WWII On the WWII On the HomefrontHomefront

Mobilization, Racial Tension, Mobilization, Racial Tension, and effectsand effects

Manpower and FinancingManpower and Financing

More than 15 million men and women by More than 15 million men and women by 19451945

Total cost? $330 billionTotal cost? $330 billion 60% borrowed through sale of bonds60% borrowed through sale of bonds 40% garnered through revenue-raising 40% garnered through revenue-raising

measuresmeasures– Graduated income tax, excise taxes, excess profit Graduated income tax, excise taxes, excess profit

taxestaxes National debt: $49 B (1941) to $260B (1945) National debt: $49 B (1941) to $260B (1945)

– See chart!See chart!

National Debt RisesNational Debt Rises

Supplies and MaterialsSupplies and Materials

War Production BoardWar Production Board Office of Economic Stabilization est. early Office of Economic Stabilization est. early

19431943 National War Labor BoardNational War Labor Board

– Smith-Connelly War Labor ActSmith-Connelly War Labor Act Office of Price AdministrationOffice of Price Administration

– RationingRationing Industrial ConversionIndustrial Conversion

– Henry Ford—Willow RunHenry Ford—Willow Run– Henry Kaiser– “Sir Launchalot”Henry Kaiser– “Sir Launchalot”

RationingRationing

Changes in American LifeChanges in American Life

Population shiftsPopulation shifts Impact on minoritiesImpact on minorities

– ““Just carve on my tombstone, here lies a black Just carve on my tombstone, here lies a black man killed fighting a yellow man for the man killed fighting a yellow man for the protection of a white man”protection of a white man”

– 1 million in armed forces (segregated)1 million in armed forces (segregated)– Charles Drew and blood plasmaCharles Drew and blood plasma– Movement to cities—Detroit Riot?Movement to cities—Detroit Riot?– A. Philip Randolph’s march—Executive Order A. Philip Randolph’s march—Executive Order

88028802– CORE, Double V Campaign!CORE, Double V Campaign!

Mexican AmericansMexican Americans

“zoot suit” riots Bracero Program

WomenWomen

19 million in workforce by 1945—19 million in workforce by 1945—many marriedmany married

““war brides”war brides” Enlistments: WACS, WAVES, WAF, Enlistments: WACS, WAVES, WAF,

WASPWASP

Garnering support for warGarnering support for war

Left largely to private sectorLeft largely to private sector Personal appeal and sacrificePersonal appeal and sacrifice War moviesWar movies Use of celebritiesUse of celebrities Executive Order 9066Executive Order 9066

Executive Order 9066Executive Order 9066

Location of Internment Location of Internment CampsCamps

The 442The 442ndnd Regiment and Regiment and ApologyApology

Entertainment and Entertainment and EscapismEscapism

SwingSwing HumorHumor PropagandaPropaganda

http://www.pbs.org/jazz/time/time_wwii.htm

The Letter, Jacob The Letter, Jacob Lawrence,1946Lawrence,1946

The Red Staircase, Ben The Red Staircase, Ben Shahn, 1946Shahn, 1946