x-ray measurement methods from chapter 6 of textbook 2 and other references
DESCRIPTION
X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references. http://www.stanford.edu/group/glam/xlab/MatSci162_172/LectureNotes/06_Geometry,%20Detectors.pdf. Diffractometer Hull/Debye- Scherrer method Pinhole method Laue Method Rotating Crystal Method. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
X-Ray Measurement MethodsFrom Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references
DiffractometerHull/Debye-Scherrer method
Pinhole methodLaue Method
Rotating Crystal Method
http://www.stanford.edu/group/glam/xlab/MatSci162_172/LectureNotes/06_Geometry,%20Detectors.pdf
![Page 2: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
S: source; C: specimen; H: goniometer; O: rotation axis;A, B: slits for collimation; F: slit; G: detector;E and H can be mechanically; coupled 2 and relation;
Schematics of a typical X-ray diffractometer:
![Page 3: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
)2/cos( R
focusing monochromator
CM = 2R, OC = R Cut off the crystal behind the dotted line to a radius R
![Page 4: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
http://cheiron2008.spring8.or.jp/lec_text/Sep.30/2008_T.Matsushita_1.pdf
![Page 5: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
http://cheiron2008.spring8.or.jp/lec_text/Sep.30/2008_T.Matsushita_1.pdf
![Page 6: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
X-ray Optics:
Bragg-Brentano diffractometers
According to Euclid: “the angles in the same segment of a circle are equal to one another” and “the angle at the center of a circle is double that of the angle at the circumference on the same base, that is, on the same arc”.
![Page 12: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Modern Bragg-Brentano laboratory diffractometer
![Page 13: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Parallel beam geometry in Debye-Scherrer mode using a double monochromator (DM) and an analyzer crystal
![Page 14: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Polycrystal
Single crystal
![Page 15: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
An ideal powder sample many crystallites in random orientations; smooth and constant distribution of orientations; Crystallites < 10 μm
Sample preparation: There are many methods of preparing samples: – Sample should normally be ground to < 10 μm – Sample may be sieved to avoid large or small crystallites – Sample may be loaded into a holder by pressing from the back while using a slightly rough surface at the front – Sample may be pressed in from the front – Sample may be mixed with a binder (epoxy or similar material) and then cut and polished to give a suitable surface
![Page 16: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hull/Debye-Scherrer method:
R
S
S
22
2=S/RFilm
Film
![Page 17: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Filmhole
Film
hole
22 22
S
S
2S
S
S2
SR 24
R
)(2)42( SRR
![Page 18: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Filmhole
222
S
2R
SR 24 WR W
S
2
22 RSRSdd
d tan
sin2
and
ddRRS /tan22 S
R
d
d
tan2 Resolving
power
![Page 19: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
http://www.stanford.edu/group/glam/xlab/MatSci162_172/LectureNotes/06_Geometry,%20Detectors.pdf
![Page 20: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
B S
r1
F2q
A
Br2
F
180o-2q
D D
tan2q = r1/D tan(180o-2 )q = r2/D
C C AIncidentX-Ray
Pinhole photographs
monochromatic or white radiation and powder sampleLaue methode: white radiation and single crystal
![Page 21: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
http://202.141.40.218/wiki/index.php/Unit-2:_Introduction_to_X-ray_diffraction
Rotating Crystal Method
![Page 22: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Concept of Ewald Sphereand Diffraction
![Page 24: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Wavelength: incident beam = diffracted beamMagnitude of k the same = 1/.
Diffraction condition: k = G
2B
2B k = G
k = G
![Page 25: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Diffraction Methods:
Method Laue Variable fixedRotating crystal Fixed Variable Powder Fixed Variable
vaied reciprocal lattice isrotated or Ewaldsphere is rotated
![Page 27: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Reciprocal lattice of polycrystalline sample
![Page 28: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Features of Rigaku TTRAXⅢ
![Page 29: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: X-Ray Measurement Methods From Chapter 6 of Textbook 2 and other references](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568146eb550346895db424ee/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)