xhtml and style. history of the internet internet has been around since the early 1960’s as part...

xHTML and Style

History of the Internet

• Internet has been around since the early 1960’s as part of a program with universities and the US government

• Mosaic, the first graphic based browser, was developed in 1993.

• Traffic on the Internet expands at a 341,634% annual growth rate.

HTML vs xHTML

• HTML is a subset of XML

• XML has exact standards for structuring documents and presentations

• HTML broke all the standards over the years and xHTML is a means of moving HTML back into XML standards

HTML vs xHTML

• Having standards allows xHTML to be more universal in its application

• xHTML allows for “web pages” to be viewed on a growing number of platforms and devices including PDA’s and cell phones.

HTML vs xHTML

• xHTML allows you to separate the data from the presentation layer.

• The presentation layer ensures that the communications passing through are in the appropriate form for the recipient

• You no longer have a “flat document”

HTML vs xHTML

xHTML Fundamentals

• Markup Language

• Elements are xHTML instructions

• Attributes specify parameters

• Styles specify formatting

xHTML document structure

• xHTML tags need to be nested in order and tags properly closed

<html>

<head>[information about the document]</head>

<body>

[data to appear on browser page]

</body>

</html>

xHTML Basics

• Tags begin with opening brackets < > and are closed with closing brackets </ >

• There are exceptions, e.g. The “break tag” - <br /> - open & close in one tag.

• Creating an xHTML document is about planning for scalability

• Spelling and typo’s count

xHTML Basics

• Get in the habit of typing in lower case

• Do not use spaces in file names

• Use underscores _ or dashes – in file names

• Number files, documents, etc using 01, 02, 03,… instead of 1, 2, 3, …

Proper numbering allows you to view files in order

Correct Miss a number Disorder

Creating Web Pages HTML/XHTML Intro

File structure:

Learning more about XHTML

• xHTML will fully replace HTML

• New standards will mean more will be done with Cascading Style Sheets in terms of presentation and design

• Through the use of CSS and XML will make HTML obsolete.

Colour on the Web

• Image file formats– JPG (joint photographic group)– GIF (graphic interlace file)– PNG (portable network graphic)

• RGB and Hex

• 216 ‘Web-safe’ colors

Cascading style sheets - CSS

• A “language” separate from xHTML• CSS controls the style of xHTML

elements.• Classes of xHTML elements can be

created.• Basic xHTML code can be maintained• CSS can be managed separately from

the xHTML documents

CSS and xHTML

• Separate CSS allows you to use xHTML tags for the purpose they are designed.

• Its more about what the tags mean instead of what the effect.

• Use tags for the intended original purpose – providing structure.

Summary

• HTML is a language to create or render web documents.

• HTML is superceded by XHTML• HTML will be phased out over the next few years• HTML tags provide structure for information in a web

page.


Users limited view:

http://info.med.yale.edu/caim/manual/interface/navigation.html









Site Structure:










Site Structure: Poor layout










Site Structure: too shallow










Site Structure: too deep



Site Structure: balanced



Site Structure: sequence



Site Structure: hierarchy



Site Structure: grid



Site Structure: web


xhtml and style. history of the internet internet has been around since the early 1960’s as part...

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