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1/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY 1

HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER

R.L. Boxman

Tel Aviv Univeri!"


2/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY #

T$e Pro%lem&

' We (en) *#+, o- or !ime (re(arin/

0reear$ re(or!2 33 4i!$o! !rainin/

' In on!ra!5 4e are !raine) !o (ro/ram

om(!er5 e oilloo(e5 SE67 e!.


3/77


Le!re O%9e!ive

' Give (ar!ii(an! 0rei(e2 -or (re(arin/

/oo) reear$ (a(er&

: in !erm o- !"le an) or/ani;a!ion


4/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY @

Leon Plan' In!ro)!ion& ommnia!ion $annel

' Be-ore Wri!in/' En/li$ om(oi!ion Ti(

' Or/ani;a!ion o- !$e Reear$ Pa(er

: In!ro)!ion

: 6e!$o)

: Rel!

: Diion

: onlion

: ' Revie4 Proe

' Pro%lem an) re

' Smmar" an) onlion


5/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY

Cornal Pa(er 33

a ommnia!ion $annel' O%9e!ive o- ien!i-i (a(er 3 onve"

in-orma!ion5 a e--iien!l" a (oi%le.

' One 4ri!er 3 man" rea)er 33 %r)en on4ri!er !o ommnia!e e--iien!l".

' Analo/ !o ommo $annel 33 Tx an) Rx

m! %e on ame 4avelen/!$5 e ame (ro!ool.

' Pro!ool -or (a(er -ixe) %" onven!ion


6/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY

No! a 6r)er 6"!er"=

' No vir!e in ee(in/ rea)er in (ene

' Rea)er 4an! in-o.5 no! "or (eronal

$i!or" in arrivin/ a! rel! : Time eFene relevan!5 onl" !o !$e ex!en!

!$a! i! a--e! rel!

' Or/ani;a!ion5 eFene o- (reen!a!iono(!imi;e) !o onve" in-orma!ion


7/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY

Be-ore "o %e/in !o 4ri!e :

De-ine !$e 0Reear$ e!ion2' Goo) reear$ (a(er revolve aron) a

0reear$ Fe!ion2 :

Exam(le& 0Ho4 )oe %ia vol!a/e a--e! !$e a)$eionan) in!er-ae !r!re o- Ti3Al3N oa!in/ a((lie) !o!ainle !eel %!ra!e

' In o!$er -iel)


8/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY J

NO DOUBLE PUBLIATION=

' Same rel! ma" no! %e (%li$e) !4ie= : P%li$e) K in 9ornal5 %oo.

: on-erene (roee)in/ i a /ra" area : are !$e" (%li$e)

: 6inor overla( !o im(rove lari!" an) om(le!ene O ' B! $ol) %e lear5 via re-erene5 4$a! i ol) an) 4$a! i ne4

' Don7! %mi! ame ma!erial !o !4o )i--eren!

9ornal a! ame !ime : I! i O !o %mi! (a(er re9e!e) %" one 9ornal !o

ano!$er


9/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY M

En/li$ om(oi!ion

S//e!ion' Hierar$al S!r!re &

: $a(!er5 Se!ion' S%3e!ion5 e!.

: Para/ra($

Sen!ene

' Be-ore 4ri!in/ !ex!5 4ri!e a )e!aile) o!line :)o4n !o !$e level o- )e-inin/ !$e !o(i o- ea$

(ara/ra($ : 6a9or (ro%lem : mi(lae) !a!emen!


10/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY 1+

En/li$ om(oi!ion5 on!7)

' 0Bo!!om3(2 or/ani;a!ion&

' T$e en!ene&

: Ex(ree a om(le!e !$o/$!

: 6o! en!ene $ol) e !$e na!ral7

En/li$ 4or) or)er& %9e!5 ver%5 (re)ia!e

0T$i rela!ion i vali) 4$en xr2

0T$e $am%er 4a evaa!e) 4i!$ a )i--ion

(m(2


11/77


En/li$ om(oi!ion :

T$e en!ene5 on!7) : Sim(li-" en!ene %" in/ na!ral ver%

-orm5 ra!$er !$an )erive) non (l

/enerali;e) ver%&Not: Measurements were made of the coating

hardness using a nano-indenter .

Instead write: The coating hardness was

measured using a nano-indenter.


12/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY 1#

En/li$ om(oi!ion :

T$e en!ene5 on!7) : Avoi) %e/innin/ !$e en!ene 4i!$ lon/

(re(oi!ional ($rae

Using a CSEM model 3400 nano-indenterequipped with a flashlight and a

microcomputer , the hardness of the coating

was measured.


13/77


En/li$ om(oi!ion5 on!7)

' T$e Para/ra($ : Develo( a !o(i

: A! lea! # en!ene5 more (re-erre) : 1! en!ene )e-ine !$e !o(i o- !$e

(ara/ra($

: S%eFen! en!ene )evelo( i)ea in lo/ialor)er

: Qinal en!ene (reen! onlion5 or main (oin!


14/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY 1@

En/li$ om(oi!ion3

T$e Para/ra($5 on!7)• In the final stage, the net deposition

rate on the anode is zero. Cathodic

material is either deflected by the high

pressure A-plasma before it reaches the

anode, or is re-evaporated after a veryshort dwell time. M7s reaching the anode

will li!ewise be evaporated. A given

location on the substrate may be e"posed

primarily to C-plasma or A-plasma,

according to the geometry of the

electrodes and shields and the plasma

flow dynamics, as illustrated schematically

in #ig. $

' Par. S%9e!

' Develo(men!

o- %9e!

' Qinal Sen!. :6ain (oin!


15/77


T"(in/ In!r!ion

' Ue a 4or) (roeor

: QreFen! %a3(

: Ue )e-ine) !"le -or $ea)in/5 e!.

' Wi)e mar/in

: A! lea! # mm all aron)

' Do%le3(ae

' In)en!5 ex!ra (ae %e-ore ne4 (ara/ra($


16/77


Or/ani;a!ion o- !$e Pa(er

A%!ra! Smmari;e 4or

In!ro)!ion W$a! are 4e !alin/a%o!

Ex(erimen!al De!ail W$a! )i) 4e )o

Rel! W$a! )i) 4e /e!

Diion So W$a!

onlion *8 e" (oin! "o 4an!rea)er !o remem%er


17/77


Tra(e;oi)al Or/ani;a!ion

Ex(. De!ail

Rel!

In!ro)!ion

Diion

road !ac"ground

#arrow focus

road

implications


18/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY 1J

In!ro)!ion

I. General Ba/ron)

II. Li!era!re Revie4

III. Ga(

IV. O%9e!ive


19/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY 1M

In!ro)!ion

' In!ro)!ion an) Diion $ar)e! -or

!$e novie !o 4ri!e 4ell =

:

' O%9e!ive o- !$e In!ro)!ion& /ive rea)er

--iien! %a/ron) in-orma!ion o !$a!$e an n)er!an) an) a((reia!e "or

4or=


20/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY #+

In!ro)!ion

' @ ReFire) (ar!& : I. General %a/ron)

: II. Li!era!re Revie4 : III. Ga(

: IV. S!a!emen! o- Pr(oe

' # o(!ional (ar! : V. Vale !a!emen!

: VI. Previe4


21/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY #1

In!ro& I. General Ba/ron)

' Pr(oe&

: Plae (a(er in %roa) on!ex!

: Brin/ rea)er ( !o (ee)' S!"le

: S$ol) %e n)er!an)a%le %" ever" rea)er

: De-ine !o(i

: S$or!

: Uall" ver" /eneral5 non3on!roverial en!ene


22/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY ##

In!ro& II. Li!era!re Revie4

' Pr(oe : (lae (a(er in (ei-i on!ex!.

: B" $o4in/ 4$a! 4a )one5 e! !$e !a/e -or!a!in/ 4$a! 4a no! )one (reviol"

' Or/ani;a!ion : or)er i!a!ion %"& :

A((roa$


23/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY #8

Li!. Revie45 on!7)

' i!a!ion -o&

: 0Information rominent2 -- often used at the

beginning of stage %, and refer to research inthe general area of your study.

& '"ample( 0)ecause of the comple"ity of

the non-e*uilibrium behavior, the swarm

parameters have been analyzed in non-uniform

fields in +e , %, and /% $, 0 by Monte

Carlo simulation and in air and Ar 1 by solving

the diffusion flu" e*uations2.


24/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY #@

Li!. Revie45 on!7)

' i!a!ion -o & : 0 Author rominent2 : often used to

describe studies closely related topresent wor!.

'"ample( 0)oeuf et al. 2 too! intoaccount the additional ionization caused

by a beamli!e group of fast electrons anddeveloped an e"tended memory factormodel in helium2.


25/77


Li!. Revie45 on!7)

' i!a!ion -o &

03ea! Author rominent2 : often used for

general statements characterizing the stateof the art, or typical wor! performed in thepast.

'"ample( 04everal authors -0 have studied

linear and nonlinear wave processes invarious !inds of plasma, but not much wor!has been done for waves in a rotatingplasma2.


26/77


Li!. Revie45 on!7)

' i!a!ion -o &

05eneral 4tatements about the 4tate of the

6esearch2'"ample( 07heoretical investigations of thesephenomena in plasmas have been vigorouslypursued for the last two decades. +owever,the time evolution of the waves andinstabilities leading to shoc!s, double layers,fre*uency shift, precessional rotation, etc.,has not been understood fully2.


27/77


28/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY #J

Li!. Revie45 on!7)

' Yor o4n (revio 4or

: Trea! "or o4n (revio 4or -airl"

: Re-eree an) rea)er ver" (iio i- 4oro- a!$or or a!$or7 /ro( i!e) o! o-

(ro(or!ion5 or 4or o- o!$er i/nore).


29/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY #M

In!ro. : III. Ga( Sen!ene

' Smmari;e !a!e o- no4le)/e %"

in)ia!in/&

: W$a! 4a no! )one5 or

: Error in (revio 4or 5 or

: Dia/reemen!5 on!rover" %e!4een varioore.


30/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY 8+

Ga( Sen!ene

' 6o! im(or!an! en!ene -or /e!!in/ (a(erae(!e)=

: ommon ae -or (a(er re9e!ion :no!$in/ ne4

: Ga( en!ene5 %" in)ia!in/ 4$a! 4an7! )one (reviol"5 $o4 !$a! "or 4or i ne4=

: ! good ga$ sentence %orces re&iewer towor' hard to re(ect $a$er %or )ac' o%no&e)ty


31/77



' Uall" 1 en!ene lon/

' Al4a" ne/a!ive

' 6! rela!e !o (revio (a(er %" "o an) "or/ro( in ame manner a o!$er (a(er

' Sen!ene $ol) %e ex(lii!5 (reie5 an) -oe)&

' Exam(le& $%he dependence of the interface

structure !etween %i su!strates and &l films onthe su!strate !ias 'oltage has not (et !eendetermined.)


32/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY 8#


' Don7! %e 4i$"34a$"

: 0Qe4 reear$ $ave inve!i/a!e)..2

' Be/ !$e Fe!ion : 04$a! a%o! !$e -e42

' T$e 0-e42 $ol) %e !$e -o o- !$e li!. rev.5 an)

!$e /a( $ol) %e rela!ive !o !$em

: 0To !$e %e! o- or no4le)/e5 no one

$a.2

' I!7 !$e a!$or7 9o% !o no4 !$e li!era!re=


33/77


In!ro. IV3S!a!emen! o- Pr(oe

' Imme)ia!el" -ollo4 /a( en!ene

' S!a!e o%9e!ive o- !$e reear$(a(er5 4$i$ i5

%aiall"5 !o -ill !$e (reviol" !a!e) /a(' S$ol) %e onie5 (reie5 ex(lii! an) -oe)

: T$e 0reear$ Fe!ion2 $ol) %e im(lii!l" lear=

' Exam(le& $%he o!*ecti'e of this research was to

determine the dependence of &l+%i interfaces asa function of su!strate 'oltage during 'acuumarc deposition)


34/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY 8@

In!ro. IV3S!a!emen! o- Pr(oe

' S!"le no!e& : T$e o%9e!ive o- reear$ i no! !o )o

reear$


35/77


In!ro. : O(!ional Par!

' V. S!a!emen! o- Vale : In)ia!e im(or!ane or i/ni-iane o- 4or

: S$or! : 6o)e! !one

' VI. Previe4

: Ue-l -or lon/ (a(er : Give (rini(le rel!

: In)ia!e or/ani;a!ion


36/77


Ex(erimen!al De!ail

' Some!ime alle)&

: Ex(erimen!al A((ara! an) Proe)re

: 6e!$o) an) 6a!erial

' Do no! all i! Ex(erimen!al7

' An4er !$e Fe!ion 04$a! )i) I )o2


37/77


Ex(erimen!al De!ail

' Amon! o- )e!ail& a%ol!el" m! inl)e--iien! )e!ail o !$a! ever" rel!

(reen!e) an %e )(lia!e) ele4$ere : I- "o $ave ere! neear" !o /e! !$e

re(or!e) rel!5 )on7! (%li$=

' Nie !o re(or! )e!ail 4$i$ 4ol) $el("or rea)er

' Elimina!e ex!raneo )e!ail


38/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY 8J

Ex(erimen!al De!ail

' S!ar! 4i!$ A((ara!

' S!an)ar) or 4ell3no4n a((ara! : men!ion5)e-ine5 /ive re-.5 a a((ro(ria!e

' Non3!an)ar)5 no! 4ell3no4n5 3 )eri%e

1. De-ine (r(oe

#. Give %rie- overall )eri(!ion

8.Deri%e (ar!

Some lo/ial or)er

@. Deri%e in!er3rela!ion o- (ar!5 o(era!ion.


39/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY 8M

A((ara! Dia/ram

' S$ema!i : $o4 onl" (ar! neear" !on)er!an) o(era!ion : All (ar! men!ione) in !ex! $ol) %e la%ele) in

)ia/ram

: All nal (ar! in )ia/ram $ol) %e )eri%e) in!ex!

' No 4or$o( )ra4in/ : !oo )e!aile)

: line !oo !$in' No ($o!o/ra($

: Eaier !o n)er!an) $ema!i )ra4in/


40/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY @+

0Hea)3( Di(la"2


41/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY @1

E"e3!irin/ -i/re& E"e nee) !o

9m( %a an) -or!$ -rom -i/. !oa(!ion or !ex!


42/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY @#

Ex(. De!ail : S!"le an) Grammar

' Uall" (a! !ene

: (reen! !ene -or /eneral !r!$5 /eneri )eri(!ion

o- !an)ar) eFi(men!

' Voie

: Hman a/en! : (aive

' T$e vol!a/e 4a a)9!e) !( the eperimenter !o 1.@ V.

: In!rmen!al a/en! : a!ive' T$e /enera!or (ro)e) a erie o- + V5 + n (le.


43/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY @8

Ex(. De!ail : S!"le an) Grammar

' Ar!ile

: Qir! men!ion o- a (ar! : e 0aan2

: S%eFen! men!ion : e 0!$e2' Wor) or)er

: S!ar! 4i!$ ol) in-orma!ion


44/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY @@

Ex(. De!ail : Ex(. Proe)re

' SeFene o- even! -ollo4e) !o on)!ex(erimen! : Give --iien! )e!ail !o )(lia!e rel!

: Don7! /ive nneear" )e!ail

' S(ei-" all ex(erimen!al on)i!ion(arame!erreFire) !o )(lia!e rel! : Give (ei-i ommon5 -ixe) vale

: In)ia!e ran/e o- varia%le (arame!er

: O-!en a !a%le mmari;in/ ex(. (arame!er i e-l

T$ i l P


45/77


T$eore!ial Pa(er :

6o)el Am(!ion5

Deriva!ion o- EFa!ion

' Alo an4er 04$a! )i) I )o2

' S!a!e all am(!ion -ir!5 !$en )evelo(eFa!ion

' Give --iien! )e!ail -or )(lia!ion

ele4$ere : S$ol)n7! nee) !o 4or 4ee !o (ro/re

-rom one eFa!ion !o !$e nex!=


46/77


T$eore!ial Pa(er 3

Nomenla!re' De-ine ea$ "m%ol

: Ei!$er 1! !ime e)5 or

: In Nomenla!re Ta%le' Reommen)a!ion : Pre(are Nomenla!re Ta%le

-or in!ernal e. @ olmn&

: S"m%ol

: De-ini!ion

: Pa/e (on 4$i$ i! a((ear

: Pa/e on!ainin/ )e-ini!ion


47/77


Rel!

' An4er !$e %ai Fe!ion5 0W$a! )i) I

/e!2 or 0W$a! )i) I o%erve2

' T"(iall"5 mo! rel! /iven in !a%le an)-i/re. Tex! revolve aron) !$em.


48/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY @J

Rel!5 on!7)

• Three Information lements * types ofsentences

Location 9:; sentences indicates which figures ortables contain a particular result.

Presentation 9; sentences present the mostimportant findings.

Comments 9C; are sentences which comment onthe results.

4ometimes :


49/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY @M

Rel!5 on!7)ty$e e+am$)e

L The correlation parameters as a function of distance fromthe jet outlet is shown in Fig. 3.

P It may be seen that the correlation decreases steeply withdistance, and becomes negligible after 5 cm.

This results di!ers signi"cantly from those obser#ed withcon#entional jets.

L$P The wa#elet intensity has a %ausian temporal pro"le,whose width decreases with the distance between thesources, as may be seen in Fig. &.

This is similar to the results from ring sources.

L$P The wa#elet intensity has a %ausian temporal pro"le,whose width decreases with the distance between thesources 'Fig. &(.

L Table 5 summari)es the composition and wear propertiesof coatings deposited under #arious conditions.


50/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY +

Rel! 3 S!"le an) Grammar

' Loa!ion en!ene

: In (reen! !ene

: Bo!$ a!ive ? (aive O ' Preen!a!ion en!ene

: Re(or! rel! no! in -i/re or !a%le

: Smmari;e mo! im(or!an! rel! o- !a%le an)

-i/re : 0Blin) man7 rle2

: Uall" e (a! !ene

: Be (reie5 an) a Fan!i!a!ive a neear"(oi%le


51/77


Inreain/ In-orma!ion in

Preen!a!ion Sen!ene

. It may be seen that = depended on >.

%. It may be seen that = increased with >.

$. It may be seen that = increased linearly

with >.

0. It may be seen that =≈%%.$ > ? $%.


52/77


Rel! 3 S!"le an) Grammar

' ommen! en!ene&

: Onl" ommen! in!ima!el" rela!e) !o (ei-i

-in)in/.' P! more /eneral ommen! in Diion=

: Don7! mix -a!7 4i!$

in!er(re!a!ion5 (ela!ion5 e!.

' P! !$ee in !$e Diion


53/77


Rel! : all !$e on)i!ion=

' Be re !$a! all !$e on)i!ion5 (arame!er5 e!.5

reFire) !o o%!ain a (ar!ilar rel! are /iven=

' I- !$e on)i!ion are no! om(le!el" (ei-ie) in

0Ex(erimen!al De!ail2 5 !$en !$e" m! %e /iven

ei!$er in Loa!ion en!ene5 a(!ion or -i/re' Al4a" /ive on)i!ion -ir!5 !$en !$e rel!.


54/77


Rel! : -i/re an) !a%le

' $ooe mo! a((ro(ria!e -orma! !o mae

"or (oin!

: Ta%le 4$ere a%ol!e vale i mo!im(or!an!

: Gra($ 4$ere !ren) i mo! im(or!an!

: $ooe x axi o i! re(reen! !$e mo! im(or!an! varia%le


55/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY

Rel! : -i/re an) !a%le

' Hea)3( )i(la" : all reFire) in-o on !$e

/ra($ 5 ra!$er !$an in a(!ion or !ex!

' B! 3 )on7! ro4)' Illi!era!e man7 rle

: Qi/re $ol) %e n)er!an)a%le !o an illi!era!e=

' Don7! %e la;" : a!$or $ol) 4or5 no! rea)er

' Al4a" (ei-" ni! .

& !o not use @, ×


56/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY

Diion

' An4er !$e Fe!ion 0So 4$a!2

• Typical lements in the !iscussion

& "pecific reference to the present study#• . 6eference to the main purpose or hypothesis• %. 6eview of the most important findings

• $. :imitations and Bustifications( demonstration of self-consistency 9e.g., with modelassumptions; demonstration of statistical validity techni*ue limitations, and their implications 9e.g.,bandwidth of instrument→high fre*uencycomponents, if e"istent, cannot be observed;


57/77

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY

Diion5 on!7)

• 0. Comparisons

between different elements of the present

studies

with previous wor!s 9between varioustheories, between various e"periments,

between e"periment and theory, or theory

and e"periment;


58/77


Diion5 on!7)

& $eneral statements• 1. Implications and generalizations

• 2. 6ecommendations for future research practical applications

' In general, discussion starts withspecific statements re. present study,and diverges towards more generalstatements.


59/77


Diion5 on!7)

' 6a9or (ro%lem : orre!l" onve"in/

)e/ree o- er!ain!" : Qal!" or a%en! anal"i %" a!$or

: Wron/ $oie o- 4or)

: I! o.. !o o--er (ela!ive ex(lana!ion5 i- ' lear !o !$e rea)er !$a! i!7 a (ela!ion

' $or!

! i ! S l


60/77


er!ain!" Salecategory use key

%ordsspeculation idea or ideas that come to mind may, possible,

conceivably

li!ely some evidence supports this idea suggests,indicates

very li!ely substantial evidence supports thisidea

is consistent,strongly suggest

most li!ely 7here is more evidence andDortheoretical support for this idea

than any other e"isting idea

most li!ely

proven All possible e"planations are onthe table, and a decisive testindicates that this idea and onlythis idea e"plains the observation

proven, proves,proof, shown,demonstrated


61/77


Diion

• !on,t introduce ne%. results in

the !iscussion &&&

& Eon7t present 0new2 facts in thediscussionFFF

: 7he discussion should discuss results

presented earlier in the paper, or in the

literature 9with a specific reference;.


62/77


Conclusions

May be the concluding paragraph of thediscussion

or separate section, entitled 0Conclusions2, or

0Conclusions and 6ecommendations2

4hould be very short 9-% paragraphs;

Eon7t repeat obBectives or methodology

Eon

7t use indicative sentences

9e.g. The microhardness and critical load wasmeasured as a function of the substratetemperature.;


63/77


Conclusions

/o 0new2 information : this section shouldsummarize results and ideas which arepresented and developed in detail inprevious sections 9i.e. results and

discussion;. 4ummarize the most important results, and

their implications. 9again this is a summary,the implications should have been

developed and discussed in Eiscussion;. 7hin! in terms of $ things you want the

reader to remember


64/77


Conclusions

7he conclusions must contain the answer tothe 0research *uestion2, 9or an 0admissionof failure2, in which case perhaps the papershould be rewritten around a more modest

research *uestion;. 4hould be self-contained : avoid references

9either internal (e.g. see Fig. 3 ) or e"ternal;

6ecommendations may be offered forfurther wor!. 7hey should be firmly basedon the present wor!.


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A%!ra!

' Wri!e )ra-! %e-ore 4ri!in/ %o)" o- (a(er

' Re34ri!e 4$en )one

' Smmari;e in 13# en!ene ea$&; bac!ground,

%; obBective

$; methodology

0; most important results

1; conclusions


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A%!ra!5 on!7)

' 6an" rea) onl" a%!ra! 5∴

mae i! in-orma!ive5 no! merel" in)ia!ive

∀⇒ Indicative e"ample( 7he voltage as afunction of temperature was measured.

∀⇒ Informative e"ample( It was found that

the voltage decreased as a function of the

temperature reaching a saturation value of3! m" .


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A%!ra!5 on!7)

• Abstract should stand alone : no

references.

• Abbreviations( & use only if a term is used repeatedly

within the abstract ,

& and its use will save considerable space. & Eefine each abbreviation the first time it

is used.


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Ti!le

• Compose title and detailed outline atthe beginning of the writing process

• 6e-evaluate and correct title after thepaper is written

• 4hort 9G% lines, is better;

• Accurately e"press the subBect of thenew results presented

• /o abbreviationsFFF


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T$e Revie4 Proe

' A!$or %mi! (a(er !o e)i!or

' E)i!or en) (a(er !o revie4er

: (eer7 revie4 : Trie !o $ooe enior reear$er5 4$oe o(inion $e

!r!

' Revie4er 4ri!e

: Overall o(inion : (%lia!ion reommen)a!ion

: S(ei-i ommen!

: Qill in -orm


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T$e Revie4 Proe : on!7)

' E)i!or /enerall" a)o(! onen o(inion

o- revie4er

: I- !$ere i no onen5 ei!$er revie4$imel- or en) !o an a))i!ional revie4er

: In-orm a!$or o- rel!

: 6o! revie4 are 0/re"25 reFire a!$orre(one


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' A!$or re(one : A))ree) !o !$e e)i!or : no! !$e revie4er

: W$ere (oi%le5 )o 4$a! !$e revie4er //e!=====' I- $e )i)n7! n)er!an) "o5 man" o!$er rea)er 4on7!

ei!$er==

: Wri!e over le!!er !o e)i!or5 in)ia!in/ loa!ion o-reviion.

: Don7! )e!ail !$e $an/e or /ive a))i!ional

ex(lana!ion in !$e le!!er=' T$e or)inar" rea)er 4on7! $ave !$i le!!er !o $el( $im=

: I- !$e revie4er7 ommen! 4ere e(eiall" $el(-l5a" o in "or over le!!er.


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' I- "o an7! a/ree 4i!$ !$e revie4er : Wri!e a lear re%!!al in "or over le!!er !o !$e e)i!or

: Or %mi! ele4$ere' Inor(ora!e $an/e !$a! "o )o a/ree 4i!$

' E)i!or7 re(one : I- $e i onvine) all revie4er7 //e!ion me!5

!ar! (%lia!ion

: O!$er4ie5 en) revie) (a(er %a !o revie4er5 or!o a))i!ional revie4er

The 'ost Common (roblems in Technical (apers


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p

()*+,' C)

. Indicative rather

than informative

abstract.

7he abstract should inform the reader of the !ey results, not

merely indicate the scope of the paper.

%. Introduction not

sufficiently broad so

that all readers of thetarget Bournal can

understand the problem

studied.

4tart paper with general statements defining the field and the

problem so that anyone normally reading the target Bournal !nows

at least what you are tal!ing about.

$. Introduction does

not contain a gap7

sentence, or the gap

sentence is fuzzy.

4tate e"plicitly in a separate sentence what wasn7t done, or done

improperly, in the previous literature, that Bustifies doing and

publishing the current research.

0. Insufficient detail in

the method and

apparatus sections, or

in the derivation of

e*uations.

5ive sufficient detail so that another s!illed investigator can

e"actly duplicate your results.


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1. Mi"ture of fact7 and

interpretation

Always organize your presentation with 9; what you did, 9%; what

you got 9i.e. results;, and 9$; interpretation, in that order.

4eparate interpretation from facts, by placing interpretation in a

separate sentence, or better a separate section 9i.e. discussion;.Hse appropriate words to indicate lac! of certainty and modesty

in presenting interpretation.

. )ad organization 4eparate into separate sections 9; what you did 9i.e. method;,

9%; what you got 9i.e. results;, and 9$; why 9i.e. discussion;. As!

yourself after each sentence 0Eid I give the reader A:: the

information he needs to understand this sentence someplace

previously in the paper2

J. Hndefined symbols,

changing

nomenclature

Ma!e a nomenclature table for your own use. :ist and define

each symbol. :ist each page where a symbol appears. :ist the

page you defined the symbol. Euring proof-reading, chec! each

symbol against the table.

K. 6abbits pulled fromthe hat.

Introduce all results in the results section. /o new results7 in thediscussion or conclusion. Ma!e sure all conclusions firmly

supported by results, and interpreted in discussion.

L oor paragraph /o sentence paragraphs :ead sentence of par introduces topic


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TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY

L. oor paragraph

organization

/o -sentence paragraphs. :ead sentence of par. introduces topic,

last sent. presents maBor point or conclusion. 'ach sentence follows

logically from preceding sentences

1+. Aw!ward sentences Hse natural form of verb 9not 0measurements were made of thevoltage2 : instead 0the voltage was measured2;. Mostly use natural

'nglish word order( subBect, verb, predicate.

11. )ad graphics :abel all a"es with name and units. +eads-up7 presentation.

)lind man7s rule%. Illiterate man7s rule$. Hse large enough

letters, symbols, and line width.

/ #eads$up presentation. 3here possible, give the information needed to

understand a figure directly on the figure 9rather than in the caption or te"t;.

% %lind man s rule. ey results appearing in figures and tables should be

described verbally in the te"t so that a blind man, who only hears the te"t,understands the paper.

$ Illiterate man s rule. #igures should be self-e"planatory, so that an illiterate

9in the language of the paper; can understand the figure without reading any

te"t.


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TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY

Smmar" : 1+ omman)men!

-or 4ri!in/ a /oo) (a(er 1. Have a 4ell )e-ine) reear$ Fe!ion7

' Im(lii! in !a!emen! o- (r(oe7 in in!ro.

' An4ere) in onlion

#. Or/ani;e (a(er in !an)ar) manner

' Pre(are an o!line %e-ore 4ri!in/ !ex!' P! ea$ !a!emen! in!o !$e ri/$! (lae

Smmar" 1+ omman)men!


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Smmar" : 1+ omman)men!

8. Ex(lii! /a( en!ene in in!ro)!ion

@. Give all !$e )e!ail reFire) -or )(lia!in/rel!

. Rel!& Loa!ion5 Preen!a!ion5 ommen!

. Goo) /ra($i : ea" !o rea) an) n)er!an). Be mo)e! in ex(lana!ion5 im(lia!ion

J. Poli$ ea$ en!ene

M. In-orma!ive a%!ra!

1+. Wor $ar) !o mae rea)er7 9o% ea"

write journal paper

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