wwi part 1
TRANSCRIPT
1914-1914-1918:1918:
The The WorldWorldat Warat War
1914-1914-1918:1918:
The The WorldWorldat Warat War
Differing ViewpointsDiffering Viewpoints
“ “Family Feud”Family Feud”
“ “The War to End All Wars”The War to End All Wars”
“ “The War to ‘Make theThe War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’” World Safe for Democracy’”
CausesCausesof theof theWarWar
CausesCausesof theof theWarWar
MAIN-IM Militarism & military
planning Alliance System Imperialism Nationalism
Intellectual Context Mass Politics
Family Feud!
Most of the Monarchs of Europe were related by blood somehow.
Queen Victoria was Tsar Nicholas’s Aunt, Kaiser Wilhelm’s grandmother, and many others were related.
This led to complications with loyalties and alliances in strained diplomatic times.
1. Militarism & Arms Race1. Militarism & Arms Race
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,
Rus.] Rus.] in millions of £s.in millions of £s.
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany
73%
2. The Alliance System2. The Alliance System
Triple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::
Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
Face-off
The Major Players: 1914-17
The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]
Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]
Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers::
Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]
Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]
Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
Europe in 1914Europe in 1914
3. Imperial Rivalries3. Imperial Rivalries
4. Aggressive Nationalism4. Aggressive Nationalism
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
TheThe“Spark”“Spark”
that that beganbegan
EverythinEverythin
gg
TheThe“Spark”“Spark”
that that beganbegan
EverythinEverythin
gg
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
The Assassination: 1914 Sarajevo
The Assassination: 1914 Sarajevo
The Assassin: The Assassin:GavriloPrincip, Black Hand Serbian militant nationalist group
GavriloPrincip, Black Hand Serbian militant nationalist group
Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?
The Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen Plan
Schlieffen Plan-August 1914
The German War Plan To defeat France militarily through Belgium in less than
a month, and then turn attentions to Russia Germans sent 78 infantry divisions into France. Met by
72 French divisions Germans won initially./Then Russians came in and
distracted and separated the troops. British troops also came in against the Germans. The Battle of The Marne followed in September.
German Atrocities in Belgium
German Atrocities in Belgium
MobilizationMobilization
It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go;It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know!To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly,Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square,Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary,It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!But my heart's right there!
It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go;It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know!To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly,Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square,Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary,It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!But my heart's right there!
Home by Christmas!Home by Christmas! No major war No major war
in 50 years!in 50 years! Nationalism!Nationalism!
Home by Christmas!Home by Christmas! No major war No major war
in 50 years!in 50 years! Nationalism!Nationalism!
Recruitment PostersRecruitment Posters
A Young Australian Recruit
A Young Australian Recruit
Recruits of the Central PowersRecruits of the Central Powers
Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians
Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians
A German A German Soldier Says Soldier Says
Farewell to His Farewell to His MotherMother
A German A German Soldier Says Soldier Says
Farewell to His Farewell to His MotherMother
New French RecruitsNew French Recruits
A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
Soldiers Mobilized
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
France Germany Russia Britain
Mil
lio
ns
WomenWomenand and thetheWarWar
EffortEffort
WomenWomenand and thetheWarWar
EffortEffort
Financing the WarFinancing the War
For RecruitmentFor Recruitment
Munitions WorkersMunitions Workers
French Women Factory Workers
French Women Factory Workers
German Women Factory Workers
German Women Factory Workers
Working in the FieldsWorking in the Fields
A Woman Ambulance Driver
A Woman Ambulance Driver
Red Cross NursesRed Cross Nurses
Women in the Army Auxiliary
Women in the Army Auxiliary
Russian Women Soldiers
Russian Women Soldiers
SpiesSpies
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
German Spy!
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
German Spy!
Women in Action
Posters:Posters:
WartimeWartimePropaganPropagan
dada
Posters:Posters:
WartimeWartimePropaganPropagan
dada
Australian PosterAustralian Poster
American PosterAmerican Poster
Financing the WarFinancing the War
German PosterGerman Poster
Think of Your Children!Think of Your Children!
The The Western Western Front:Front:
A “War of A “War of
AttritionAttrition””
The The Western Western Front:Front:
A “War of A “War of
AttritionAttrition””
A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War
The Battle of the Marne Sept. 1914 The Schleiffen Plan
destroyed! The idea of defeating France in 6 weeks was crushed when the Germans were forced to retreat.
At the River Marne in France, trenches were dug along on both sides 300 miles and eventually caused a stalemate with years of trench warfare following.
The Taxi Brigade Paris taxis transport
6,000 French troops to the front for the Battle of the Marne.
Communications and transport not all up and running enough to transport soldiers to front line trenches.