worm slides.ppt

7/27/2019 Worm Slides.ppt

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Worm InfectionsMicrobiology 2314


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Helminth Phyla

Phylum Annilida

Phylum Aschelminthes / Nematoda

Phylum Platyhelminthes


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Human intestinal

parasites wormscause constipation,

stomach bloating,

anemia, asthma,diarrhea, digestive

disorders, fatigue,

low immune system,nervousness, and

skin rash.


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There can be over 100 different types of

parasitic worms living in human bodies.

Some are microscopic in size while otherscan be seen quite easily.


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SoHow Many of You Eat Worms?


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How Severe Are Worm

Infections?

70%

98%

2%


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SoOnce upon a time, I had a

student


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Folk Remedies Honey

Spider Webs

Kerosene

Willow Bark Tea Eating Clay

Maggots and Blow

flies Leeches

Chile Peppers


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Honey

Honey has been used as a cure forburnssince it was recommended by Aristotle.

Honey retains heat, so the burn must first

be cooled with cold running water or ice

cubes, then honey applied to the burnedarea.

Raw honey contains antibiotics, and

promotes healing of burns leaving very

few scars.

Not that long ago, East Bloc medics used

raw honey for burns andblisters on

soldiers in the field.


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Spider Webs

Spider web contains a substance that is very

effective in stopping bleeding and preventing

infection. Applying a wad of spider web to a freshcut will stop the bleeding


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"I shall desire you of

more acquaintance,

good master cobweb,"said the character

Bottom in A

Midsummer Night's

Dream. "If I cut my

finger, I shall make

bold of you."


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Kerosene

It was used to treathead lice. The person'shead would be rinsedwith kerosene which

then would be left infor a period of time.The kerosene would bewashed out and the

treatment repeatedwhen necessary.


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Kerosene has also been used forhemorrhoids.

Using a rectal compress saturated withkerosene still can afford many people relief,especially for extremely irritated, externalhemorrhoids occurring after childbirth.

The most common and beneficial use forkerosene is as a first aid antiseptic for cuts andscrapes. Applying kerosene to a cut helps stop

the bleeding and prevent infection. It promoteshealing and does not burn.

Athlete's foot also responds well to dailyapplications of kerosene.


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Willow Bark The use of willow bark dates

back to the time of Hippocrates(400 BC) when patients were

advised to chew on the bark toreduce fever and inflammation.

Willow bark has been usedthroughout the centuries in

China and Europe, andcontinues to be used byherbalists today for thetreatment offever, pain

(particularly low back pain),headache, and inflammatoryconditions such as arthritis.White willow or related species

are all effective.


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Clay

Eating earth (geophagy) isuniversal. You do it in a

refined manner each time

you chug Kaopectate, Di-Gel, Rolaids, Mylanta,

Maalox, or Donnagel-PG.


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In these products, the active ingredients of

clays (kaolin) or certain earths (calcium

carbonate) have been isolated from the earthmass, but that slippery, earthy feel still stays

in the mouth.


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Chile Peppers

http://www.fiery-foods.com/dave/bushmedicine.html
http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/cowboy_way/dvd.php?select=5


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"Cayenne pepper - prized forthousands of years for itshealing power. Folklore fromaround the world recountsamazing results using cayenne

pepper in simple healing andin baffling health problems.But cayenne pepper is not justa healer from ancient history.

Recent clinical studies havebeen conducted on many ofthe old-time healthapplications for this miracleherb. Again and again, the

therapeutic value of cayennepepper has been medicallyvalidated."Dr. PatrickQuillin The Healing Power ofCayenne Pepper


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Capsicum (cayenne pepper) builds thetissue in the stomach and the peristaltic

action in the intestines. Has been known to stop heart attacks within

30 seconds and reduce the risk of strokes.

Boosts circulation and increase heart action. Expedites the therapeutic delivery and

action of nutrients in the body.

Relieves muscle and joint pain. Detoxifies the colon.

Preventative against respiratory infections.


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Biotherapy

Biotherapy is the use of living organisms formedical treatment or as an adjunct to medical

diagnosis.


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Biotherapy

J.F. Zacharias, a Confederate

medical officer in the Civil War, is

documented as having used the

larvae of the green blow fly to

prevent gangrene in wounded

soldiers. Gangrene occurs when a

body part dies due to interference

with its nutrition. "Maggots in a

single day would clean a woundmuch better than any other agents

we had at our command," reported

Zacharias. "I am sure I saved

many lives by their use."


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Debridement is an essential component of

wound care as the presence of devitalised tissue

can impede the healing process. Larval therapyhas been used for the debridement of wounds for

several hundred years.


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Leach


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In 1994, a woman's scalp was ripped off when herhair was yanked into moving machinery. Doctors

performing micro-surgery at the University of

Southern California reattached the scalp, but one areaswelled with congested blood. They applied leeches,one at a time for eight days, to suck up stagnant

blood. Eventually new capillaries, or tiny bloodvessels, formed in the scalp wound, leading tohealing circulation.


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All leeches have two suckersone on each end of its

bodyand the mouth end has hundreds of teeth. When

applied to an injury or reattached limb, leeches dig their

teeth right into the flesh and start sucking. Surprisingly,the bite doesn't seem to hurt. That's because leech saliva

contains a natural anesthetic, or pain-killer.


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Leech saliva is also full of


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Leech saliva is also full ofother important curativechemicals. One is calledhirudin, which keeps blood

from clotting. Scientistshave devised a method togenetically engineerhirudin, which they hope to

prescribe as an alternative

treatment for uncloggingblood vessels during heartsurgery.

Another leech benefit is an

agent that prevents bacteriafrom infecting the woundarea. And a third is avasodilator, which causeshuman blood vessels to

open.


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Leeches Reduce the Pain of Osteoarthritis

Results from a pilot study on osteoarthritis of the knee as

reported in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. The study focused on 16 patients, average age 68, who had

had persistent knee pain for more than six months.Exercises, physiotherapy, relaxation techniques, and dietarychanges were already part of their treatment program.


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Leech therapy was tried on 10 patients, eight ofwhom were women.

Six others were given conventional treatmentfor pain.

Four leeches were applied to the painful knee

and left in place for one hour and 20 minutes. Pain measures were recorded three days beforethe start of the treatment and 28 days afterwardsit had finished.

Leech treatment produced rapid pain reliefafter three days, with the greatest effectsregistered 24 hours after treatment.

P t i k L i t


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Patrick L., recovering at

Harborview Medical Center,

was lifted from the deck of a

fishing ship off the Aleutians

after his hand was severed by a

fish saw.

More than 24 hours after the

accident, Patrick was in anoperating room at Harborview

Medical Center, where a

medical team reattached bone to

bone, artery to artery and nerveto nerve.

Leeches were used to reestablish

blood flow and reduce swelling.


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Helminthes in the Human Body


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Pinworms


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Adult Pinworm

1 in 5 Children have Pinworms


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Ova ofEnterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

C S d 1


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Case Study 1 Background: Enterobius vermicularis is known to produce perianal

and ischioanal abscesses and invade the peritoneal cavity via thefemale reproductive system, causing pelvic peritonitis. However, thereare only rare case reports on the cytodiagnosis of these parasiticlesions.

Case: A 28-year-old woman was admitted with a tender left iliac mass

and greenish vaginal discharge. Ultrasonogram scan confirmed thepresence of a mass lesion suggestive of a tuboovarian abscess.Cytologic examination of the pus obtained revealed the presence ofova of E vermicularis and fragments of the adult worm in aninflammatory exudate consisting predominantly of neutrophils,

eosinophils and occasional epithelioid cell granulomas. Paraffinsections of the tuboovarian mass showed granulomas, but neither ovanor any worm section was identified. Although the possibility oftuberculosis was considered histologically, Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) stainfor acid-fast bacilli was negative. Z-N staining of the smear andmycobacterial culture of the pus also did not yield positive results.


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Case Study 2

The section through the lumen of the appendix revealsa female pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis. In thiscross section, numerous eggs measuring 50 to 60microns by 20 to 30 microns are seen. The eggs are

flattened on one side. The female migrates to the perianal region to lay eggs,

resulting in pruritis ani. Direct ano-oral infection canoccur; the eggs can remain viable in the environmentfor two weeks and are resistant to most householddisinfectants.


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Scotch Tape Test


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Trichinella


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Trichinella


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Trichinella spiralis Encysted in Muscle Tissue


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Hookworm


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Ascaris


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Ova of Ascaris lumbricoides


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Ova ofAscaris lumbricoides


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This a pile of Ascaris worms collected from people living in a small village in

the south of India. The worms will mainly have come from children.


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GuineaWorm


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Guinea Worm


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Guinea Worm


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Normally Found on the Lower


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Extremeties


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However


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The only way to remove the

Worm is to wind it on a stick.

This is time consuming.


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Guinea Worm


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Tapeworms


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Tapeworm


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Tapeworm

Scolex

Tapeworm


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Tapeworm

Proglottids


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Tapeworm Proglottid with Eggs


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DietPills?


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This bottle uses

a picture of a

tapeworm on thelabel.


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Removal of Sparganosis mansoni, a tapeworm larva,

from eye. Adult tapeworms can reach lengths of 100cmor 40 inches. After penetrating the mucosa lining of the

small intestine, they migrate systemically throughout the

body, invading a variety of tissues and organs, and can

live for years.


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Infected Feces (Grain) Beetles Raw Flour Raw Cookie Dough Infected Person

June 19, 2009


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June 19, 2009

Nestl is voluntarily recalling all its refrigeratedand frozen chocolate chip cookie dough. The

FDA and CDC warn of the risk of contamination

with E. coli O157:H7.

l k


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Flukes


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Chinese Health

Poster WarningAgainst Fluke

Infections

Chinese Health


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Poster Warning

Against FlukeInfections

A di d d


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A distended

belly is one ofthe symptoms of

Schistosomiasis

as well as ofother worm

infections.


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Eggs in the liver. Two of the several eggs in this section

are labeled, and the granulomas (*) that have formed

around the eggs are typical of the damage that occurs in

the livers of infected hosts.


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Wh t b t S hi?


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What about Sushi?

Eating raw fish can result in anisakiasis, an infectioncaused by an infestation of Anisakis worm larvae.


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caused by an infestation ofAnisakis worm larvae.

Now, don't panic, it's not that bad. These are LITTLE

worms. They grow up to a mere one inch in length.

If you're lucky, the wormswill wind up in your stomach


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will wind up in your stomach,where the chief symptom is

generally a sudden attack ofintolerable pain. It startswithin 12 hours after eating

the affected fish andcontinues for two or threedays, until the worms expire.

If you're not as fortunate, the

larvae head to your intestinesor lungs, where they can takeup permanent residence.


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Worldwide increase in infections as

consumption of sushi has increased.


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consumption of sushi has increased.

You exhibit a food allergy to this food-borne

parasite,Anisakis simplex (nematode).

Causes human Anisakiasis (herring worm

disease) and induces immune reactions such as

gastrointestinal reactions and asthma.

Loa Loa Worms


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Loa Loa Worms

Loa Loa


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Loa Loa


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This woman has leopard skin and skin lesions on both legs.

A patient infected suffering

from river blindness. This


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o ve b d ess. s

elderly man shows nodules,

skin changes and blindness,all manifestations of the

disease.


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Nodules (removed from under the skin of infected people)

contain the adult worms.

Loa Loa in


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Eye


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Loa Loa Extraction


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Loa Loa Extraction


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Lymphatic f i lar iasis


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The mosquitoes becomeinfected by feeding upon

infected animals and the


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infected animals and the

worms enter a new hostsbloodstream via a

puncture bite.


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Lymphatic filariasis, also known aselephantiasis. Vectors are located

along the equator.


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The long,

threadlike worms


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threadlike worms

block the body's

lymphatic system--

a network of

channels, lymph

nodes, and organsthat helps maintain

proper fluid levels

in the body by

draining lymphfrom tissues into

the bloodstream.


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C i l


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Cercarial

Dermatitis


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Whip Worms


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Whip Worms


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This tight coiling is

characteristic of nematode

worms


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worms.


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Whip WormsProlapsed Rectum


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p


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So once Upon a Time, I had a

student


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Dermatobia hominis.


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And then another time

A 20-year-old college student went to his

doctor with draining sores on his right arm


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g g

and back. He had a "twitchy" sensationaround the lesions for 1 week. One month

earlier, he returned from an extended trip to

Costa Rica, where he camped in the

rainforest and swam daily in the ocean. The

sores developed and worsened over the past

several weeks, and he was treated twice

with amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin).Nothing was helping.


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Diagnosis: Botfly


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And then another time

This young boy was

minding his own


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minding his own

business when hefelt an eye irritation.

Thinking that it was

just regular dust, he

started to rub his

eye, in an effort to

remove the dust.

Then his eyes got

really red, so his

mom bought someeye drops from the

pharmacy.

Again they dismissed

it as dust & continued

bbi h i it


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rubbing, hoping it

would go away. As thedays went by, the

swelling of his eye got

worse & the redness

increased until hismom decided it was

time to go and see a

doctor for a check up.

The doctor

immediately wantedan operation, being

afraid of a tumor

growth or cyst.


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It wasnt a tumor!


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FYI

What was thought


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initially to be just

mere dust actually

was an insect's

egg......

At the operation,what was thought to

be a growth or cyst,

actually turned out to

be a live worm

(actually an insect

larva).


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The female botfly glues her eggs onto the abdomen of a

captured mosquito or other common fly. When the carrier insect

lands on a human, the larva, or bot, hatches, burrows into theskin, and positions itself "head down" to feed, breathing through

caudal respiratory spiracles. A furuncle with a central pore

develops as the bot matures, molting twice until reaching 18 to

24 mm

Your Honor, my hosts

name was Johnson.

I swear that I didn't


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I swear that I didn t

know he was takingthe kids out of the

country

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