No Slide Title

Underlying CAUSES of WWII

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, NationalismRise of Totalitarian GovernmentsBreathing roomFailure of the League of Nations/Collective SecurityHarsh Reparations of the Treaty of VersaillesBRAT ProvisionsFailure of the Policy of Appeasement?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCnEbQjaUvY#t=26 4

2Opening cartoon to analyze The Versailles Treaty

GermanyBlamed for warReparations- pay war debtsArmy- Stripped to 100,000Territory- lost land 5The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations

No control of major conflicts. No progress in disarmament. No effective military force.Trade sanctions imposed but not obligated to obey 6Failure of Collective SecuritySeveral attempts by U.S. to get countries to agree to disarmingWashington Disarmament Conference- Geneva Convention Treaties with JapanKellog-Briand Pact 1928 Makes war illegal as a tool of diplomacy No enforcement provisions7Five-Power Treaty (1922)A battleship ratio was achieved through this ratio: US Britain Japan France Italy 5 5 3 1.67 1.67Japan got a guarantee that the US and Britain would stop fortifying their Far East territories [including the Philippines].Loophole no restrictions on small warships

Japanese AggressionDemocracy in CrisisAfter World War I, Japan had established a parliamentary government and granted many citizens the right to vote.When economic conditions worsened during the 1930s, many Japanese became dissatisfied with multiparty democratic government.Rise of NationalismSeveral radical groups formed in response to the governments perceived weaknesses.Radicals demanded an end to Western-style institutions and a return to traditional ways.These radicals assassinated several business and political leaders, hoping to force the military to take over the government.Chapter 17, Section 39

Japanese Aggression: The Manchurian IncidentBy 1930, Japan lacked the land and raw materials to care for its growing population. Many Japanese saw the acquisition of neighboring Manchuria as a solution to these problems.In September 1931, a Japanese army stationed in Manchuria captured several cities. By February 1932, the army had seized all of Manchuria. This seizure came to be known as the Manchurian Incident.Japan set up Manchuria as a puppet state, or a supposedly independent country under the control of a powerful neighbor. After the Manchurian Incident, the military took a much stronger hand in governing Japan, especially in the area of foreign policy.10Japan Invades Manchuria 1931

111931 into Manchuria1937 into China and starts WWII in the Pacific1937, U.S. refuses trade with Japan until they withdraw from China..1940 invades IndochinaUS froze Japanese assets, refused to trade oil, gasoline and steel.

12TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSdictators Took the form of a god

Japans Manifest Destiny was to expand into China and the rest of Asia.

Empire of the Sun

Emperor Hirohito

13TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSdictators

1931/Japan, expansionist and military leader

Would threaten our island possessions and U.S. trade policy into China, Open Door Policy.

Hideki Tojo

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TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSTotalitarian dictators came to power during the 1920s and 1930s in Europe. Totalitarian dictators have total power.There are no freedoms in this type of society..Usually racist and discriminatory towards certain groupsOften have large militaries and must expand and conquer to gain approval from their people. COMMUNISM, FASCISM AND NAZISM ARE TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIPS!Adolph HitlerBenito MussoliniJoseph StalinEmperor Hirohitodictators15

TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSJoseph Stalin 1921/Soviet Union Communism

Spread Communism throughout the world dictators

Stalin maneuvered himself into becoming the leader of the Soviet Union.The Russian Revolution was led by the people to overthrow a monarch but when the new ruling class took over, there were no protections of peoples rights NO BILL OF RIGHTS16Stalins Soviet UnionStalins Economic PlansStalins state takeover of farmland resulted in a dramatic fall in agricultural production as well as mass starvation.Stalin poured money and labor into industrialization rather than basic necessities such as housing and clothing.Due to Stalins policies, the Soviet Union soon became a modern industrial power, although one with a low standard of living.Stalins Reign of TerrorTo eliminate opposition, Stalin began a series of purges, the removal of enemies and undesirable individuals from positions of power.Stalins purges extended to all levels of society. Millions were either executed or sent to forced labor camps.Many of those purged by Stalin were innocent. However, these purges successfully eliminated all threats to Stalins power.17

TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSdictatorsBenito Mussolini1922/Italy---FacismBelieve, Obey and FightRevive the Roman Empire

FACISM: BASED ON A SYMBOL OF AUTHORITY IN THE OLD ROMAN EMPIREa philosophy or system of government that advocates or exercises a dictatorship, state control of industry, racial superiority, supremacy of the leader, limits civil rights, together with an ideology of belligerent nationalism, militarism and expansion..

18Fascism in ItalyBenito Mussolini gained power in Italy both by advocating the popular idea of Italian conquest in East Africa and by terrorizing those who opposed him.Once appointed prime minister by the king, Mussolini, calling himself Il Duce, suspended elections, outlawed other political parties, and established a dictatorship.Mussolinis rule improved the ailing Italian economy. Under Mussolini, the Italian army successfully conquered the African nation of Ethiopia in May 1936.19The Rise of Adolph HilerBorn in AustriaFought in WWI and was bitter towards the Treaty of Versailles

20Discovers a small political party known as The National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI)Begins to work himself into the leadership positions of the Nazi partyNovember 1923- The "Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler and the Nazis try to overthrow the local government of Munich, Germany.

After the war his job in the army was to keep tabs on different political parties.Hitler already shows anti-Semitic views.The Rise of Adolph Hiler21

It fails and Hitler is arrested. He is convicted 1924 and serves 9 months out of a 5-year sentence.Hitler writes his book Mein Kampf or My StruggleAfter his release from prison he continued to work with the Nazi party to take over Germany.

The Rise of Adolph Hitler22"SA and SS, Heil! The great time has now begun. Germany is now awakened. We have won power in Germany. Now we must win over the German people. I know, my comrades, it must have been difficult at times, when you were desiring change which didn't come, so time and time again the appeal has to be made to continue the struggle - you mustn't act yourself, you must obey, you must give in, you must submit to this overwhelming need to obey."

The Rise of Adolph HilerJanuary 30, 1933- Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany23dictators The Nazis used a political policethe Gestapo the SS corpsPropaganda to gain total power. Anti-Nazi leaders were arrested.

Violated the privacy of postal and telephonic communications.Nazis did not need search warrants for house searches or for confiscating or restricting private property.NAZISM25FREEDOMS LOSTFREEDOMS LOSTFREEDOM OF SPEECHNAZIS CENSORED WHAT YOU COULD READ.DUE PROCESSCOULD BE ARRESTED WITHOUT PROBABLE CAUSENO TRIAL BY JURYNAZIS PRACTICED RACISM AND PERSECUTION TOWARDS THE JEWS. THEY WERE STRIPPED OF THEIR CIVIL RIGHTS...NO LONGER CITIZENS

26nuremberg

Hitler blames Jews and Communists for problems of GermanyLoss of WWIGerman Economic DepressionJews identified as a race not a religionAnti-SemitismA New Education BeginsSave purity of German race.Aryan Virtues----Nuremberg Laws

A Common Enemy27

Phase 1 1933-1939: Discrimination A Common Enemy : Re-EducationNuremburg LawsGerman Jews face deportationViolence Escalates----KristalnachtPhase 2 (1939-1945): relocation & death World War II begins vs. France/EnglandHolocaust Begins--- The Final SolutionGhettos and Forced Labor Camps mass executions of Jews and Eastern Europeans.death squadsGas Chamber

Two Phases of Hatred28

German Propaganda against the Jews."The Jew: The inciter of war, the pro-longer of war."

ANTI-SEMITISM29

ANTI-SEMITISMGerman children were taught in school that Jews were inferior.30

1. Marriages between Jews and citizens of German blood are forbidden.

2. Sexual relations outside marriage between Jews and German blood are forbidden.

3. Jews will not be permitted to employ female citizens of German blood as servants.

4. Jews are forbidden to display the Reich and national flag or the national colors.

nurembergNuremberg Laws 32

5. Jewish children and German were segregated.6. The right to citizenship is acquired by the granting of Reich citizenship papers.7. Only the citizen of the Reich enjoys full political rights in accordance of the laws.8. A citizen of the Reich is of German blood and who shows that he is both desirous and fit to serve the German people and Reich faithfully.

nurembergNuremberg Laws 33

The first organized night of Nazi violence against German JewsNov. 8 - 9, 1938Thousands arrested, including college professors, writers, doctors, etc.Jewish businesses, stores, homes and synagogues burned all through Germany and other German Occupied countriesNazi violence against German Jews led to thousands hurt and many deaths..

KRISTALNACHT34

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BETWEEN 1931 TO 1941, JAPAN CONTROLLED MOST OF ASIA AND WAS THREATENING U.S. ISLANDS AND OUR OPEN DOOR TRADE POLICY. FROM 1935 TO 1939, HITLER REMARMED GERMANY IN VIOLATION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES.GERMANY/ITALY CONQUERED MOST OF THE DEMOCRACIES IN EUROPE.US POLICY WAS STRICT NEUTRALITY BUT ULTIMATELY WOULD BE DRAWN INTO WWII.

democraciesU.S RESPONSE TO FASCIST AGGRESSION36

GERMAN EXPANSION

1935 to 1939, unopposed by the League of Nations.European democracies looked the other way- seen as reasonable until Czechslovakia Rhineland1936Austria1938

37MUNICH CONFERENCEHitler desires the SudetenlandPart of Germany before WWI. Treaty of Versailles created Czechoslovakia7,450,000 Czechs 3,200,000 Germans2,300,000 Slovaks 720,000 Magyars 560,000 Ruthenes 100,000 Poles

Munich Conference

38German demands for the Sudetenland are met = All I want, is a Germany for Germans

Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised a peace with honor peace in our time. Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement)Hitler got the Sudetenland.

MUNICH CONFERENCE

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Munich ConferenceFDR sent a letter to Hitler asking him to honor the Munich ConferenceLater in 1939, Hitler would invade and take the rest of Czechoslovakia.The United States learned from the Munich Conference that you cannot trust the words of a dictatorMUNICH CONFERENCE41WWII BeginsIn Sept. 1939 Germanys blitz in the invasion of Poland launches WWII in Europe.US adopted its traditional policy of neutrality.

Umbrella RoadWhat is the cartoonist trying to say here?What is meant by, we might as well try to appease him?How does the cartoonist justify his decision to appease Hitler?Notice the American countries. What is this symbolic of?

431. 1931---Japan invades Manchuria, WWII begins in Asia

2. 1935---Italy invades Ethiopia

3. 1936---Hitler invades the Rhineland

4. 1937 to 1939---Spanish Civil War

5. 1937---Japan invades China

6. 1938--Hitler takes SudetenlandUS and League of Nations demands Japan to get out---Stimson Doctrine

L/N demands Italy to get outNo US sell of weapons

L/N demands Germany to get out---US Neutrality and refuses to sell arms to Germany

US Neutrality----Spain becomes a fascist dictatorship

US neutral but demands Japan to withdraw and refuses to sell iron, steel and gasoline products

Munich Conference--Great Britain and France give into Hitler, AppeasementUS Neutral but FDR writes a letter to Hitler & Mussolini asking them to guarantee no more aggression.CHARTU.S RESPONSE TO FASCIST AGGRESSION447. 1938, Hitler takes Czechoslovakia

8. Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler invades Poland which begins WWII in Europe

9. 1940---Hitlers inasion of Norway, Denmark, Holland and Belgium

10. 1940---Hitler takes France

11. 1940---Japans invades Indochina

12. 1940---Hitler attacks Great BritianCannot trust the words of a dictator

Britain & France declare war on Germany on Sept. 1, 1939. US neutral, extends Cash and Carry Policy to Allies

US neutral--freezes German assets--begins military buildup

US neutral, begins peacetime draftSelective Service

US neutral but demands withdrawal and freezes Japanese money, Property and embargo of oil, iron and steel.

US neutral but extends Lend Lease policy to Great Britainlast Democratic NationBattle of Britian US becomes the arsenal of democracy

CHARTU.S RESPONSE TO FASCIST AGGRESSION4513. 1941---Hitlers invasion of Russia

14. 1941---Japan attacks Pearl HarborDec. 7, 1941---Day of Infamy

US neutral but extends Lend Lease to Russia...US & Great Britain draw up war goals in the Atlantic Charter

Neutrality is ended and US declares war on Japan, Germany and Italy declare war on US

CHARTU.S RESPONSE TO FASCIST AGGRESSION46