www.nampower.com.na "our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. our deepest fear is that...
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www.nampower.com.na
"Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure…”Nelson Mandela. South African Statesman , 1993 Nobel Prize for Peace, b.1918
NamPower’s perspectives on CCS
by
Mr. Danie. F. LouwNamPower Manager: Safety, Health, Environment
& Wellness
&Mr. Noddy HipangelwaMinistry Of Mines & Energy
Deputy DirectorJohannesburg, 1 June 2011
Introduction to the Power Industry in Namibia
Electricity network in Namibia
Climate Change in Namibia
NamPower carbon footprint
Carbon Capture and Storage in Namibia
Namibia & CCs
Namibia’s Geology
The way forward
Conclusion
Discussion Points
The power industry in Namibia is one of the smallest in Southern Africa
with a peak demand of 520 MW during 2010.
Generation, three power stations with the largest the Ruacana
hydropower Station.
There are number of role players in the Electricity industry, but
NamPower is at present amongst the largest been licensed to generate
electricity.
Demand is expected to increase over the next ten years due to the
development of Uranium mines on the western Coast of the country.
Introduction to the Power Industry in Namibia
Power Generation in Namibia
Electricity Network
Investigations for new electricity generation capacity in the country are
underway, and include assessments for:
A Coal-Fired Power Station of up to 400 MW,
50 MW Diesel,
800 MW Natural Gas,
80 MW Wind,
Up to 600 MW from Hydro, and a Nuclear Power Station.
Namibia does not offer easily exploitable fossil fuel reserves, apart from its
natural gas resources at the Kudu gas field.
Future Generation
ESI Supply Value Chain
Electricity generationElectricity generation Transmission Transmission lines lines
(400/220/66 KV)
Distribution linesDistribution lines66/33/ kV66/33/ kV
ResidentialResidential
Reticulation HV lineReticulation HV line(11 /0,4 kV)(11 /0,4 kV)
ReticulationReticulationLV lineLV line
(380/220V)(380/220V)
Distribution substationDistribution substation
Transmission substationTransmission substation
Power Stations & PPAPower Stations & PPA
Industry, mining & large customers
Commercial/small industry/farming/small munics
NamPower
REDs & Local Authorities
Introduction to the Power Industry in Namibia
Major Projects:
Hwange Rehabilitation: 2009 (completed)
Caprivi Link: (350HVDC) 2010 (completed)
Anixas: 2011
Ruacana 4th Unit: 2012
IPP (Wind/ slop) : 2012
Orange River Hydro's: 2013
Kudu / Walvis Bay Coal: 2014
Baynes: 2017/18
ZIZABONA: 2013
Introduction to the Power Industry in Namibia
Carbon Footprint (2008):
Neither Paratus Power Station (diesel) or Van Eck Power Station (coal)
operates on a permanent basis
Power PlantEmission Factor (kg CO2 /
GWh)
Van Eck Power Station 1440
Paratus Power Station 819
Namibian Grid 720
Regional Baseline 985
Introduction to the Power Industry in Namibia
Namibia’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2000 were mainly from the
agriculture (6,700 Gg) and energy (2,200 Gg) sectors.
At the time, Namibia was a net carbon sink, sequestering a total carbon
dioxide (CO2) equivalent of some 1,400 Gg per annum.
Some major developments are underway, which would influence this status,
such as:
Harvesting of about 80,000 tonnes of biomass from invader bush species
per annum, to be used for wood gasification power plants, coal-fuel
replacement for cement production and export of wood pellets.
Commissioning of a cement factory towards the end of 2010 with an annual
coal consumption of 120,000 tonnes.
Namibia’s CO2 Emissions
To date, the only initiatives regarding CCS relate to desktop research
into carbon sequestration in soils using biochar.
No assessment of geological formations in Namibia, which can be
used to store CO2, have been undertaken yet, partially because there are
few significant and permanent point source emitters of CO2.
As a consequence, the understanding of CCS potentials in Namibia
remains limited, both at government institutions and the private
sector.
There is only a very limited understanding where geological
formations of relevance to CCS exist, and the associated regulatory
requirements remain undeveloped.
Namibia and CCS
Limited information on Namibia’s
geology beyond 800 m depth.
Main basins worth closer investigation
are the Owambo, Aranos Basins.
Aranos basin has known coal reserves,
but at 200 m to 300 m depth
Owambo Basin contains several
“mounds” with a capacity of 500 million
barrels each at depths of about 800 m.
Although 40% of the mounds are reservoir
rock, they have not been drilled yet.
Namibia’s Geology
Building of capacity in the mining sector through incorporating CCS
aspects in tertiary education.
Investigations on geological formations as part of mining exploration
activities should be expanded to consider CO2 storage.
A study to identify what information is available at present could be the
pre-cursor to producing high-level geological maps on suitable CO2
storage sites.
Greater cooperation with South Africa, Botswana and Mozambique CCS
initiatives are advisable, to facilitate the capacity building process in
Namibia.
The Way Forward for Namibia
Conclusion
1. The Namibian ESI is currently not big enough to warrant investment in
CCS research.
2. The capital investment will in all probability be to excessive to make it a
viable option without funding.
3. CFL Project: NamPower, MME and ECB
4. Research: Wind assessment: NamPower and Renewable Energy and
Energy Efficiency Institute: Luderitz
