Air Hydro PowerAir Hydro Power World without COWorld without CO22 problem problem

The Water Cycle is The Water Cycle is the most powerful the most powerful process in Natureprocess in Nature

– – aabout a quarterbout a quarter of of all Sun’s all Sun’s

EnergyEnergy or about a half of or about a half of

Sun’s Energy Sun’s Energy achieving the achieving the

EarthEarth

Since the annual precipitation isSince the annual precipitation is about 1 m of rainfall about 1 m of rainfall, , it matches a it matches a huge power ~ 800 TW that is: huge power ~ 800 TW that is:

• more than 60 times greater than all the current needs of humanitymore than 60 times greater than all the current needs of humanity• more than more than 400 400 times greater than all electrical power stationstimes greater than all electrical power stations

Why the usual Hydropower gives so Why the usual Hydropower gives so little from this huge power?little from this huge power?• AAll precipitation lose most of ll precipitation lose most of

their potential energy on the their potential energy on the way to ground to overcome way to ground to overcome the resistance of the air and the resistance of the air and hit the groundhit the ground

• The most of precipitation fall The most of precipitation fall on ocean or lowland where on ocean or lowland where hydro power has no enough hydro power has no enough potential for usingpotential for using

Therefore the flow of all rivers Therefore the flow of all rivers is 11 times less than all is 11 times less than all precipitation and all rivers precipitation and all rivers power is 200 times less than power is 200 times less than power from cloudspower from clouds

How to avoid this power lossHow to avoid this power loss??• Collect water in place Collect water in place

where it condenses where it condenses really, i.e. directly in really, i.e. directly in cloudsclouds

• Use all possible hydro Use all possible hydro power head in any place power head in any place of land or ocean where of land or ocean where there are cloudsthere are clouds

It was suggested by It was suggested by Nikola Tesla yet in 1915Nikola Tesla yet in 1915

Comparison with other renewable energy sources:Comparison with other renewable energy sources:

SourceSource:: cloudsclouds riversrivers windwind solarsolar tidestides

Resource amountResource amount bigbig smallsmall middlemiddle bigbig smallsmall

Energy concentrationEnergy concentration bigbig middlemiddle smallsmall smallsmall smallsmall

SizesSizes, , weight, cost of weight, cost of power machinepower machine

smallsmall bigbig bigbig bigbig bigbig

Cost of land leaseCost of land lease smallsmall bigbig bigbig bigbig smallsmall

Initial total costsInitial total costs smallsmall bigbig bigbig bigbig bigbig

Initial specific costs Initial specific costs (per 1 kW)(per 1 kW)

smallsmall middlemiddle bigbig bigbig bigbig

MobilityMobility bigbig smallsmall smallsmall smallsmall smallsmall

LifetimeLifetime smallsmall bigbig middlemiddle middlemiddle bigbig

ExperienceExperience smallsmall bigbig middlemiddle middlemiddle middlemiddle

ProspectsProspects for for improvementimprovement

bigbig smallsmall smallsmall middlemiddle middlemiddle

Complex solutionComplex solution

(+ (+ fresh waterfresh water))bigbig bigbig smallsmall smallsmall smallsmall

Environmental Environmental HazardsHazards

smallsmall bigbig middlemiddle smallsmall middlemiddle

ProfessorProfessor, , Ph.D.Ph.D.Alexander BaibikovAlexander Baibikov METHOD AND DEVICE FOR METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING RENEWABLE PRODUCING RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY AND CLEAN WATERELECTRICITY AND CLEAN WATER

patent RU 2407914 C1 frompatent RU 2407914 C1 from 18.09.2009 18.09.2009

1.1. tankertanker2.2. aerostataerostat3.3. headerheader4.4. toroidal balloontoroidal balloon5.5. balloon with spray reagentsballoon with spray reagents6.6. hosehose7.7. receiverreceiver8.8. turbine with electric generatorturbine with electric generator

Air Hydro Power ideaAir Hydro Power idea::

• Usual HydropowerUsual Hydropower

• Barrage balloonsBarrage balloons

• Fog collectorsFog collectors

Andrew KazantsevAndrew Kazantsev Air Hydro PowerAir Hydro Power

PPatent RU 2500854 C1atent RU 2500854 C1from 17.04.12, from 17.04.12, International Application International Application PCT/RU2013/000070PCT/RU2013/000070

1.1. downstream   downstream   2.2. upstreamupstream3.3. hosehose4.4. turbo generatorturbo generator5.5. mesh, fabric or mesh, fabric or

film film surfaces surfaces (cloud collectors)(cloud collectors)

6.6. aerostataerostat7.7. tethers tethers

Andrew KazantsevAndrew Kazantsev Air Hydro PowerAir Hydro Power(portative kite version for (portative kite version for emergency water supply)emergency water supply)

PPatent RU 2500854 C1atent RU 2500854 C1from 17.04.12, from 17.04.12, International Application International Application PCT/RU2013/000070PCT/RU2013/000070

1.1. downstreamdownstream2.2. header and upstreamheader and upstream3.3. hose hose ((the same tetherthe same tether))4.4. turbo generatorturbo generator ( (optional optional

for portative unitsfor portative units))5.5. fabric or film fabric or film surfaces surfaces

(parts of kite)(parts of kite) 6.6. kitekite oror paraglideparaglide 7.7. tethertether ( (the same hosethe same hose))

What it givesWhat it gives??• almost eternal and unlimited gratuitous electricity and clean water for drinking and almost eternal and unlimited gratuitous electricity and clean water for drinking and

irrigation, and anywhere in the world, where irrigation, and anywhere in the world, where there are cloudsthere are clouds

• minimum space on the ground (as under this Hminimum space on the ground (as under this HPSPS and under power lines), as well as and under power lines), as well as the ability to use any surface (including the vast areas of deserts, seas, oceans, etc.)the ability to use any surface (including the vast areas of deserts, seas, oceans, etc.)

• modular (you can collect any power plants from standard modules)modular (you can collect any power plants from standard modules)

• mobility (for rapid redeployment, if necessary, or even for use in transport, for mobility (for rapid redeployment, if necessary, or even for use in transport, for example, to supply ocean ships by electricity and drink water)example, to supply ocean ships by electricity and drink water)

• cleanness and ecology because of the relatively small local hydro flows (in comparing cleanness and ecology because of the relatively small local hydro flows (in comparing with conventional HPS) and the complete absence of with conventional HPS) and the complete absence of COCO22, , thermal, chemical or thermal, chemical or nuclear releases into the environmentnuclear releases into the environment

• increasing the specific hydroelectric power (that is power per liter of water) by using increasing the specific hydroelectric power (that is power per liter of water) by using the maximum possible hydraulic head between the upper and lower water level (from the maximum possible hydraulic head between the upper and lower water level (from the height of the condensation of atmospheric moisture to the ground)the height of the condensation of atmospheric moisture to the ground)

• significantly lower capital costs per unit of capacity and operational costs by significantly lower capital costs per unit of capacity and operational costs by comparing with any other known types of renewable and non-renewable energycomparing with any other known types of renewable and non-renewable energy

• possibility of additional uses for network communication, video surveillance, high-rise possibility of additional uses for network communication, video surveillance, high-rise advertising, lightning protection, climate protection (for example, against hurricanes advertising, lightning protection, climate protection (for example, against hurricanes and tornadoes in the U.S. by placement on the seaboard of Gulf of Mexico), and tornadoes in the U.S. by placement on the seaboard of Gulf of Mexico), regulation of climate (by cutting off rains in St. Petersburg by placement on the dam regulation of climate (by cutting off rains in St. Petersburg by placement on the dam at the prevailing southwest wind rose), AD (for example, for Israel), shade in hot at the prevailing southwest wind rose), AD (for example, for Israel), shade in hot countries, and much more…countries, and much more…

Small Air Hydro Power - calculationSmall Air Hydro Power - calculation• The passive fog collectors giveThe passive fog collectors give ~ 10 ~ 10 ll//mm22//day. The active omni-directional fog day. The active omni-directional fog

collectors (more close to Air Hydro Power) give up tocollectors (more close to Air Hydro Power) give up to 300 300 ll//mm22//day.day.

• Hence, even for minimal estimation (data of passive fog collectors) the piece of PP Hence, even for minimal estimation (data of passive fog collectors) the piece of PP meshmesh 10 х 10 10 х 10 mm (100 (100 mm22) ) provides totally a man by fresh water provides totally a man by fresh water ~1000 ~1000 ll//day and day and electricity electricity ~150-200 ~150-200 kWhkWh//month by using Air Hydro Powermonth by using Air Hydro Power. .

• The Small Air Hydro Power for village with 100 people will give up toThe Small Air Hydro Power for village with 100 people will give up to 100 100 mm33//day of day of fresh water and havefresh water and have the electric power the electric power 20 20 kWkW or moreor more..

HeadHead 2000 2000 mm, , powerpower 20 20 kWkW, , mesh areamesh area 10000 10000 mm22 (100 х 100 (100 х 100 mm));;Mesh price ~Mesh price ~ $ $ 0.5/0.5/mm22 ( (double layerdouble layer), ), weight ~weight ~ 10 10 gg//mm22 - - $ $ 5000, 100 5000, 100 kg;kg;AerostatAerostat 500 500 mm33 holdsholds 500 500 kg,kg, its shell 300 mits shell 300 m22 ~~ $ $ 2000, 2000, hydrogenhydrogen $ 2/kg ~$ 2/kg ~ $ $ 100100; ; Gravity hose with special form calculated by Gravity hose with special form calculated by continuity equation, no pressurecontinuity equation, no pressure DDiameter of nozzle iameter of nozzle (hose output) ~ (hose output) ~ 3 3 mmmm, the velocity of water , the velocity of water in nozzle ~ in nozzle ~ 200 200 mm//s s Total weight of water in hose, on mesh, and in upstreamTotal weight of water in hose, on mesh, and in upstream ~ ~ 200 200 kgkgThe simplest Pelton’s turbineThe simplest Pelton’s turbine + + generatorgenerator 20 20 kWkW + + tetherstethers ~~ $ $ 30003000

Total, even with such extremely low power, we have:Total, even with such extremely low power, we have:

• The total price is ~ $The total price is ~ $ 1010,,000 ($000 ($ 100 to each inhabitant of the village).100 to each inhabitant of the village).• The weight is 400 kg (with airlift of the balloon is up to 500 kg).The weight is 400 kg (with airlift of the balloon is up to 500 kg).• The specific capital costs is $The specific capital costs is $ 500/kW.500/kW.• The operational costs is close to zero.The operational costs is close to zero.

Economical prospective viewEconomical prospective view• Estimation for maximal output: Estimation for maximal output: In a thundercloudIn a thundercloud, close to equator, close to equator, we have up to 5 , we have up to 5

g/mg/m33 of  of LWCLWC. Let it be only 1 g/m. Let it be only 1 g/m33, the altitude of 5 km, the usual wind speed here of , the altitude of 5 km, the usual wind speed here of 10 m/s, we get 500 W/m10 m/s, we get 500 W/m22. For comparing, a NPP unit of 500 MW is equal ~ 1 km. For comparing, a NPP unit of 500 MW is equal ~ 1 km22 of  of the the mesh for Air mesh for Air Hydro PowerHydro Power. Not so much. And NPP unit is on the ground with the . Not so much. And NPP unit is on the ground with the same space. same space. Plus 100 kmPlus 100 km22 of emergency zone. of emergency zone. And this land is lostAnd this land is lost forever forever. But we . But we need only in a need only in a little little place for the turbine, the rest part is on the altitude of 5 km. place for the turbine, the rest part is on the altitude of 5 km.

• SoSo, , if use economical approximation by extensive factorif use economical approximation by extensive factor ( (i.e. on 1 mi.e. on 1 m22 of active surface of active surface - - $ 0.5 $ 0.5 for double layer of PP meshfor double layer of PP mesh), ), then for big Air Hydro Power units by law then for big Air Hydro Power units by law “quadrate – cube” we can estimate the following specific capital costs“quadrate – cube” we can estimate the following specific capital costs: : 

• For pessimistic estimationFor pessimistic estimation ( (by average data of passive fog collectorsby average data of passive fog collectors) ) ~ 2 ~ 2 WW//mm22 -> ~ -> ~ $ $ 250/250/kWkW  

• For optimistic estimationFor optimistic estimation ( (by maximal data of active fog collectorsby maximal data of active fog collectors) ) ~ 50 ~ 50 WW//mm22 -> ~ -> ~ $ $ 10/10/kWkW  

• For super optimistic estimationFor super optimistic estimation ( (by physical calculation on equatorby physical calculation on equator) ) ~ 500 ~ 500 WW//mm22 -> ~ -> ~ $ $ 1/1/kWkW  

InIn comparison comparison,,• GGas turbine PS with ~ $ 500-700/kW for the largest cost about 5 cents per kWh,as turbine PS with ~ $ 500-700/kW for the largest cost about 5 cents per kWh,• Conventional TPS with ~ $ 1500/kW for ~ 2.5 cents per kWh,Conventional TPS with ~ $ 1500/kW for ~ 2.5 cents per kWh,• Hydro PS with ~ $ 1000-3000/kW for ~ 0.5 cents per kWh,Hydro PS with ~ $ 1000-3000/kW for ~ 0.5 cents per kWh,• Nuclear PS with ~ $ 5000/kW for ~ 2.5 cents per kWh.Nuclear PS with ~ $ 5000/kW for ~ 2.5 cents per kWh.

Main advantagesMain advantages• Huge potential that is dozens or hundreds times more than Huge potential that is dozens or hundreds times more than

all human needsall human needs• The possibility of almost world-wide use due to natural The possibility of almost world-wide use due to natural

accumulation and rather equal distributing Sun’s energy in accumulation and rather equal distributing Sun’s energy in atmospheric moistureatmospheric moisture

• The possibility of energy storage with using the Air Hydro The possibility of energy storage with using the Air Hydro Power as pumped storage hydro power station and Power as pumped storage hydro power station and hydrogen storagehydrogen storage

• Getting some most important resources at the same time – Getting some most important resources at the same time – electricity, hydrogen, and fresh waterelectricity, hydrogen, and fresh water

• The theoretical possibility for big Air Hydro Power to reduce The theoretical possibility for big Air Hydro Power to reduce energy costs by 1-2 orders of magnitudeenergy costs by 1-2 orders of magnitude

• Absolute ecological security from any pollution (including Absolute ecological security from any pollution (including COCO22), saving climate and the heat balance of the planet), saving climate and the heat balance of the planet

Main problemsMain problems• Physical - the freezing of water. Despite the fact that the clouds Physical - the freezing of water. Despite the fact that the clouds

water remains liquid down to -10 °C, on mesh of Air Hydro Power it water remains liquid down to -10 °C, on mesh of Air Hydro Power it is likely to freeze as usual at 0 °C. This limits the use of year-round is likely to freeze as usual at 0 °C. This limits the use of year-round in the northern countries, particularly in Russia.in the northern countries, particularly in Russia.

• Operational - irregularity of clouds. Possible solutions: Operational - irregularity of clouds. Possible solutions: 1.1. the alleged alternative mechanism induced condensation on the the alleged alternative mechanism induced condensation on the

mesh (in need of experimental verification). mesh (in need of experimental verification). 2.2. accumulation of water on the upper reach (it can be shown that accumulation of water on the upper reach (it can be shown that

it is quite acceptable and cost 2-3 times more profitable use of it is quite acceptable and cost 2-3 times more profitable use of traditional chemical batteries). traditional chemical batteries).

3.3. conventional methods for renewable energy, such as by conventional methods for renewable energy, such as by accumulation of hydrogen generation and recovery of aluminum accumulation of hydrogen generation and recovery of aluminum for transport of fuel cells.for transport of fuel cells.

• Engineering - getting energy from a height of 2-5 km. Solved in Engineering - getting energy from a height of 2-5 km. Solved in three different ways: three different ways: 1.1. standard pressure hose, standard pressure hose, 2.2. free-flow gravity hose (channel waterfall) free-flow gravity hose (channel waterfall) 3.3. cable car (reverse aerial lift). cable car (reverse aerial lift). Further R&D are needed for different types of installations.Further R&D are needed for different types of installations.

Application areas and markets Application areas and markets correspond to zones of intense precipitation in the climate map:correspond to zones of intense precipitation in the climate map:

Europe, USA, Latin America, Central Africa, India, China, Japan, Indochina ... Europe, USA, Latin America, Central Africa, India, China, Japan, Indochina ...

Already doneAlready done::• Established development team under the supervision of Established development team under the supervision of

Professor, Ph.D. Alexander BaibikovProfessor, Ph.D. Alexander Baibikov

• Received 3 patents and filed some patent applicationsReceived 3 patents and filed some patent applications

• 2 articles published in the journals "Energy and Industry of 2 articles published in the journals "Energy and Industry of Russia" and "Alternative kilowatt“Russia" and "Alternative kilowatt“

• Prepared and carried out the first tests of the scientific Prepared and carried out the first tests of the scientific prototype of Air Hydro Power (Seliger, Russia, 2013/07/30)prototype of Air Hydro Power (Seliger, Russia, 2013/07/30)

• Preliminary calculations of size and material options for the Preliminary calculations of size and material options for the two pilot power plantstwo pilot power plants

• Developed a specification for the basic units of power plantsDeveloped a specification for the basic units of power plants

• Developed the siteDeveloped the site http://AIRHES.COMhttp://AIRHES.COM

• Were received requests from some potential investors from Were received requests from some potential investors from the international network of Angel Investment Networkthe international network of Angel Investment Network

Testing the first scientific prototype of AirHESTesting the first scientific prototype of AirHES (Seliger, Russia, 2013/07/30) (Seliger, Russia, 2013/07/30)

Testing different models of the emergency source Testing different models of the emergency source of water at the base of the kite SKY-FOUNTAINof water at the base of the kite SKY-FOUNTAIN

  (Gulf of Finland, summer 2015)  (Gulf of Finland, summer 2015)

Laboratory tests of models of meshes, kites and Laboratory tests of models of meshes, kites and conduits conduits

(Peski, summer 2015)(Peski, summer 2015)