wrap fugitive dust emission summary and evaluation (aoh phase ii/tss task 7b) environ international...
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WRAP Fugitive Dust EmissionSummary and Evaluation
(AoH Phase II/TSS Task 7b)
ENVIRON International Corporation
15 November 2005
Tempe, AZ
Outline
• Project Objectives• Fugitive Dust Source Categories• Emission Estimation Methodologies• 2002 Annual County-level Summaries• 2002 Annual Gridded Summaries• PM2.5/PM10 Ratios• Next Steps
Project Objectives• Summarize all fugitive dust emission sources
• Evaluate dust emissions for reasonableness and consistency– Review estimation methodologies (AP-42, State/local studies,
regional models, etc..)
– Review fine fraction (PM10/PM2.5)
• Develop SCC-level summaries:– County-level– Model-ready, gridded
• Develop summaries by geographic region• Consider 2002 and 2018 EIs
Fugitive Dust Source Categories• Agricultural Dust
– Harvesting– Tilling– Transport– Feedlots
• Construction Dust– Mining/Quarrying– Road Construction– Residential– Industrial/Commercial/Institutional
• Road Dust– Paved– Unpaved
• Windblown Dust
Estimation Methodologies
• Agricultural Tilling– 2002 NEI grown from 1998
• Growth factors vary by tilling type (0.77 – 1.16)– Activity is acres tilled by type and crop (from CTIC)– EF = 4.8*k*s0.6*p
• k=particle size multiplier (PM10 = 0.21; PM2.5 = 0.042)• S = silt content (USDA data; varies by soil type)• P = # of passes/tilling per year (varies by crop)
– E = EF * A
Estimation Methodologies
• Construction – Residential– Emissions are function of acres disturbed and volume of soil
excavated (varies by type of structure)– Activity data (housing starts by structure type) from Dept. of
Commerce – Emission factors vary by structure type and duration of
construction (0.011 tons PM10/acre-month – 0.11 tons PM10/acre-month)
– Adjustments applied for soil moisture, silt content and control efficiency
Estimation Methodologies
• Construction – Non-Residential– Emissions are function of acres disturbed – Activity data (value of construction in $MM, allocated from
national to county based on employment statistics) from Dept. of Commerce
– Number of acres disturbed estimated as 1.55 acres/$MM applied to county-level construction valuation data
– Emission factor = 0.19 tons/acre/month (assumed 11 month construction duration)
– Adjustments applied for soil moisture, silt content and control efficiency
Estimation Methodologies
• Road Construction – Emissions are function of acres disturbed; developed from
FHWA data– State-level new miles of road construction from 2002 FHWA
state expenditure data by road type– Converted to $/mile using NCDOT conversion data; converted
to acres disturbed/mile by road type– State data allocated to county based on residential building
starts– Emission factor = 0.42 tons/acre/month; assumed 12 month
duration– Adjustments applied for soil moisture, silt content and control
efficiency
Estimation Methodologies• Paved Road Dust
– Uncontrolled emissions estimated at state level by roadway class and month– Calculated as State/Roadway class VMT * TAF * EF– Spatially allocated to counties based using VMT surrogate– Controls applied to Non-Attainment counties – EF = [k*(sL/2)0.65 *(W/3)1.5-C]*[1-P/(4*N)]
• k= particle size multiplier (PM10 = 7.3;PM2.5 = 1.8)• sL = silt loading • W= avg. vehicle weight• C = EF for 1980 fleet• N= # days in month• P= # days with precip. > 0.01 in
– Annual VMT data from FHWA Statistics– County emissions = State Emissions * (VMTcounty/VMTState)– Assumed control measure: Vacuum sweeping twice/month; 79% control
efficiency.; Rule penetration varies by roadway class and NA status; 100% Rule Effectiveness
Estimation Methodologies• Unpaved Road Dust
– Uncontrolled emissions estimated at state level by roadway class and month
– Calculated as State/Roadway class VMT * TAF * EF– Spatially allocated to counties based using 1990 rural population surrogate– Controls applied to Non-Attainment counties – EF = [k*(s/12)a *(SPD/30)b]/(M/0.5)c-C
• k= particle size multiplier (PM10 = 0.27;PM2.5 = 1.8)• s = silt loading • SPD = mean vehicle speed• M = moisture content• C = EF for 1980 fleet• a,b,c = empirical constants
– EF adjusted for precip: Efcorr= EF * [(D-p)/D)]• D = # days in month• P = # days with precip > 0.01 in.
Estimation Methodologies
• Unpaved Road Dust (continued)– Annual VMT data from FHWA Statistics
• Separate estimates for county and non-county roadways• County-maintained VMT by road type and ADTV• State/Federal-maintained VMT by arterial classification;
county-maintained VMT used
– Annual VMT estimates allocated seasonally and monthly– County emissions = State Emissions * (Rural Pop.county/Rural
Pop.State)
– Assumed control measures vary by Non-Attainment classification (paving and/or chemical stabilization). Control efficiency, rule penetration and rule effectiveness vary
Estimation Methodologies
• Windblown Dust– WRAP Phase II WB Dust Model– 2000 Landuse/Landcover data
• BELD3 county-level crop percentages– STATSGO Soils data– 2002 MM5 Meteorology (36- and 12-km)– Latest Transport Fractions (EPA, 2005)– PMC/PMF = 0.9/0.1
RPO-Specific Revisions/Enhancements• WRAP
– Road Dust – Developed by ENVIRON. • CA emissions interpolated from previous EI development• Unpaved VMT based on NET96 updated with state survey
results• VMT data adjusted based on Clark Co. ADTV revisions factor• Silt loading from IL State Water Survey• Precipitation data from NCDC• Applicable control measures from State survey results
– Agricultural Dust - Developed by ERG based on 2002 draft NEI (gap-filled by EPA/Pechan). Additional state submissions included as part of WRAP EI Update process.
– Construction Dust - 2002 NEI estimates submitted by States
RPO-Specific Revisions/Enhancements• CENRAP
– Agricultural Dust – Developed by STI based on local activity data, county-level silt loading and tilling practices, monthly allocation by state. Includes some livestock feedlot dust emissions
– Construction and Road Dust from 2002 NEI
• VISTAS– 2002 NEI State submissions for all sources
• MWRPO– Agricultural and Construction Dust (IL & IN only) - Based on 2002 State CERR
data – Road Dust – WRAP 2002 inventory data – All Fugitive dust emissions dramatically reduce through application of transport
fractions (90%-97%). Based on monitoring data analyzed by LADCO
• MANE-VU– 2002 NEI for all dust sources
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
All PM10 Dust Emissions (tpy)
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000A
KA
ZC
AC
O ID MT
ND
NM
NV
OR
SD UT
WA
WY
AR IA KS
LA
MN
MO
NE
OK
TX
CT
DC
DE
MA
MD
ME
NH
NJ
NY
PA R
IV
T IL IN AL
FL
GA
KY
MS
NC
SC TN
VA
WV
Ca
na
da
ME
XIC
O
WRAP CENRAP MANE-VU MW VISTAS
State
PM
10
(tp
y)
Unpaved Roads
Paved Roads -
Construction
Agricultural
All PM10 Dust Emissions (tpy)
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000A
KA
ZC
AC
O ID MT
ND
NM
NV
OR
SD UT
WA
WY
AR IA KS
LA
MN
MO
NE
OK
TX
CT
DC
DE
MA
MD
ME
NH
NJ
NY
PA R
IV
T IL IN AL
FL
GA
KY
MS
NC
SC TN
VA
WV
WRAP CENRAP MANE-VU MW VISTAS
State
PM
10
(tp
y)
Unpaved Roads
Paved Roads -
Construction
Agricultural
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
All PM2.5 Dust Emissions (tpy)
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
AK
AZ
CA
CO ID MT
ND
NM
NV
OR
SD UT
WA
WY
AR IA KS
LA
MN
MO
NE
OK
TX
CT
DC
DE
MA
MD
ME
NH
NJ
NY
PA R
IV
T IL IN AL
FL
GA
KY
MS
NC
SC TN
VA
WV
Ca
na
da
ME
XIC
O
WRAP CENRAP MANE-VU MW VISTAS
State
PM
2.5
(tp
y)
Unpaved Roads
Paved Roads -
Construction
Agricultural
All PM2.5 Dust Emissions (tpy)
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
AK
AZ
CA
CO ID MT
ND
NM
NV
OR
SD UT
WA
WY
AR IA KS
LA
MN
MO
NE
OK
TX
CT
DC
DE
MA
MD
ME
NH
NJ
NY
PA R
IV
T IL IN AL
FL
GA
KY
MS
NC
SC TN
VA
WV
WRAP CENRAP MANE-VU MW VISTAS
State
PM
2.5
(tp
y)
Unpaved Roads
Paved Roads -
Construction
Agricultural
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
WRAP 2002 Dust PM10 Emissions by Group
Agricultural32%
Construction23%
Paved Roads3%
Unpaved Roads42%
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
WRAP PM10 Dust Emissions (tpy)
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
AK AZ CA CO ID MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY
WRAP
PM
10
(tp
y)
Unpaved Roads
Paved Roads
Construction
Agricultural
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
WRAP PM2.5 Dust Emissions (tpy)
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
AK AZ CA CO ID MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY
WRAP
PM
2.5
(tp
y)
Unpaved Roads
Paved Roads
Construction
Agricultural
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
Agricultural PM10 Dust Emissions (tpy) by State
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
AZ CA CO ID MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY
WRAP
PM
10
(tp
y)
Agriculture - Crops - Transport
Agriculture - Crops - Tilling
Agriculture - Crops - Harvesting
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
Agricultural PM2.5 Dust Emissions by State (tpy)
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
AZ CA CO ID MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY
WRAP
PM
2.5
(tp
y)
Agriculture - Crops - Transport
Agriculture - Crops - Tilling
Agriculture - Crops - Harvesting
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
Construction PM10 Dust Emissions by State (tpy)
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
AK AZ CA CO MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY
WRAP
PM
10
(tp
y)
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Industrial/Commercial/Institutional -Total
Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14 - AllProcesses - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - RoadConstruction - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Residential - Vehicle Traffic
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Residential - Total
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
Construction PM2.5 Dust Emissions by State (tpy)
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
AK AZ CA CO MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY
WRAP
PM
2.5
(tp
y)
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Industrial/Commercial/Institutional -Total
Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14 - AllProcesses - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - RoadConstruction - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Residential - Vehicle Traffic
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Residential - Total
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
PM10 Road Dust Emissions (tpy)
WRAP States
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
AZ CO MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY ID
State
PM
10
(tp
y)
Unpaved Roads - All UnpavedRoads - Total: Fugitives
Paved Roads - All Paved Roads -Total: Fugitives
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
PM2.5 Road Dust Emissions (tpy)
WRAP States
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
AZ CO MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY ID
State
PM
2.5
(tp
y)
Unpaved Roads - All UnpavedRoads - Total: Fugitives
Paved Roads - All Paved Roads -Total: Fugitives
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
2002 Agricultural PM10 Dust Emissions
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
AL
AR
CT
DC
DE FL
GA IA IL IN KS
KY LA
MA
MD
ME MI
MN
MO
MS
NC
NE
NH NJ
NY
OH
OK PA RI
SC
TN TX VA
VT WI
WV
State
PM
10 (
tpy)
Beef cattle - finishing operations onfeedlots (drylots) Agriculture - Crops - Transport
Agriculture - Crops - Tilling
Agriculture - Crops - Harvesting
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
2002 Agricultural PM2.5 Dust Emissions
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
AL
AR
CT
DC
DE FL
GA IA IL IN KS
KY LA
MA
MD
ME MI
MN
MO
MS
NC
NE
NH NJ
NY
OH
OK PA RI
SC
TN TX VA
VT WI
WV
State
PM
2.5
(tp
y)
Beef cattle - finishing operations onfeedlots (drylots) Agriculture - Crops - Transport
Agriculture - Crops - Tilling
Agriculture - Crops - Harvesting
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
2002 Construction/Mining PM10 Dust Emissions
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
AL
AR
CT
DC
DE
FL
GA IA IL IN KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME MI
MN
MO
MS
NC
NE
NH
NJ
NY
OH
OK
PA R
IS
CT
NT
XV
A VT
WI
W
State
PM
10 (
tpy)
Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14 - All Processes - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Road Construction - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Residential - VehicleTraffic
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Residential - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Industrial/Commercial/Institutional - Total
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
2002 Construction/Mining PM2.5 Dust Emissions
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
AL
AR
CT
DC
DE
FL
GA IA IL IN KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME MI
MN
MO
MS
NC
NE
NH
NJ
NY
OH
OK
PA R
IS
CT
NT
XV
A VT
WI
W
State
PM
2.5
(tp
y)
Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14 - All Processes - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Road Construction - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Residential - VehicleTraffic
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Residential - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Industrial/Commercial/Institutional - Total
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
2002 Road Dust PM10 Emissions
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000A
LA
RC
TD
CD
EF
LG
A IA IL IN KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME MI
MN
MO
MS
NC
NE
NH
NJ
NY
OH
OK
PA R
IS
CT
NT
XV
A VT
WI
W
State
PM
10 (
tpy)
Unpaved Roads - All Unpaved Roads -Total: Fugitives
Paved Roads - All Paved Roads - Total:Fugitives
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory2002 Road Dust PM2.5 Emissions
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
AL
AR
CT
DC
DE
FL
GA IA IL IN KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME MI
MN
MO
MS
NC
NE
NH
NJ
NY
OH
OK
PA R
IS
CT
NT
XV
A VT
WI
W
State
PM
2.5
(tp
y)
Unpaved Roads - All Unpaved Roads -Total: Fugitives
Paved Roads - All Paved Roads - Total:Fugitives
CENRAP 2002 Dust PM10 Emissions by Group
Agricultural24%
Construction11%
Paved Roads7%
Unpaved Roads58%
MANEVU 2002 Dust PM10 Emissions by Group
Agricultural6%
Construction22%
Paved Roads33%
Unpaved Roads39%
MW 2002 Dust PM10 Emissions by Group
Agricultural93%
Construction7%
VISTAS 2002 Dust PM10 Emissions by Group
Agricultural0%
Construction0%
Paved Roads29%
Unpaved Roads71%
2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory
Total 2002 Dust PM10 Emissions by RPO
WRAP21%
CENRAP50%
MW5%
MANE-VU9%
VISTAS15%
Gridded PM10 Fugitive Dust Emissions
(includes Transport Fractions)
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000 A
L A
R A
Z C
A C
O C
T D
E F
L G
A IA ID IL IN KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME
MI
MN
MO
MS
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA R
I S
C S
D T
N T
X U
T V
A V
T W
A W
I W
V W
Y
State
Ton
s/Y
ea
r
Ag/Const/MiningRoad DustWindblown Dust
Gridded PM2.5 Fugitive Dust Emissions
(includes Transport Fractions)
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000 A
L A
R A
Z C
A C
O C
T D
E F
L G
A IA ID IL IN KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME
MI
MN
MO
MS
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA R
I S
C S
D T
N T
X U
T V
A V
T W
A W
I W
V W
Y
State
Ton
s/Y
ea
r
Ag/Const/MiningRoad DustWindblown Dust
Gridded PM10 Fugitive Dust Emissions
(includes Transport Fractions)
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
AZ
CA
CO ID MT
ND
NM
NV
OR
SD
UT
WA
WY
State
Ton
s/Y
ea
r
Ag/Const/MiningRoad DustWindblown Dust
Gridded PM2.5 Fugitive Dust Emissions
(includes Transport Fractions)
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000 A
Z
CA
CO ID MT
ND
NM
NV
OR
SD
UT
WA
WY
State
Ton
s/Y
ea
r
Ag/Const/MiningRoad DustWindblown Dust
Spatial Distribution of Fugitive Dust Emissions
Spatial Distribution of Fugitive Dust Emissions
Spatial Distribution of Fugitive Dust Emissions
Spatial Distribution of Fugitive Dust Emissions
Spatial Distribution of Fugitive Dust Emissions
Spatial Distribution of Fugitive Dust Emissions
Proposed Revisions to Fine Fraction RatiosUsed for AP-42 Fugitive Dust Emission Factors
Source Category AP-42
SectionPM2.5/PM10 Ratio
Current Proposed
Paved Roads 13.2.1 0.25 0.15
Unpaved Roads 13.2.2 0.15 0.10
Construction & Demolition
-- 0.208 0.10
Aggregate Handling/Storage Piles
13.2.4 0.314 0.10 (traffic)
0.15 (transfer)
Industrial Wind Erosion
13.2.5 0.40 0.15
Agricultural Tilling -- 0.222 0.20
PM2.5/PM10 Ratios
Ratio of PM2.5/PM10 by State
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
AK AZ CA CO MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY ID
WRAP
PM
2.5/
PM
10 Agricultural
Construction
Paved Roads -
Unpaved Roads
PM2.5/PM10 Ratios
Ratio of PM2.5/PM10 by State
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
0.450
0.500
AK AZ CA CO MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY ID
WRAP
Agriculture - Crops - Harvesting
Agriculture - Crops - Tilling
Agriculture - Crops - Transport
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Industrial/Commercial/Institutional - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Residential - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Residential -Vehicle Traffic
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - RoadConstruction - Total
Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14 - All Processes- Total
Paved Roads - All Paved Roads - Total:Fugitives
Unpaved Roads - All Unpaved Roads - Total:Fugitives
PM2.5/PM10 Ratios
Ratio of PM2.5/PM10 by State
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
AK AZ
CA
CO
MT
ND
NM NV
OR
SD UT
WA
WY ID AR IA KS LA MN
MO
NE
OK TX
CT
DC
DE
MA
MD
ME
NH NJ
NY
PA RI
VT IL IN
Can
ada
ME
XIC
O
WRAP CENRAP MANE MW
PM
2.5/
PM
10 Agricultural
Construction
Paved Roads -
Unpaved Roads
PM2.5/PM10 Ratios
Ratio of PM2.5/PM10 by State
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
0.450
0.500
AK AZ
CA
CO
MT
ND
NM NV
OR
SD UT
WA
WY ID AR IA KS LA MN
MO
NE
OK TX
CT
DC
DE
MA
MD
ME
NH NJ
NY
PA RI
VT IL IN
Can
ada
ME
XIC
O
WRAP CENRAP MANE MW
PM
2.5/
PM
10
Agriculture - Crops - Harvesting
Agriculture - Crops - Tilling
Agriculture - Crops - Transport
Beef cattle - finishing operations on feedlots(drylots)
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Industrial/Commercial/Institutional - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Residential - Total
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Residential -Vehicle Traffic
Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Road Construction- Total
Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14 - All Processes- Total
Paved Roads - All Paved Roads - Total:Fugitives
Unpaved Roads - All Unpaved Roads - Total:Fugitives
PM2.5/PM10 - Road Dust
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000
PM2.5 (tpy)
pm
10
(tp
y)
PM2.5/PM10 Ratios from Gridded Data
PM2.5/PM10 - Ag/Const/Mining
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000
PM2.5 (tpy)
pm
10
(tp
y)
PM2.5/PM10 Ratios from Gridded Data
Next Steps
• Revise PM2.5/PM10 fractions (??)
• Evaluate/Summarize Revisions for Base02a
• Evaluate 2018 inventory
• Prepare Technical Memorandum