and then has become stabilized since 1989 ; there was also a decrease in the winter nitrate rate, from 47,3 mgN03/liter in 1991-1992 to 41,7 mgN03/litre in 1994-1995. By 2004, all 26 farms in the area had adopted the new farming system; 1,700 ha of maize had been eliminated; and 92% of the sub-basin was protected. The programme speeded up the retirement of the marginal farmers who sold their land to Agrivair. The number of farms in the sub-basin declined from 37 to 26 while average size farm increased to 150 ha as the extensive production required additional land. A clear indicator of success has been the request from young farmers who have taken over the family farm to enter into 30-year contracts. At present, all farmers have signed 30-year contracts.

Though criticized by NGOs for its use of market forces, the organization now counts 18 employees and has completed 77 surveys covering 1.6 million hectares of land.“Today we have more than 1.6 million hectares registered in our database and the demand is increasing. We managed to introduce good land stewardship in areas of the agricultural frontier, allowing a better use of the land and reducing the pressure for further deforestation” (Aline Maldonado, Alianca da Terra)Xingu pilot project is in process with 11 properties to develop carbon credits: “Last year we started a project of rehabilitation of riparian buffer zones in partnership with Rabobank, which provided resources for this recovery. The bank had as a requirement, that the estate be registered in the RSR. It was a pilot project of 40 ha and this year it will be 1,000 ha. We are elaborating a carbon program with this project so that the carbon absorbed in this recovery would become carbon credits.”

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

1989 2004

fr br

Champagne-Ardennes Mato Grosso, Amazone

Implementation: Agrivair (intermediary agency created by Nestle Waters)

Partners: INRA (Institut National de la recherche agronomique) through a Vittel Agriculture-Environment Programme called AGREV

and International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK.

Funding: UK Department for International Development

Alianca da terra partnership with IPAM, Amazone research Institute (Brazilia), Woods Hole Research Center, Finance : David and Lucile Packard Foundation (US), Blue Moon Fund, USAID agreement with

Rabobank and Grupo Bertin

The Vittel payments for ecosystem services: a “perfect” PES case?” Danièle Perrot-Maitre, September 2006, International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK.Alianca da Terra website: http://www.aliancadaterra.org.br/old/ingles/quemsomos.htm

Scientific paper see pages 16-18 IPAM website: http://www.ipam.org.br/web/index.php

INRA hydrological data: impact of new practices on water quality: http://www.inra.fr/sad/vittel/impactnouvellespratiq.htm#qualitéeauSocial environmental comitment register

article on INRA's website: http://www.inra.fr/les_partenariats/collaborations_et_partenaires/

entreprises/en_direct_des_labos/cas_de_vittelSocial Environmental Analysis of Example Farm

Nestle Waters website: http://www.vittel.com/fr/c-respect_environnement.htmArticle in Mongaby.com, interview of John Carter: http://news.mongabay.com/2007/0607-carter_interview.html

Finanacial Times article: Times http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d7be5052-132a-11dd-8d91-0000779fd2ac.html?nclick_check=1

Washington Post article

Danièle Perrot-Maître • Email: daniele.perrotmaitre@gmail.comForestry and Land Use, Natural Resources Group, International Institute for Environment and Development 3 Endsleigh Street,

London WC1H 0DD, UK • Tel: +44 (0)20 7388 2117 •Fax: +44 (0)20 7388 2826

ou Marc Barbier, INRA: barbier@grignon.inra.fr

Daniel Nepstad (scientist, works with IPAM)dnepstad@whrc.org Woods Hole Research Center 149 Woods Hole Road Falmouth, MA 02540-1644 Phone: 508-540-9900 x131 ax: 508-540-9700Aline Maldonado Locks ( Alianca da Terra contact)alinemaldonado@gmail.comGina Cardinot (IPAM)cardinot@ipam.org.brskype contact: ginacardinot

Nestle began to use the same PES approach for Perrier and Contrex, and then dropped it.

wA proposal is being studied that seeks the creation of incentives to the environmental recovery through the isolation of APP's (Permanent Preservation Areas), starting from the industrial section, where the members of SEC would receive a bonus on its slaughtered cattle price, to invest in this recovery. wIn partnership with IPAM we will begin to develop the tracking of mammals and fish in the properties registered” (A. Maldonado, Allianca da Terra)wThe implementation of a REDD programme that invest in the environmental preservation compensating landowners that opt not to deforest is debated by governmental organizations. w A scientific article will be available in mid-November, and should include some monitoring results

information to come complete

Protection of the mangrove in the Pichavaram region, India

Land conservation Mangrove restoration

Protected areas Tsunamis

Endangered plant species Community leadership

Financial incentives

Invasive alien species

A stewardship programme was initiated in 2003 to facilitate conservation on privately owned land, in

Western Cape, South Africa

The Cape floristic region host many endangered plant species, including cancer bush (used as a treatement for

AIDS and cancer) and renosterveld. The fact that about 80 percent of South Africa's priority conservation land is in

private and communal hands, lead scienctists to develop strategies that involve these landholders.

Mangrove wetlands provide a variety of protective and productive services to the coastal communities: they mitigate the adverse impact of storms, cyclones and Tsunami in coastal areas, reduce coastal erosion and gains land by accreting sea and adjacent coastal water bodies, act breeding, nursery and feeding grounds for many commercially important prawns, fish, crabs and mollusks, and enhance the fishery potential of adjacent coastal waters by providing them with large quantities of organic and inorganic nutrients.The 2004 Tsunami has not only caused destruction to life and property but also serious damage to the coastal ecological and economic resources. On the other hand, the coastal vegetations have played a role in mitigating the impact of Tsunami on these coastal communities to some extent.In 1996 M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Chennai, launched a major programme on the restoration of the mangrove wetlands of the east coast of India.

A Conservation Stewardship Programme was initiated in 2003 by the Western Cape Nature Conservation Board and

the Botanical Society of South Africa. The landowners undertake to protect and manage their properties to sound

conservation management principles and CapeNature supports this management by providing advice,

management plans and assistance in planning alien invasive species clearing and fire management

schedules. These agreements may take the form of one of three categories with differing levels of obligation :

Conservation Areas, Cooperation Agreements and Contract Nature Reserves.

The programme aims at: a) conserving and regenerate mangroves along the east coast of India: establishment of bio-shields along the coast involving raising plantations of mangrove trees in suitable areas; intensive nursery management system for mangrove plants with coastal communities; propagation of techniques manual for mangrove plantsb) strengthening the participation of stakeholders in the conservation and management through education, training and policy support: creation of a “Coastal Bio-village” tool-kit (sustainable use of natural resources, introduction of market-driven, non-farm livelihood options as well as value addition to primary products). c) identifying and transferring salt tolerance genes from mangroves species to crops like rice and mustard growing in coastal areas.The Community-based group is the active implementing agency at the village level. An agreement was signed between MSSRF and the local community-based group, indicating clear roles and responsibilities for each of the partners, monitoring mechanism and sharing of the resources and benefits.

Coverage of protected areas Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitats

Trends in invasive alien species

In 2007, 625 685 Ha were covered by one of the three forms of agreements.

The area of the mangrove forest cover in Pichavaram mangrove wetland has increased by about 90% between 1996 and 2002.During 2006-2008 a mangrove bioshield was raised in 45 ha in MGR Thittu and Mudasalodai. A total of 223000 propagules (seedlings) were planted in these areas, consisting of Avicennia marina seedlings and Rhizophora species. During 2008, 800 saplings were planted in 1.5 ha as a non-mangrove bioshield.At Kalpakkam, rice cultivation under organic farming in the demo plot yielded 3.78 ton/ha. Four Coastal Village Knowledge Centres have been established and provide need-based information. In the Community Agrobiodiversity Centre of Wayanad, identification of the targeted 80 Rare Endangered and Threatened (RET) plant species have been completed, and 13,558 seedlings of these species were raised as a conservation measure.Sixteen training and awareness generation programmes were conducted, including organic farming, vermi-composting, nursery raising, bee keeping. 446 people attended the programme, of whom 233 were women with 70 % of the participants belonging to tribes.

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

Health and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and services

Trends in genetic diversity of domesticated animals, cultivated plants, and fish species of major socio-economic importance

Area of forest, agricultural aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management

2003 1996

za in

Western Cape Province Tamil Nadu region

Western Cape Nature Conservation Board Finance: CEPF (Critical Ecosystem Partnerships Fund)

M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Chennai in cooperation with Forest Department, Government of Tamil Nadu and participation of

local mangrove user-communities

Western Cape province State of Biodiversity 2007 MSSRF webpage: http://www.mssrf.org/tsunami/tsunami_mangroves.htm

Article in CEPF website: http://www.cepf.net/xp/cepf/news/newsletter/2003/december_feature.xmlScientific paper

Project leaflet Article published in Courrier International

Landlowner negotiation workshop report MSSRF2007-2008 annual report

Leaflet on landowners options

Related project: Management of Natural Resources in the Coastal Zone of Soc Trang Province

Contact : Cape Nature ConservationStewardship Programme Manager:

Chris Martens: (028) 314 0185or chriscip@maxitec.co.za or Caoe Nature Scientific

Service sgildenhuys@capenature.co.za

M S Swaminathan Research Foundation 3rd Cross Street, Institutional Area, Taramani Chennai - 600113, India

Ph: +91-44-22542698, 22541229 Fax: +91-44-22541319 hmrc@mssrf.res

or directly: Dr Gnanam - gnanam@mssrf.res.in

Awards: Pr. MS Swaminathan has been awarded with 1999. UNESCO Gandhi Gold Medal, The Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence – Lifetime Achievement (2002), and many others. Its foundation won the Young National Women Bioscientist Award for the year 2001 (Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India).

Future developments: An Integrated Mangrove-Fishery Farming System is being developed. Culture of the commercially important fish Lates calcarifer (sea bass) was attempted in the farm. 500 fingerlings of 8 cm length were purchased in December 2007 and acclimatised in the farm itself. At the end of January 2008 nearly 85 % of the fingerlings survived and reached a length of 13 cm. They were released into the farm in February 2008 and the survival and growth performance of the released fingerlings are being monitored.

List of IndicatorsTrends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems, and habitatsTrends in abundance and distribution of selected speciesChange in status of threatened speciesTrends in genetic diversity of domesticated animals, cultivated plants, and fish species of major socio-economic importanceCoverage of protected areasMarine Trophic IndexConnectivity - fragmentation of ecosystemsHealth and well being of communities who directly depend on local ecosystem goods and servicesBiodiversity for food and medicineWater quality of aquatic ecosystemsNitrogen depositionTrends in invasive alien speciesArea of forest, agricultural, aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable managementProportion of products derived from sustainable sourcesEcological footprint and related conceptsStatus and trends of linguistic diversity and numbers of speakers of indigenous languagesIndicator of access and benefit sharing (to be developed)Official development assistance provided in support of the Convention

Quality of Project

Impact

Partnerships

Sustainability

Innovation and Transferability

Evaluates the actual impact on the reduction of biodiversity loss through conservation or sustainable use and/or achievements in terms of the equitable

sharing of the benefits of genetic resources

Evaluates if projects have adopted the partnership approach by linking activities with non-governmental organizations, community-based organizations (e.g.

indigenous), the private sector, governments, research and/or academic institutions and public or

private foundations.

Evaluates if projects can demonstrate that they operate sustainably over at least two years and that

changes in local socio-economic conditions last thereby having positive impacts on biodiversity.

Projects demonstrating new and adaptable approaches that overcome prevailing constraints and

offer knowledge, experience and lessons to other communities and can be replicated there.

Leadership, Community Empowerment and Gender Equality

Projects that have demonstrated leadership which has inspired action and change; including policy

and/or institutional change, the empowerment of local people and community management of protected

areas. The promotion of gender equality is an additional benefit.

Communicability

Process of Evaulation: Give each criteria a number from 1 to 5

Additional social/developmental benefits

Projects that bring benefits to local communities by improving their income, living conditions, health

standards, etc.

Evaluates how well a project is to be communicated due to a very special approach, a special animal, very

easy, simple to understand problem with simple solutions, etc.

Write a short summary highlighting the most important good, but also bad points of the project;

e.g. what is missing.

Don’t give a number to a category if this category is not covered - mention that this category isnt

covered in your summary.

Quality of information material

Layout and Writing Style

Validation of results/Monitoring

Evaluates the quality of the presentation of the project and if the writing style is easily understandable (or maybe difficult to understand because it is an in-depth scientific paper).

Media Coverage and Documentation

Evaluates if the project is documented well - if there is just a project report or a lot of additional information, due to the fact that the project was covered by different media; preferably different types of media (newspaper, videos, internet).

Evaluates if the documentation proofs the claimed results of the project.

CODE NAMEaf Afghanistanal Albaniadz Algeriaad Andorraao Angolaag Antigua and Barbudaar Argentina xam Armeniaau Australiaat Austriaaz Azerbaijanbs Bahamasbh Bahrain xbd Bangladeshbb Barbadosby Belarusbe Belgiumbz Belizebj Beninbt Bhutanbo Boliviaba Bosnia and Herzegovinabw Botswana xbr Brazil xxbn Brunei Darussalambg Bulgariabf Burkina Faso xbi Burundikh Cambodiacm Cameroon xca Canadacv Cape Verdecf Central African Republictd Chadcl Chile xcn China xco Colombiakm Comoroscg Congo xxck Cook Islandscr Costa Rica xci Côte d'Ivoirehr Croatiacu Cuba xcy Cypruscz Czech Republickp Democratic People's Republic of Koreacd Democratic Republic of the Congodk Denmarkdj Djiboutidm Dominicado Dominican Republicec Ecuador

eg Egyptsv El Salvadorgq Equatorial Guineaer Eritreaee Estoniaet Ethiopiaeur European Communityfj Fijifi Finlandfr Francega Gabongm Gambiage Georgiade Germany xgh Ghanagr Greecegd Grenadagt Guatemalagn Guineagw Guinea-Bissaugy Guyanaht Haitiva Holy Seehn Hondurashu Hungaryis Icelandin Indiaid Indonesia xxir Iran (Islamic Republic of) xiq Iraqie Irelandil Israelit Italyjm Jamaicajp Japanjo Jordankz Kazakhstanke Kenya xxxki Kiribatikw Kuwaitkg Kyrgyzstanla Lao People's Democratic Republiclv Latvialb Lebanonls Lesotholr Liberialy Libyan Arab Jamahiriyali Liechtensteinlt Lithuanialu Luxembourgmg Madagascar xmw Malawimy Malaysia xmv Maldives

ml Malimt Maltamh Marshall Islandsmr Mauritania xmu Mauritiusmx Mexico xfm Micronesia (Federated States of)mc Monacomn Mongoliame Montenegroma Moroccomz Mozambiquemm Myanmarna Namibia xxnr Naurunp Nepalnl Netherlandsnz New Zealandni Nicaraguane Nigerng Nigeria xnu Niueno Norwayom Omanpk Pakistanpw Palaupa Panama xpg Papua New Guineapy Paraguaype Peru xph Philippines xxpl Polandpt Portugalqa Qatarkr Republic of Koreamd Republic of Moldovaro Romaniaru Russian Federationrw Rwanda xkn Saint Kitts and Nevislc Saint Luciavc Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesws Samoasm San Marinost Sao Tome and Principesa Saudi Arabiasn Senegal xcs Serbiasc Seychellessl Sierra Leonesg Singaporesk Slovakiasi Sloveniasb Solomon Islands

so Somaliaza South Africa xxes Spain Conservation projectlk Sri Lanka Integrated conservation and development projectsd Sudan Sustainable resource management projectsr Suriname x Community-based resource management projectsz Swaziland Sustainable businessse Sweden PES schemech Switzerland Research projectsy Syrian Arab Republic Technology transformation approachtj Tajikistan Restoration projectth Thailand Negative case-studymk The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Law enforcement projecttl Timor-Lestetg Togoto Tongatt Trinidad and Tobago x Response to future trendtn Tunisiatr Turkeytm Turkmenistan “innovative initiative” tv Tuvaluug Ugandaua Ukraineae United Arab Emiratesgb United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelandtz United Republic of Tanzaniaus United States of America xuy Uruguay xuz Uzbekistanvu Vanuatuve Venezuela xvn Viet Nam xxye Yemenzm Zambia x

zw Zimbabwe x

Integrated conservation and development projectSustainable resource management projectCommunity-based resource management project

Technology transformation approach

Law enforcement project

Response to future trend

Elephant pepper - Chili as a Tool for

Conservation and Develop

ment

Habitats and

Handbags -

“Sustainable

conservation and

community

development of Phu My

Lepironia grasslan

d”

Tawaya - Murmuru

butter and

soaps

Artminers -

Cutting Release

of Mercury

by applying

new technolo

gy CLEANG

OLD

The Duck Ranger -

Rice- Duck

Systems

Saving the

Albatross

Protecting the

Environment:

Profiting from

Garbage

Banking on oil -

Credit for Safe

Collection of Used

Oil

The grey partridge conserva

tion project

Reduction of

Environmental

Impact from

Tropical Shrimp

Trawling, through

the introduction of By-

catchReductio

n Technologies and Change

of Managem

ent

Predator Conserva

tion

Removal of the Elwha

and Glines Dams

Lake Dianchi

Freshwater

Biodiversity

Restoration

Project

Environmental Soap Opera for Rural Vietnam

Komodo National

Park Conserva

tion - Dragon

Conservation??

Campi Ya Kanzi

Malua Wildlife Habitat

Conservation Bank

Involving Indigeno

us People in

Forest Managem

ent CO2OLUSA/

FUTURO FOREST

ALNATIVE

SPECIES REFORESTATION

IN PANAMA

Interesting references for project databases

General resources

LIFE Environment Database

World Banks Development Marketplace

Database of the Climate, Community and Biodiversity Alliance

International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)

Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund Database (CEPF)

UNDP and GEF Publication published in May 2008: Biodiversity: Delivering Results has 20 very good case studies on mainstreaming biodiversity and on protected areas

Wildlife Conservation Network

RARE Conservation database

International Council for Local Environment Initiatives (ICLEI)

DOC-File with Abstracts for Scientif Papers on Conservation Projects_sent by Danush

Fauna and Flora International - Conserving Threatened Species and Ecosystems Worldwide

Darwin Initiative - project database

International Development Research Center (IDRC)

Friends of the Earth - Success stories

Fonds francais pour l'environnement mondial (FFEM)

Business and biodiversity

The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business

Anglogold Ashanti: Mining operations serve to protect endangered species in Brazil: this project sounds promising but it needs verification, so far we have not contacted them

Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)

Biotrade

Media

HandsonTV : the Earth Report from TVE.org

Business and biodiversity

World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)

Business and Biodiversity Resource Center

Specific biomes

Case studies on marine conservation which would need further research:

Biotrade Initiative

Report “Trade and sustainable land management in drylands”, International Center on Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD), August 2007

Report “Biotrade in the Andean sub-region – Development Opportunities” by UNCATD Biotrade Initiative

Economics, incentives

and biodiversity

Watershed Markets

The Katoomba group's Ecosystem Marketplace

Mongabay

TierrAmerica

ENN Environmental News Network

Journal of Conservation Biology

New Scientist

JED Journal of Environment and Development

Science Daily

IRIN News

Ecology and Society

Description

Projects are evaluated and rated (gold-silver-bronze)

Contains links to projects organized by topics

Links towards 11 good mammals' conservation programs

8 very good success stories

Project database by countries

8 success stories and a link to other case studies

Project database by countries

LIFE is the EU’s financial instrument supporting environmental and nature conservation projects throughout the EU, as well as in some candidate, acceding and neighbouring countries. They have a project database with web summaries, and a selection of "LIFE Best projects".

See the link to Local Action for Biodiversity (LAB) : 20 best approaches to urban biodiversity conservation

Case studies listed by sector

Check the different projects

This report contains good case studies

Very good case studies in the Andean region

On this site you can view and and download a number of case studies from affected regions, and a detailed analysis of the results of those studies.