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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

By Krystal, Aimee, Karisma…. And Tyler

FUN FACTS1. There are more nerve cells in the human brain than there are

stars in the Milky Way.

2. If we lined up all the neurons in our body it would be around 600

miles long.

3. There are 100 billion neurons in your brain alone.

4. A newborn baby's brain grows almost 3 times during the course

of its first year.

5. The left side of human brain controls the right side of the body

and the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body.

FUN FACTS PART 2

6. A New born baby loses about half of their nerve

cells before they are born.

7. As we get older, the brain loses almost one gram

per year.

8. There are about 13, 500,00 neurons in the human

spinal cord.

9. The total surface area of the human brain is

about 25, 000 square cm

KEY TERMSBrain- Soft mass of tissue inside the cranium

Nerve- Group of nerve tissues that conduct impulses

Spinal Cord- A column of nervous tissue extending from the

medulla oblongata of the brain to the second lumbar vertebra

in the vertebral column.

Hypothalamus- That structure in the diencephalon of the

brain that regulates and controls many body functions

KEY TERMS PART 2

Ventricle- a cavity in the brain

Pons- Portion of the brain stem that connects the

medulla oblongata and the cerebellum to the upper

portions of the brain

Medulla Oblongata- The lower part of the brain

stems; controls vital processes such as respiration

and heartbeat

Meninges- Membranes that cover the brain and

spinal cord

HEALTH CARE CAREERS

Neurosurgeon- one who performs on any part of the brain and or nervous

system.

Psychiatrist- a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment

of mental illness

Physical Therapist- health care professionals that help patients reduce pain and

help repair motor skills

Chiropractor- health care professionals that diagnose, treat, and/or problems

with the spine.

Mental Health Technicians- health care workers who help psychiatrists with

mental health patience.

 

REGIONS OF THE BRAIN

The peripheral nervous system consists of two systems.

The Somatic nervous system and the Autonomic nervous system

The Somatic nervous system has 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

The Autonomic nervous system has 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

Cranial nerves give general sensations like pain, touch, sensations,

temperature, pressure, involuntary movements of muscles, etc.

Spinal nerves are used for sensory and motor skills.

The Peripheral Nervous System

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

An important part of the peripheral nervous system.

This part of the system helps maintain a balance

in the involuntary functions of the body.

There are two divisions to the autonomic nervous

system:• Sympathetic Nervous System• Parasympathetic Nervous System

These two systems work together to maintain a balance state (homeostasis).

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

In times of emergency…• The sympathetic nervous system

prepares the body by:• Increase heart rate• Respiration• Blood Pressure• Slowing activity in digestive tract

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

After the Emergency…• The parasympathetic nervous

system prepares the body by:• Slowing the heart rate• Decreasing respiration• Lowering blood pressure• Increase activity in digestive

tract

DISEASES

Encephalitis- inflammation of the brain and is

caused by the virus, bacterium, or chemical agent.

Neuralgia- nerve pain

Meningitis- inflammation of the meninges of the

brain and/or spinal cord and is caused by a

bacterium, virus, fungus, or toxins