Standard: SS6H6dExplain the impact of European empire building in Africa and Asia on the out break of World War I

Essential Question:

How did the existence of large European colonial empires in

Africa and Asia impact the outbreak of World War I?

(SS6H6d)

SS6H6dd. Explain the impact of European empire building in Africa and Asia on the outbreak

of World War I.• Africa in 1914• Nearly all areas of Africa

were controlled by European powers in 1914.

SS6H6dd. Explain the impact of European empire building in Africa and Asia on the outbreak

of World War I.Asia in 1914Large portions of Asia were also controlled by European powers directly or by influencing local leaders

List the causes that led up to World War I.

Causes of World War I(Take notes on graphic organizer)

• Militarism – building up armed forces, getting ready for war (The more one nation built up its army

and navy, the more other nations felt they had to do the same.) Alliances – agreements or promises to defend and

help another country (The danger of these alliances was that an argument between two countries could draw all the other nations into a fight.)

Imperialism – trying to build up an empire (powerful country that controls several less powerful countries)

• Nationalism – having pride in your country, willing to defend it

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

• There was fierce competition over land in Europe

• Naval expansion was also extremely competitive, particularly between Germany and Great Britain.

Armies and navies were greatly expanded. The standing armies of France and Germany doubled in size between 1870 and 1914.

European countries had joined European countries had joined alliancesalliances to to better better protect themselvesprotect themselves. If one member . If one member was attacked, the others were was attacked, the others were obligated to obligated to

help help that country.that country.

Distributed Summarizing

With a seat partner, discuss a time in your life when an alliance (with a friend, family member, or someone

else) has caused problems. (Be prepared to share)

Distributed Summarizing

Journal Entry: Allies are countries that have pledged to help one another in times of need. Name some of the people you would like to have as allies the next time you are in a difficult situation. Explain your choices. (Must be five sentences)

Nationalism• Pride in one’s country; nations sought their own

interests over others• In the 19th century, nationalism took the form of

people struggling for independence• Serbia was at the center of the nationalist

movement in an area of Europe known as the Balkans

• What happened in the Balkans was a spark that started the war.

• Serbia considered Austria-Hungary as an enemy because Serbs in Austria-Hungary wanted to unite with Serbia and create a larger Serbian state

The events that followed…

Because of the assasination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June of 1914 by a member of a

nationalistic secret Serbian society, the emperor of Austria-Hungary declared war of

Serbia.

The events that followed…

Russia sent troops to defend Serbia because Russia had a separate treaty with Serbia.

Russia supported Serbia because they were both of a similar ethnic backgrounds.

The events that followed…

Since Germany had a treaty with Austria-Hungary (the Triple Alliance),

Germany declared war on Russia.

The events that followed…

France had a treaty with Russia (the TripleEntente) so Germany declared war against France.

The events that followed…

Things changed during the warThe Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente turned

into these two WWI alliances.

The Triple Entente plus more formed the Allied Powers

The Triple Alliance plus more formed the Center Powers

Statistics from WWINation Total

Number of servicemen in the war.

Number of

deaths

Number of

soldierswounded

Number of men taken prisoner or reported missing

Austria 7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000Britain 8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652France 8,410,000 1,357,800 4,266,000 537,000Germany 11,000,000 17,737,000 4,216,058 1,152,800Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000Turkey 2,850,000 325,000 400,000 250,000

U.S. 4,355,000 126,000 234,300 4,500

Some of the Technological Advances from WWI

• Tank

• Aircraft

• Machine Gun

• Gas used as a weapon

• Flamethrower

Distributed Summarizing

Could World War I have been prevented? Why or why not? Would

we have had the technological advances without WWI?

STOP

Standard: SS6H7a

Describe major developments following World War I: the

Russian Revolution, the Treaty of Versailles, worldwide

depression, and the rise of Nazism

Russia: A Background

• Nicholas II – autocratic and ineffective• He ruled a country covering one-sixth of the

earth’s total land surface• He had massive personal wealth• He was backed by an army of 1 million and

secret police• Political parties banned – critics ended up in

prison or exile• Press was censored

Russia: A Background

• Many Russians worshipped the Tsar and peasants typically had a picture of the Tsar on a wall of their hut.

• His word was law• He appointed his ministers• But did not have to listen to them• AND could ‘hire and fire’ them at will• He was a true autocrat.

Russia was…

• Only 40% ethnic Russians• 80% were peasants – subsistence farmers • 60%+ = illiterate• Life expectancy = 40• Low tech and low investment• Land ownership rare• Land owned by the Commune• It also organized taxes and allotted strips

of land to each household

Distributed Summarizing

During the time described, Russia was like ____________ because _________________________.

Share your answer with a partner.

Russian Revolution• Russian revolution started in 1917 and

had two parts.• The first part was the February Revolution

in which the czar (Tsar, national ruler) was overthrown.

• People were unhappy about how the czar and his government were running the country. People were starving while the aristocracy was living in luxury.

• People were also upset about their participation in the war.

Russian Revolution• The Russian army was big but poorly equipped;

the army lost battles which lowered civilian and military morale

• The czar was seen as a poor military and political leader while his German wife (tsarina) was left in charge of the government and was influenced by a man many thought was crazy (Rasputin)

• There were not enough workers in the factories and farms which caused shortages of food and materials

• The railway system was weak; therefore, troops nor towns could get supplies

Russian Revolution• The second part of the Russian Revolution

was the October Revolution (Bolshevik Revolution)

• The October Revolution was led by Vladimir Lenin

• After two years of civil war, the communist forces gained control

• Russia became the communist country of the Soviet Union

• Communism continued in Russia until nearly the end of the century

Watch the United Streaming video clip: Russian Revolution

(Time - 9:31; the first few minutes link to previous video clips)

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/?blnPreviewOnly=1&guidAssetId=ac3fe43

d-f94f-494b-916e-c53c22ac7185

The Russian Revolution1904-1917 – A series of Crises

1905 – Russo-Japanese WarJapan wins some key islands

once owned by RussiaBloody Sunday (January 22, 1905)Peasants approach the Czar’s winter

palace in St. Petersburg with a petition asking for better work

conditions and food. Troops opened fire on the crowd of women and

children and as many as 1000 die.The Duma

a legislative body made by the Czar in response to national unrest – he

dissolved it weeks later. Others met, yet did nothing.

WWI – 1914-1917An unmitigated disaster for

Russia. Weak generals, poorly equipped troops (some sent

with no gun!) 4 million Russian soldiers die in the first year.

The war drained the government money reserves

and food shortages begin.

RasputinNicholas II goes to the front, his wife turns to a holy man/psychic

for help in running the government. Russians are

furious about this.

Czar Nicholas II is overthrown. He and his family are executed.

Distributed Summarizing

With a partner, discuss why the Russian Revolution occurred and

what happened to Russia because of the revolution. Write your answers

on the Major Developments in Europe After WWI sheet.

The War is Over!

Leaders come together to decide the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

The Treaty of Versailles(add requirements of the treaty to Major Developments sheet)

• The Treaty of Versailles officially ended WWI• It forced Germany to accept responsibility for

causing the war• It required Germany to pay reparations (payments)

to other countries for their losses and damage• It required Germany to give up 1 million square

miles of land (size of Alaska and Texas combined) much of which was rich in natural resources (Why does this matter?)

• It required Germany to limit its armed forces• The U.S. did not sign the Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of VersaillesIn 1919, this treaty put an official end to World War I. Since Germany

was the loser, they had to agree to its provisions:

Created the League of NationsThe purpose of the

organization was to arbitrate conflicts between nations before they lead to war.

Reparations

It required that Germany accept responsibility for the war and was thus obliged to pay large amounts of compensation to other

countries. Officially put at $33,000,000,000, a sum that many economists deemed to be excessive. The economic problems that the payments

brought are cited as one of the causes of the rise of dictator Adolf Hitler, and inevitably led to the outbreak World War II.

Restricted German armed forces

Loss of TerritoryLoss of German colonies

around the world, and loss of German territory to France, Denmark, and

Poland.

Listen to the National Public Radio story about Germany

making its last reparation payment in September 2010.

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130232809

The World After World War I

• What do you think the world was like after World War I?

• Explain the outcome of Germany and their economy after WWI.

Worldwide DepressionStock Market crash of 1929 – the financial affects were felt around the world.

Street scene on Black Thursday, Oct. 24, 1929, the day the New York stock market crashed and the day that many mark as the

beginning of the Great Depression.

After WWI and worldwide depression

• WWI affected the European economy because nations had war debt to repay

• Soldiers came home needing jobs, but there were not enough. Unemployment skyrocketed.

• In 1929, the stock market crash led to depression in the U.S. but also all over the world

• Countries experienced Inflation (a condition where prices rise and money loses value; therefore, you cannot buy as much as you used to with the same amount of money)

• Industry, shipping, and trade between countries were affected

• Around the world, unrest and nationalism grew, people wanted strong leadership to make their countries rich and powerful again

• However, the Great Depression weakened many countries when they needed to be strong. Why is this significant?

After WWI and worldwide depression

Image you are living in Germany after World War I. The world is in the middle of a depression. You do not have

enough food, you do not have a job, and you do not believe the leaders of your country can improve the

situation. On top of that, your country, the place where you were born and have lived all of your life is being

blamed and punished for World War I.

Now, watch a video clip of Hitler delivering a speech years later.

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=7205F2A8-797E-4971-AEF4-6604694FC04E&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Why do you think the German people followed Hitler?

Rise of Nazism• The democratic government in Germany after

World War I (Weimar Republic) faced major problems

• A political party called the Nazi Party attracted the attention of dissatisfied Germans

• The Nazi Party’s leader, Adolf Hitler, described ideas to strengthen Germany

• Hitler also believed that Aryans (Germans) were the “master race”; he had racist feelings about Jews, Slavs, gypsies, and blacks

• The Nazi Party believed in fascism (where a strong central government is controlled by the military and run by a dictator)

The Rise of Nazism After the defeat in the First World War, Germany becomes a democracy. Social

Democrats and Liberal parties form the new government. The enormous costs of the war

cause rampant inflation. Unemployment rises to over five million. Large parts of the population live in fear of falling back into

19th-century poverty. Nationalist parties and the newly founded National Socialist German

Workers Party (NSDAP) blame the democratic constitution, the parties

supporting the new republic and the unjust provisions of the peace treaty of Versailles

for the chaos.

But above all it is "the Jew" who is being blamed: The German worker is being ruined by "Jewish Capital" and threatened by "Jewish Bolshevism" that wants to turn him into a slave.

The Nazi party under the leadership of Adolf Hitler gains more votes in every election. It promises to "restore honor" to the Germans, to renew

political order and to bring back "work and bread."

Why Nazism grew• Nazis offered solutions for Germany’s

economic problems• Nazis appealed to German nationalism by

calling for a larger military and an increase in German territory (violation of Treaty of Versailles)

• Nazis united Germans against Jews by blaming them for the problems

• Nazis assured Germans they could protect them from enemies

• Nazis organized groups to threaten anyone who opposed them so few spoke out

Summarizing Strategy

Imagine that you are living in Europe during the 1900s, but you have other family members living on another continent. Write a post card to your relatives describing the events that you have witnessed from 1913 to 1933. Include World War I and its MAIN causes, the Russian Revolution, economic

depression, and the rise of Nazism.

STOP

SS6H7B•Explain the impact of WWII in terms of the Holocaust, the origins of the Cold War, and the rise of Superpowers.

Explain the impact of WWII in terms of the Holocaust, the origins of the Cold War, and the

rise of Superpowers.

Movie poster: The Eternal Jew

German Propaganda

The United States and the Soviet Union

Vie for power.

Holocaust

http://www.cdli.ca/CITE/ns_camps.htm The full story.

Hitler blamed Germany’s problems on the Jews. As Hitler's plan unfolded, mass arrests of Jews were ordered. Men, women and children of all ages were herded into town squares and railway yards in cities throughout Europe. Adults with a trade and in good physical health were taken to work camps where they were forced to work as slaves to supply the German army with food, clothing, weapons and ammunition.

Adults who were sick or too weak to work were taken to death camps where they were either hanged, shot or gassed to death by the thousands. Their bodies, stripped of clothing, jewelry and even the gold fillings in their teeth, were either dumped and buried in mass graves or cremated in large ovens and open pits.

Many school-aged children suffered the same fate as the sick and elderly. Some were spared the death camps, but their fate was just as horrible. They were used as subjects in all kinds of medical experiments. Some were given germs that caused diseases, and once sick, injected with experimental medicines to study how the human body would respond.

An estimated 12 million people died in the holocaust.

Origins of the Cold WarThe cold war began with mistrust between the Soviet Union and the western democracies especially the United States.

So why were these two super powers so distrustful of the other?

United States Soviet Union

Free Elections No Elections or fixed elections

Democratic Autocratic/Dictatorship

Capitalist Communist

Survival of the fittest

Everybody helps everyone else

Richest world power

Poor economic base

Personal freedom Society controlled by the secret police

Freedom of the media

Total censorship

* American fear of communist attack* Truman’s dislike of Stalin* Russia’s fear of the American's atomic bomb * Russia’s dislike of capitalism* Russia’s actions in the Soviet zone of Germany* America’s refusal to share nuclear secrets* Russia’s expansion west into Eastern Europe + broken election promises* Russia’s fear of American attack* Russia’s need for a secure western border* Russia’s aim of spreading world communism

Causes of the Cold War

To be a superpower, a nation needs to have a strong economy, an overpowering military, immense international political power and, a strong national ideology.

The Rise of Superpowers

1945

United StatesSoviet UnionBritish EmpireBritish Commonwealth

SS6H7C•Explain how the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Cold War and German reunification

Explain how the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Cold War and German reunification.

First, the Soviets underestimated the degree to which the non-Russian ethnic groups in the country (which was more than fifty percent of the total population) would resist assimilation into a Russianized State.

Second, their economic planning failed to meet the needs of the State, which was caught up in a vicious arms race with the United States (more spending on military needs than the peoples needs). This led to gradual economic decline, eventually necessitating the need for reform.

Finally, the ideology of Communism, which the Soviet Government worked to instill in the hearts and minds of its population, never took firm root, and eventually lost whatever influence it had originally carried.

Reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union

In December of 1991, as the world watched in amazement, the Soviet Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries.

German Reunification From 1945 until 1990,

Germany was divided into two countries: East Germany

and West Germany. East Germany had a Communist

government and West Germany was a democracy. The city of Berlin was also

divided. East Berlin became the capital of East Germany

and West Berlin was a part of West Germany.

Unification means making two or more parts as one.

The German reunification took place on October 3, 1990, when East Germany again became a part of the Federal Republic of Germany. The wall that divided

East and West Berlin, a symbol of the Iron Curtain that divided the country, came down. People were now free to travel all over Germany.

Review QuestionsWhat happened to Germany after World War II ?Germany was divided into two countries- East Germany (Communist) and West Germany (democracy). What symbol during the cold war divided Germany and was torn down after the cold war was over?Berlin WallWhat lead to the collapse of the Soviet Union?Poor economy, Lack of concern for citizen’s needs, resistance to communism

References• http://www.geocities.com/SouthBeach/Palms/2460/causes.html • http://www.cim.edu/download/dlEvRevRusOutline.pdf • http://encyclopedia.kids.net.au/page/tr/Treaty_of_Versailles • http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/mhi/00157ee

a.gif

• http://www.coldwar.org/articles/90s/fall_of_the_soviet_union.asp • http://www.studyworld.com/newsite/ReportEssay/History/General%5CRise_of_S

uperpowers_After_WWII-81.htm

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Superpower_map_1945.PNG • http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/what%20was%20the%20cold%20war.htm

Created by Debra Harrington – Yeager Middle School