x-ray, sonograms, and mri technology nicole chiarella cit-1
TRANSCRIPT
X-Ray, Sonograms, and MRI Technology
Nicole Chiarella
CIT-1
X-Rays• A relatively high-energy
photon having a wavelength in the approximate range from 0.01 to 10 nanometers.
• A stream of such photons, used for their penetrating power in radiography, radiology, radiotherapy, and scientific research. Often used in the plural. Also called roentgen ray.
Sonograms
• The picture formed by the pattern of echoes from an ultra sound.
• Is the readily usable graph of the frequency bands (formants) produced by the sound spectrograph.
MRI
• The abbreviated term for magnetic resonance imaging. MRI uses a large circular magnet and radio waves to generate signals from atoms in the body. These signals are used to construct images of internal structures.
Pros and Cons of X-Rays
• Pros:• They let doctors peer inside a
patient without any surgery. • It's much easier and safer to
look at a broken bone using X-rays
• Cons:• The doctors and patients
started developing radiation sickness.
• X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation
• An X-ray hits an atom, it can knock electrons off the atom to create an ion, an electrically-charged atom.
• An ion's electrical charge can lead to unnatural chemical reactions inside cells.
X-Ray Radiation
Pros and Cons of Sonograms
• Pros:• Ultrasound examinations
are non-invasive • Ultrasound methods are
relatively inexpensive, quick and convenient
• No harmful effects have been detected
• Ultrasound is particularly suited to imaging soft tissues
• Cons:• The major disadvantage
is that the resolution of images is often limited.
• Ultrasound is reflected very strongly on passing from tissue to gas, or vice versa.
• Ultrasound also does not pass well through bone
Pros and Cons of MRIs
• Pros:• MRI provides information
that differs from other imaging modalities
• MR image acquisition does not use ionizing radiation.
• Patient acceptability is high.
• Cons:• The small bore of the
magnet, some patients experience claustrophobia.
• Patient throughput is slow compared with other imaging modalities.
• MRI units require careful sitting and shielding.
X-Ray Availability
X-Rays can be taken at a local hospital or at some pediatricians offices.
Sonogram Availability
• You can get a ultrasound of your stomach done when you are pregnant and would like to see how far along you are with your child.
• This can get done at a hospital or your baby doctor.
MRI Availability
• You must schedule an appointment to get an MRI.
• There are now stand up MRIs rather than laying down.
• They try and make it more enjoyable when getting an MRI by playing music or soothing sounds.
The Technology
• “It is commonly accepted that advances in technology have been one of the most important drivers of health care spending growth over the past several decades.
• We report on relationships between technology availability and spending at several levels, from spending on the particular technology in question to overall health care spending.”
MRIs
X-Ray Machine
Sonogram Machine
Resources
• http://dir.nhlbi.nih.gov/labs/lce/cmri/mri-advantages-limitation.asp
• http://www.drgdiaz.com/qanda.shtml
• http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/full/hlthaff.w3.537v1/DC2