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TRANSCRIPT
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Geothermal Energy Pile
Monday, 09 April 2018 1
Dr Rao Martand SinghAsst Prof (Geotechnical Engineering)
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
University of Surrey
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Monday, 09 April 2018 2
University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Presentation overview
• Why
• What
• How
• Geothermal Energy Pile: Thermo-Mechanical study
• Outcome
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Why• 73% energy is being used for
heating/cooling and hot water
• Every house is responsible for 20,000 kg (20 tonnes) of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) per year
• Conventional heating/cooling system efficiency 50% to 80%
• Carbon tax, energy is getting more expensive
• Reduce energy use and GHG emission save the world
Average home energy use
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What is ground energy
• Ancient concept: caves, underground houses, wine cellar
• Ground has stable temperature throughout the year and it is equal to the average annual temperature
• Ground is warmer than air in winter and cooler than air in summer
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Confusion with terminology
• Types of geothermal energy– Deep
– Shallow
• Deep geothermal energy– available at few kms
– comes from hot rock due to radioactivity
– used for electricity generation
• Shallow geothermal energy – under our feet
– solar radiation
– heating/cooling the buildings
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How does it work?• What do we need?
– Ground
– Heat exchanging loop
– Heat Pump
• What is heat exchanging loop?– Plastic pipe (HDPE)
– Fluid (water or water + glycol)
• Horizontal loop– Lot of space available
– Trenches
– Horizontal bore holes
• Vertical loop– Limited space
– Vertical Bore hole
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How does it work?
• Open loop– Pond, lake, river
– Water table is high and stable
– Low installation cost
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Heat pump
Image source: Geoexchange
Heating cycle
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Heat pump
Image source: Geoexchange
Cooling cycle
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What is a Geothermal Energy Pile?
• What is a Pile?
• Deep foundation
• Soft ground
• High-rise buildings
• Skin friction and end bearing
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What is a Geothermal Energy Pile?
• Vertical loop
• Cost effective
• Land
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Challenges
• What will happen if heat is transferred in and out of the pile foundation:
– Pile load capacity (friction)
– Surrounding soil bearing capacity
– Heat transfer and storage in pile and surrounding soils
– Pile expansion, contraction, stress and strain
– Soil deformation, consolidation
– Does the concrete crack?
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Project at Monash• Laboratory study
– Thermal conductivity
– Specific heat capacity
– Thermo-mechanical properties> Thermo-consolidation
> Thermo-triaxial shear strength
> Thermo-elastoplastic theory
– Lab-scale model pile test
• Field study
– Thermo-Mechanical testing of a fully instrumented Geothermal Energy Pile
• Cost-benefit analysis
• Numerical study – Thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) study
For selected Victorian soils and concrete
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How to do pile mechanical testing?Pile static load testing
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Pile static load testing
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Pile dynamic load testing
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Field testing at Monash
• Static load test using Osterberg cell
• Thermal loading via heat pump
• Fully instrumented bore pile– Vibrating wire strain gages
> Vertical and radial strain
> Temperature
– LVDT
> Pile displacement
– Thermocouples
> Temperature in soil
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Site for field test
• Monash University, Clayton
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Pile installation
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Monday, 09 April 2018 21
Pile installation
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Schematic of field pile
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Thermo-Mechanical testing
• Short term thermal loading
– Heated (2.4 KW) for 9 days
– Cooled for 45 days
• Long term thermal loading
– Heated (2.4 KW) for 52 days
– Cooled for 78 days
• Pile tested using O-cells before and after each heating and cooling cycle to investigate the effect of heating/cooling on pile load capacity.
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Result
• Pile load capacity does not get affected by heating/cooling of energy pile
• Instead pile load capacity increased after heating
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Lo
ad (
kN
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Gro
ss
Total Displacement (mm)
Pile load capacity Pre-Heat load Post-Heat load (9 days) Post-Cool load (45 days)Post-Heat load (52 days) Post-Cool Load (78 days) Maximum O-Cell load
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Case studies• Geoscience Australia Building in Canberra
– First building in Australia
– 352 vertical bores, 100 m deep
– Saving of £80,000 a year
• Kingsmill Hospital, Mansfield, UK
– Open loop lake system
– 10.5 MW system, largest in Europe which required peak heating and cooling capacity of 5000 kW each
– Save 9600 MWh of gas and electricity a year
– Prevent 1,700 tonnes of CO2 entering into atmosphere which is equivalent to removing 600 cars off the road
– Saving of £120,000 a year
• Lambeth College, London, UK
– 141 Energy piles
– 426 kW cooling and 268 kW heating, 4 reversible heat pumps
– Prevent 253 tonnes of CO2 entering into atmosphere annually which is equivalent to removing 80 cars off the road
– Saving of £35,000 a year
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Summary
• It is the most energy efficient, environmental friendly and cost effective way of heating or cooling a building (International Energy Agency)
• It is renewable, sustainable and reduces green house gas (GHG) emission
• 300% to 600% efficient
• One system for both heating and cooling and hot water supply
• Swimming pool can be heated as well.
• No maintenance, small space required for heat pump
• No noise
• Ground source systems are saving the equivalent of 13 million barrels of oil a year
• An average home fitted with ground source system reduces CO2
emissions by the same amount as planting an acre of trees
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ObrigadoThanks for listening
Dr Rao Martand SinghAsst Prof (Geotechnical Engineering)Department of Civil & Environmental EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildford, Surrey, GU2 7XHUKEmail: [email protected]