wpi precision personnel location (ppl) system · shashank kulkarni hemish parikh ben woodacre...
TRANSCRIPT
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WPI Precision Personnel Location
(PPL) System
Jim DuckworthElectrical and Computer Engineering Department
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Worcester, Massachusetts
funded by
US Department of Justice
National Institute of Justice
April 3, 2007
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Outline
�Need for Position Locator
�Development of the PPL System
�Experimental Results
�The new Locator design
�WPI Location and Tracking Workshop
� August 2007
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Position-Finding Technology for Emergency Personnel is a Critical Need
�12/3/99: Six firefighters died in a warehouse fire literally within a few feet of safety in Worcester, MA.
�9/11/01: A disaster of far greater magnitude, with some deaths in circumstances similar to the Worcester
warehouse fire
�NFPA: lost/trapped 3rd ranking cause of fatalities
�Current emergency responder escape technology:
� Audio alarms which sound with lack of motion
� Homing devices (Ultrasonic, RF) becoming available
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PPL Goal
�A location and tracking system which
� displays locations, paths, and landmarks
(exits, etc.)
� for multiple responders
� in 3 dimensions,
� requiring no pre-installed infrastructure
� and minimal setup
�Must be transparent to users
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The PPL Team
Research Assistants� Jack Coyne� Hauke Daempfling� Jason Farmer� Jason Huang� Shashank Kulkarni� Hemish Parikh� Ben Woodacre� Vincent Amendolare� David Holl
Faculty
� David Cyganski
� R. James Duckworth
� Sergey Makarov
� William Michalson
� John Orr
Technician
� Bob Boisse
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System Overview
Personnel
Unit
Reference units
Commander
Display
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System Requirements
�Fundamental capabilities:
� 3-D location of each user relative to a chosen reference point
� Relative locations among users� Graphical display at the incident command center
� Graphical path information on all users
�Accuracy: +/- 1 ft�Range: 2000 ft
�Number of simultaneous users: 100�Future enhancements:
� Physiological information telemetry
� Integration with stored databases: geographic and structural
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Background
Ranging Signal
� Multi-carrier ranging signal
� Typically 50 carriers� Bandwidths of about 25-
200 MHz� Multipath-resistant� Processed by custom
algorithms� Generated digitally
6986143
6085122
4704101
Upper Freq.
(MHz)
Lower Freq.
(MHz)
Band
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Spectrally Friendly System
�The spectral footprint of the MC-WB signal can be tailored to avoid existing services
MC-WB
Existing Services
Zoom of sample carriers
DAC Output – 150MHz wide
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System Overview
Apply new WPI multi-carrier approach to achieve the necessary precision with low bandwidth, flexible spectral footprint
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2005 Outdoor Position Tests
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Outdoor 2D TDOA results
Our new multicarrier (MC) signal structure and processing approach theoretically provides high accuracy ranging data with low bandwidth and spectral flexibility
The result of the outdoor test proved that our approach achieved high precision results
Only classic radio location algorithms were applied to the new ranging data
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But Indoors is not like Outdoors
Metal ceiling and floor decks
Steel building structure
Every metal structure bounces the signal and contributes another solution confusing multipath component
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MC/Classic Location Fails in High Multipath
� By April ’06 we repeatedly demonstrated that the MC/classic method of radio location could not cope with high multipath indoor propagation problems
� There was much gnashing of teeth
� But adversity is the mother of invention……
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New end-to-end method developed
By June 2006 a new approach to radio location that uses the multi-carrier signal structure but abandons any classic component of radio location was created.
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Through-wall/High Multipath Demo
Antennas on 3 sides WPI
Civil Eng. Building –
poor
geometry
Antennas
facing directly into
brick walls
No system
training
information or pre-sited
devices
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Kaven Hall Geology lab test site
Demo site is WPI Civil Eng.
Geology Lab in
Kaven Hall
Steel Frame and
concrete block
construction
with heavy equipment and
metal
furnishings
Since metal
sheets block
and reflect radio waves, this is a difficult test!
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The command (debug) post
Real-Time-
update display
of location solution and signal integrity
on command
console
Demonstrated
live at WPI’s
Technology Workshop
(August 6-7
2006)
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Low Location Error within Building
Blue squares show actual locations
Red arrows point to locator estimates
• 60MHz BW
• Mean Error: 0.37m
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Modifying Bandwidth
� 410-470MHz
� Middle Slice
� Mean Error
� 20MHz-2.32m
� 30MHz-1.00m
� 40MHz-0.87m
� 50MHz-0.58m
� 60MHz-0.5m
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Another Building Test –(Harsh RF Environment) !
�Metal ceiling
�Metal benches
and cabinets
�Metal studded
walls – spacing!
�Mesh Windows
�Metal backed
boards
�Fire Doors
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Building Test - Error Plots
�Approx 40ft
by 50ft
� 60MHz BW
�Mean Error
� 0.71m
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Wooden Building - Setup
� 16 by 14 m coverage
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Wooden Building – Error Plots
� 60MHz BW
�Mean Error
� 0.59m
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Locator Operational/Physical Specs
� Transmit ranging signal � Up to 150MHz bandwidth
• programmable waveform
� Support 100 locators� Updates each second
� Low power, long battery life, automatic on/off
� Monitor and report environmental status data� Temperature, movement, diagnostics
� Provide distress button� Small size, lightweight
� Provide support for Physiological data
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Locator Hardware
Distress Button
Acceler-ometer
Transceiver Module
PC Interface
Temperature Sensor
Micro-processor
RF Hardware Interface
PC Interface
Acceler-ometer
Temp. Sensor
Distress Button
Micro-
processor
Interfaceto RF
Hardware
RF Data
Channel
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Ongoing R & D
� Enhancing and refining location algorithms to further improve accuracy � New custom hardware accelerator solution will allow real-time operation
with multiple transmitters� Developing and testing new receiver and transmitter hardware
� smaller size and weight� lower power consumption (longer battery life)� better performance � multiple transmitter support� work with wider bandwidths in different bands
� Wearable and receiver antenna designs� Extend from 2D to 3D location� Evaluate system in other locations/buildings
� We have made a promising start� We eagerly await new experimental results!
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Precision Indoor Location and TrackingTechnology Workshop
� WPI two day workshop - August 2006
� Over 70 researchers/developers from over 40 companies and institutions
� Presentations, Demos, Working Sessions
� Next workshop - August 6-7, 2007
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WPI Precision Personnel Locator
�Acknowledgments
� The rest of the WPI team
� Worcester Fire Department
� The support of the National Institute of
Justice of DOJ
�Thank you!
� Jim Duckworth, [email protected]
www.ece.wpi.edu/Research/PPL/