world geography. · world geography. january 04, 2018. friday. review! •review your notes from...

World Geography.January 04, 2018. Friday.

REVIEW!

•Review your notes from yesterday until we get started.

•Create questions from your notes in Cornell/Focused Notes style.

Today’s Attendance Question:

•Name something you would like to have accomplished by the end of 2019.

Notices and Reminders.

•Our next test will be on Tuesday, January 8.

•We will review for the test on Monday, January 7.

Today’s Goals:

•Finish discussing core concepts in Language studies.

•Begin discussing the major language families.

Today’s Learning Targets:

• I can explain the concept of language families.

Part 1: Core Concepts in Language.

•Pidgin languages are simplified versions of a language or several languages that help people communicate, especially in matters of trade or business.


• In Hawaii, the influence of many cultures has produced a Hawaiian pidgin.

•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7X9AAeDCr4&t=38s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7X9AAeDCr4&t=38s


•A creole language is a mother tongue formed from the contact of two languages through an earlier pidgin stage.


•On the island of Haiti, the intermingling of French, Portuguese, Spanish, Taino and West African languages has created a Haitian Creole.

•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kcOf4IJ_88

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kcOf4IJ_88

Summarizing Part 1:

• In Part 1, we looked at some core concepts used in the study of language and geography.

•We defined the term language, observed the differences between dialects and accents (which are within the same language), and then saw the difference between pidgin and creole languages (which are created when two or more languages have to communicate with each other)

Part 2: World Languages.

• In this part, we will take a look at some of the major language families in our world.


•What is a language family?

•Well, what makes a family?


•Languages, like humans, are grouped together in families based on relationships.

•A language family is a group of languages that evolved from a common proto-language.


•A proto-language is an ancestral language from which other languages evolve.


•Look at the similarities between these words on Google Translate (mother, father, son, daughter).

•Similarities like this would lead linguists and geographers to the conclusion that these languages are, perhaps, related.


•The four major language families are:

• Indo-European.

•Sino-Tibetan.

•Afro-Asiatic.

•Niger-Congo.


•Which is the most commonly spoken home language?

•More than a billion people speak Mandarin Chinese making it the most spoken home language in the world.


•What are some of the world’s most spoken languages?

•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epBuWRld4ws

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epBuWRld4ws


•Of course, there are many dialects of the Chinese language.


•The Chinese language uses logograms instead of an alphabet.


•A logogram is a sign or character representing a word or phrase.


•The Indo-European Language Family also has many speakers throughout the world.


•This language family includes both languages spoken in Europe such as English, French and Spanish and in Asia such as Hindi, Bengali, Farsi.


•European languages with Latin roots such as Spanish and Italian are known as “Romance” languages.


•English is not a Romance language.

•English belongs to the Germanic sub-family of languages in the Indo-European Language Family.


•Then there are language isolates…


•The least spoken languages in the world are usually in locations that are isolated, have few resources, and were hard to invade.

•These languages usually have very little in common with neighboring languages.

•One example of this is the Basque language.


•The Basque region is in the Eastern Pyrenees mountains between France and Spain in Europe.


•The terrain of the Basque region is mountainous.


•The Basque language is considered a language isolate as it does not share any features with other Indo-European languages.

•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FoLq20B8VM&t=38s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FoLq20B8VM&t=38s


•One theory behind why the Basque language is so different from other European languages is…

•…that it is the language of one of the original groups to settle Europe when they first migrated out of Africa!

world geography. · world geography. january 04, 2018. friday. review! •review your notes from...

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