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Featured Research from universities, journals, and other organizations
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September 4, 2014
University of Leicester
New insights into day-length measurement in flies have been uncoveredby researchers. The study has corroborated previous observations thatflies developed under short days become significantly more cold-resistant compared with flies raised in long-days, suggesting that thisresponse can be used to study seasonal photoperiodic timing.Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the lengthof day or night, occurring in both plants and animals.
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Time flies: Breakthrough study identifies genetic link betweencircadian clock and seasonal timing
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Credit: © tomaspic / Fotolia [Click to enlarge image]
R
Sunrise. Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length ofday or night, occurring in both plants and animals.
esearchers from the University of Leicester have for the first timeprovided experimental evidence for a genetic link between two majortiming mechanisms, the circadian clock and the seasonal timer.
New research from the Tauber laboratory at theUniversity of Leicester, which will be published in theacademic journal PLOS Genetics on 4 September,has corroborated previous observations that fliesdeveloped under short days become significantlymore cold-resistant compared with flies raised inlong-days, suggesting that this response can be usedto study seasonal photoperiodic timing.
Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction oforganisms to the length of day or night, occurring inboth plants and animals.
Dr Mirko Pegoraro, a member of the team, explained:"The ability to tell the difference between a long andshort day is essential for accurate seasonal timing,as the photoperiod changes regularly and predictably
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along the year."
The difference in cold response can be easily seen using the chill-coma recoveryassay -- in which flies exposed to freezing temperatures enter a reversible narcosis.The recovery time from this narcosis reflects how cold-adaptive the flies are.
The team has demonstrated that this response is largely regulated by the photoperiod-- for example, flies exposed to short days (winter-like) during development exhibitshorter recovery times (more cold adapted) during the narcosis test.
Dr Eran Tauber from the University of Leicester's Department of Genetics explained:"Seasonal timing is a key process for survival for most organisms, especially inregions with a mild climate. In a broad range of species, from plants to mammals, theannual change in day-length is monitored by the so-called 'photoperiodic clock'.
"Many insects for example, including numerous agricultural pests, detect theshortening of the day during the autumn and switch to diapause -- a developmentalarrest -- which allows them to survive the winter.
"Despite intensive study of the photoperiodic clock for the last 80 years, however, theunderlying molecular mechanism is still largely unknown. This is in marked contrast toour understanding of the circadian clock that regulates daily rhythms."
The team has tested mutant strains in which the circadian clock is disrupted and hasfound that the photoperiodic clock was also disrupted, providing the first experimentalevidence for the role of the circadian clock in seasonal photoperiodic timing in flies.
The new research is based on an automated system, allowing the monitoring ofhundreds of flies, which paves the way for new insights into our understanding of the
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University of Leicester. "Time flies: Breakthrough study identifies genetic linkbetween circadian clock and seasonal timing." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 4September 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140904121145.htm>.
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hundreds of flies, which paves the way for new insights into our understanding of thegenes involved in the photoperiodic response and seasonal timing.
Professor Melanie Welham, Executive Director for Science, at the Biotechnology andBiological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), said: "This study shows aninteresting genetic link between the circadian clock and the seasonal timer. Theubiquity of these clocks across so many species makes this an important discoverywhich will lead to a better understanding of these essential processes."
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The above story is based on materials provided by University of Leicester. Note:Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. Mirko Pegoraro, Joao S. Gesto, Charalambos P. Kyriacou, Eran Tauber. Role forCircadian Clock Genes in Seasonal Timing: Testing the Bünning Hypothesis.PLOS Genetics, September 2014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004603
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