Writing And Writing And Presenting Presenting ProposalsProposals

What Is A Research What Is A Research ProposalProposal

• the problem you propose to investigate is important and investigation into the matter need to be carried out

Content of Content of research research proposalproposal

• A cover page, with the subject heading, your name as the writer, the degree you are working for, and the name of the institution conferring it.

• A problem statement, i.e. the idea or research area that you propose to investigate.

• Limitations of study. You need to define the limits of your research project in terms of scope, sampling, questions asked and methods employed.

• A literature review of important works already carried out in the field so as to give your readers “state-of-the-art” perspective.

• A detailed research plan, with an outline of appropriate research methods.

• A time line for the various stages of the research.

• A statement on the type and availability of resources you intend to use for your research.

Writing A Research Proposal

•Stakeholders and their Concerns (your tutor or supervisor), the people in the institution you are working for, and the people in the organisation)

Critical Factors Critical Factors in Proposal in Proposal EvaluationEvaluation

• Evaluation serves a number of useful purposes:– It clarifies the objectives of the research project;– It enhances understanding of the steps and

processes required by the project;– It provides people with information that will help

them make decisions about the project; and– It helps to measure if, and how, goals and

objectives can be met.

Putting a Putting a Proposal Proposal TogetherTogether

• Title must be concise and precise

Examples of titles:Examples of titles:

• A Study Of The Effects Of Rhetorical Text Structure And English Reading Proficiency On The Metacognitive Strategies Used By EFL Taiwanese College Freshman

• Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah Bagi Mata Pelajaran Elektronik: Satu Kajian Tindakan Di Sekolah Menengah Teknik

• Meningkatkan Penggunaan ICT Di Kalangan Guru Pemulihan Khas Di 10 Buah Sekolah Di Daerah Pontian.

• Usaha Untuk Meningkatkan Penglibatan Pelajar Di Dalam Kelas Tusyen Matematik Tambahan Dengan Pendekatan Teori Kecerdasan Pelbagai

Refining research proposal:

• Keep redefining your title and content• Talk about your ideas to your friends or

supervisor.• Write brief notes about your idea in one or

two pages, especially on your area of interest.

• Read through your proposal from time to time

• Keep reading and looking for materials. Take notes (remember to reference the texts).

• Go through the write-up in case you need to change

• Sort out the various sub-topics so that they are in order.

• Carry out referencing to acknowledge other people’s work.

OTHER TYPES OTHER TYPES OF PROPOSALSOF PROPOSALS

• Formal – is written in a business-like manner.– It is straightforward, direct and precise. – It informs readers about the purpose, aims

and benefits accruing from the study• Informal Proposals

– on a smaller scale and normally carries less weight than a formal proposal

1. Business Proposals – is a long process and costs time and

money.a.Writing a proposal that make you

stands out from othersb.Writing a proposal to ask for fundings

or allocations

2. Proposals for Feasibility Study – Give an overview of primary issues related to

business idea– “make” or “break” issues– a brief, formal analysis of a prospective

business idea. – gives the entrepreneur a clear evaluation of the

potential for sales and profit from a particular idea (market issues, organisational/technical issues, financial issues)

Guidelines Guidelines ForFor

GoodGoodBusiness Business proposalproposal